Gavumenti ya Amereka erina amaanyi mangi agakwata ku bulamu bw'abantu baayo obwa bulijjo. Okutegeera amaanyi gano okuyitira mu byokulabirako by'obulamu obwa nnamaddala kiyinza okutuyamba okutegeera obukulu n'okussa mu nkola bye gagoberera. Ekitundu kino kijja kwekenneenya ebifo ebikulu bingi amatwale ga gavumenti gye gaakozesebwa, nga mw'otwalidde n'okusasula emisolo, okwekuuma, n'ebirala bingi.

Enteekateeka y’Etteeka ey’Amaanyi ga Federal

Ekiragiro kya Amereka kiwa gavumenti y'ensi eyo emenya amateeka agaawulwa mu Katundu I, Ekitundu 8, ate era ne tegeka obufuzi obw'enkalakkalira ku magatte wansi w'Emitendo Ekkumi n'Emirundi. Enjawukana eno ereetawo enkola ey'obufuzi obw'emirundi ebiri, naye gavumenti y'ensi eyo etuuse ku bukulu okuyitira mu nkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka mu b'amateeka, okutegeeza n'ensonga z'amateeka, n'ebintu ebyetaagisa mu kufuga eggwanga ery'omulembe ogumu. Ekibiina kikyusaamu enkola y'omusolo (okusasula omusolo) n'ogw 14 (obukuumi obuli wakati w'okukulembedde n'engeri esaanira), era n'ensonga endala ezisobozesa gavumenti okweyongera okutegeera ensonga zino okuba nga zigenda mu bifo nga mu misolo, mu kulwanirira ssente, ne mu mbeera z'abantu.

Okusolooza: Gavumenti Eziwagira Okusasula

Amaanyi ag'okusasula emisolo gya levy y'emu ku manya g'ensi yonna agasingayo obukulu, agaragiddwa mu kitundu Ekitundu 8, Ekitundu kya Claus 1. Essente okuva ku nsolo z'ensimbi endala zonna, okuva ku ntegeka y'ebintu okutuuka ku bukuumi bw'eggwanga. Wansi wagw'empalo enkulu ez'ensi erimu ebyokulabirako ebya ddala.

Omusolo

Mu 1913, enteekateeka ey'okukyusa emisolo eya 16 yawa Kongress obuyinza okukuŋŋaanya emisolo ku ssente nga tegigabanyiziddwa mu gavumenti. Leero, enkyusa ya Internal Revenue Service (IS) ewa enkola y'okusasula emisolo egisukka mu 50% ku buli kikumi (ebirimba).[1] Abawagizi ba misolo basasula nnyo okusinga ku muwendo gwa ddoola z'Amerika ezisinga obukumi n'ekitundu buli mwaka. Omuntu afuna omusolo ogwo asasula doola 500,0000,000 buli lukumi (30,000).

Ssaawo Emisolo

Act (FICA). Abakozesa n'abakozi baawunzibwa ku misolo gye basasula 6,2% mu kifo ky'omusolo ogw'ensimbi, era n'erya 1.45% ku ssente eziweebwa abawummuzibwa ku mulimu, eziweebwayo ku bawummula b'ebifo abasukka mu 66,000,000 awamu ne insuwalensi za bannakyewa. Ate era ne insuwalensi za ddwaliro mu ddwaliro zigaba nga zisobola okusasula doola z'Amerika,600 mu 2024.

Emisolo

Amagoba ga gavumenti gayinza okusobozesa kampuni ezikola omusolo ku kipimo 21% (nga wayiseewo 2017 Tsima n'Akakiiko konna). Amakampuni amanene nga Apple ne Microsoft gasasula obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bw'obuwumbi bw'emicrosoft, wadde nga mangi gakozesa ebifissi okukendeeza ku mutindo gwazo. Era emisolo gisobozesa ebisale bya kampuni z'eby'obusuubuzi okukyusa ekitebe kyaffe ekikulu oba okuteeka mu nkola mu kunoonyereza oba okukendeeza obulembezi bwazo. Ekiragiro ekyakasembye ekyakayita, gamba nga Infreation Recuction Act, kyatandikawo omusolo 15% ku magye amanene okugasanja.

Omusolo omulala oguva mu gavumenti gutwaliramu okusasula omusolo ku masannyalaze, omwenge, sigala, awamu n'emisolo egikosa obutimba bw'abantu. Byonna ebigambibwa, gavumenti ekuŋŋaanya obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi obuwumbi obusukka mu 1,9 mu mwaka 2023 okuyitira mu nkola zino, ebisaawe okuva ku makubo okutuukira ddala ku bifo eby'enjawulo okutuuka ku bifo ebikuumirwamu ensalo ez'ensi yonna. Yiga ebisingawo ebikwata ku ku kukendeera kw'emisolo ku Crenoralitarial Bal Bal Bal Office[.

Eby’Okulwanyisa: Okukuuma Obukuumi bw’Ensi

Kyandiba nti okulwanirira okw'eggwanga ye nkola y'obuyinza obusinga okulabika, ekkirizibwa Akatundu I ak'amaanyi okuteekawo amagye, okugategeka n'okukuuma eggye ery'oku nnyanja era n'okulangirira olutalo. Prezidenti akola nga nnalukalala mu nviiri. Emirimu egy'ensi yonna giyitirira obungi era gijjudde ebitundu bingi.

Ssente Ezaakozesebwa mu Kudduka Amagye n’Okulabirira Ababeseri

Department of Defense (DoD) ye mukozesa asinga obungi mu nsi yonna, nga bali 1,300 obukadde n'obukadde bw'abakozi ba situyewo abasukka mu 800,000. Embalirira y'ensi eyo esobozesa obuwumbi 886 okwekuuma mu 2024, amasasulira, ebyuma, n'okukolera awamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, programu ya ennyonyi za shrivi (ekozesebwa obukadde obusukka mu 1,7,000 obw'emyaka) okusobola okugula ennyo ennyonyi ez'ennyonyi ezikozesebwa mu Air Force, Navy, ne Marine.

Ekiragiro Kibuulira ku Bikwata ku Balala

Ng'oggyeko amagye agakola, gavumenti esobozesa abo abaatwalibwanga mu kitongole ekikola ku by'obulwadde (VA) okukola ku bannabyabufuzi abajjanjabi abangi. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abawagizi ba yunivasite z'e Veterans Affairs. . Ekiragiro kino kikolako enkola y'okujjanjaba abajaasi obukadde 9 buli mwaka.

Obukuumi n’Obukugu mu Kitundu ky’Ewaabwe

Okuva mu 9/11, ekitongole ekikola ku bukuumi mu nsalo ya Homeland Security (DHS) kibadde kiwa abakuumi b'ensalo essaawa eziwera obuwumbi 2 buli lunaku. Ekitongole ekirabikira abaabaabaabanga mu nnyonyi abava mu nnyonyi nga 2 miliyoni buli lunaku, nga ne Cybersecurity and Infrestructure Security Agency (CISA) kikola ne kampuni ezikola ku bukuumi bw'abatuutinzi okusobola okukuuma ebiwandiiko eby'eby'amasannyalaze ng'enjyuuka n'amazzi. Ekitongole ekikola ebiziyiza obulumba bw'eby'ekitongole (FLT:] DH.[FLT]

Okurwanirira Obusuubuzi

Ago ago ge gaakozesebwanga okutegeeza abantu nti, “Ebigambo by’ensi yonna ” era gasobodde okuddukanya buli kampuni mu by’obusuubuzi.

Okukyusa Obusuubuzi n’Endowooza

Ekitongole ekikessi kyassaawo amateeka agakwata ku kusibawo ab'obuyinza okusobola okuziyiza okuddukanya ettendekero limu n'okukuuma okuvuganya. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2020 FTC yassa enkyuuka y'amateeka ku Facebook (Mata) olw'okumenya empaka ez'okwegatta ku bantu, era mu 2024 yaziyiza okugattika awamu kw'amaduuka aganene Krogger ne Albertsons. Scecurence and Exchangement Commission (SEC) efuga ebstances, nga kko kampunti eziko ezikko ezikko obwetaanyawo nga zikireetera kampuni za gavumenti okwatula obubaka bw'ensirimu. Aventintiesss yaansiga ssente singa tewateekebwawo mu 2024, ekyo kiyinza okuteeka obulamu bwabwe mu buzibuwa.

Obukuumi mu Ngeri Ekozesebwa mu Ngeri Ennyo

Ekitongole ekirabirira eby'entambula kissaawo emitindo egigobererwa ennyonyi z'ennyonyi, eggaali z'omukka, n'amakubo agatambula. Ekitongole kya Federal Aviation Administration(FA) kisobozesa abavuzi b'ennyonyi n'ennyonyi okuteeka ebiragiro ku butebenkevu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, oluvannyuma lw'okukuba ebibamba bya kabuuka bibiri ebisajja mu 2018-2019, FAA, ebizibya zza obuto ku mmeeri z'ennyonyi. National Highway Tration Safety Administration (NTA) eteekawo emitindo egikwata ku by'ennyonyi enkusumbi enjereere olusooka.

Okukuuma Omulugube

Ebitongole ebikuuma ebikola ebintu gamba nga Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ne FTC bireeseewo enkola ez'obulimba. CFPB eddiza abaguzi doola z'obuwumbi bwa doola nga 55 mu mitendera egimenya amateeka, gamba ng'okuwola ssente mu bbanja. Food ne Drug Administration (FDA) birabirira eby'okukuuma emmere, eddagala, n'eby'ekisawo.[1] Buli kampuni gy'okozesa ng'ogula ekola ku ddagala erikkirizibwa gavumenti. Amaka gano gakola ku bulamu bwo obwa bulijjo, okuva ku bintu ebirimu ebigulibwa mu nnimiro okutuuka ku kaadi yo ey'amabanja.

Obukuumi bw’Ennansi

Ab'obuyinza ku mbeera z'obutonde baatandikira ku nkola y'Ekisuubuzi ne ku buyinza bw'ebintu ebya tteeka. Ekiragiro ekikulu ekyateekebwawo mu myaka gya 1970 kyatandikawo enteekateeka ey'okussaawo amateeka amakulu.

Ekikolwa eky’Ennyonyi Enyonjo

Ekitongole ekitegeka Environmental Protection Agency (1970, ekyaz'enkyukakyuka 1990) kikubiriza ekitongole ekifuga environmental Protection Agency (EPA) okuteekawo emitindo gya National Ambentient Air Security Ensene (NAAQS) okusobola okuteekamu obutwa ng'obutwa ng'ogwo oguyitibwa ozone ne compalatement. Gavumenti erina okuteekawo enteekateeka ezinaagituukiriza emitindo gino. Kyakulabirako eky'ekyegguka: EPA etteeka eririmu ekyetaagisa okukendereza 50 ku 50% mu byeremeredde eby'obutwa okuva mu bimera bya Louisiana ebikolamu protemu trans (“Cance Aley'” e ekkomyawokyamalwo.

Okukwata Amazzi Amayonjo

Ekitongole EPA ne Army Army of Engineers basalawo ettaka oba ettaka oba ettaka eririmu ennyanja ez'omu nnyanja. Mu 2023, kkooti enkulu efuga enzivuunvuunvu. EPA ewa gavumenti y'ensi eyo ekkiriza okuyita mu makolero ga macaato. Ng'ekyokulabirako, shyoterfix ping yatta obuwumbi bwa buwuka obunene wansi w'omulembe gwa Ceoc Water Act, ekitongole ekirwanirira obunene obwa EPA kyewanjudde mu ggwanga okusobozesa ebbeesaawo akabunyo.

Ekikolwa ky’Enkinnansi eri mu Kabi

The Endangered Species Act (1973) kiwa obuyinza ekitongole kya Amerika ekiyitibwa Fish and Wildlife Service okumenya enjawulo z'ebika eby'omu nnyanja nga biri mu kabi oba nga kirimu akabi oba ng'ekiwayi eky'amaanyi. Ekiragiro kiyambye okuzzaawo enjawulo eziriwo ng'enkovu (eyeeyingirivu n'empala ez'enkusu. Naye era kiyinza okukugira enkula y'ettaka (okuteekawo akakolobeebwe) okukomya okuzikola ku nnyumba mu California okusobola okukuuma ebizinga ebiyitibwa San Joaquin. Ebikabukkomperi emirundi mingi ebikaago by'eby'eby'eby'eby'enfuna bimalawo wakati w'obukkulembedde n'eby'eby'eby'eby'enfuna. EPA egoberera ebrogobeewandikiro mu

Enteekateeka z’Abantu

Enteekateeka ezikwata ku mbeera z'abantu, ezaasibuka mu New Deal and Great Society, ziyamba obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu okufuna obukuumi.

Obukuumi mu Kibiina

Mu 1935, programu y'obutebenkevu y'ebitundu bya gavumenti ya Amerika ey'emyaka 65+ eganyula abantu. Enteekateeka eno esobozesa abakozi abawummula emirimu, abalema, n'abawonawo okusasula emisolo. Ssente eziva ku ssente ezisaasaanyizibwawo. Kumpi 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu abali mu Amerika abalina emyaka 65+ okusobola okufuna miganyulo. Omuwendo gwa gavumenti gusasula obuwumbi 50 doola z'ensimbi. Enteekateeka eno ewandisizza ssente naye nga buli mwaka zisobola okugonjoola ensonga eyo.

Medicaid ne Insuwalensi y'Obulamu bw'Abaana (CHIP)

Mdicaid (1965) ewa ebiwandiiko by'eby'obujjanjabi ku bantu aba bulijjo obukadde nga 80 mu Amerika nga mw'otwalidde abaana, abakazi, bannamukadde, n'abalema. Gayinsi ekolera wamu n'ab'eggwanga naye nga gakolera wansi w'amateeka. Affordcable Care Act (2010) egaziyizza empedicaid espigition mu bitundu 40 nga zikoza abantu abakulu abafuna omuwendo gwa wansi okutuuka ku 138% ku mwavu. CHIP ewandikibwe abaana mu maka nga bafunye essente nnyingi okusinga ze babadde basusse Medid naye nga ba wansi nnyo mu lukalala lwa insuwa. pulogiro zino zonna zikozesezza obutundu bwa ddowo.

Programu ey’Akakwate n’Eby’Ebiriisa (SNAP)

SNAP (edda ebikompola eby'emmere) biyamba abantu abasukka obukadde 40 okufuna emmere. Mu 2023, emiganyulo egya buli mwezi gyabanga nga doola 96 ku muntu. Emiganyulo gyagabanga ku kaadi eziwerebwa nga project Furse Trans greeters (EBT) eziyinza okukkirizibwa abaguzi ab'obuyinza. Gavumenti egabana ebitundu bibiri ku bulungi bw'emmere era n'esaasaanya ebbeeyi y'eby'eby'enfuna ne mu gavumenti. Programuwo ekendeeza ku butali bunywevu bw'ebiringo nga 30% ku baani abaagifuna.

Obuyigirize n’Obuwagizi bwa Kera

Wadde ng’okusingira ddala obuyigirize buvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti n’obw’omu kitundu, gavumenti essaawo ensimbi eziwaayo, amateeka, n’enteekateeka eziba zigobeddwa okukakasa nti wabaawo obwenkanya.

Super Source I ne K-12 Ssente

Ku mutwe I ku Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) buli mwaka, amasomero gasindika doola z'obuwumbi nga 66 mu matendekero agakola mu bitundu ebitono ennyo. Amasomero galina okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by'eggwanga okufuna ssente. Ng'ekyokulabirako, essomero eriri mu kyalo kya Mississippi liyinza okukozesa ssente ze Njawulo Okupa abakugu abalala mu by'okusoma oba abasomesa oluvannyuma lw'ekinaawere. Buli mu siteesitemu yakkiriza buwumbi bwa doola 66 eza wansi wa doola nga zigoberera obutundu obutono obwa kawerera akatonotono.

Aid Omuyizi wa Federal

Gavumenti y'ekola mu bunene bw'eyambi abaana abagisoma. Abalina ebbanja abasukka mu bukadde 43 babanja omuli ssente z'abayizi ezibalirirwamu doola z'obuwumbi obusukka mu 1,7,39 mu 2023-24. Gavumenti y'empandika eya direct Loans (ebalina obunene era nga si ya buwangwa), era PLUS ewansi ensawo ensawo ensaanyezza omuzaawe gw'essente ezisukka mu obuwumbi 50 doola z'Amerika, obuwumbi. Mu ssente ezifunibwa n'ekiso ebibanja ebiweebwayo eri abantu okusonyiwa, gavumenti zireebireetera abaana okuteekawo obuwumbi bwa ddoola z'obuwumbi obusukka mu mwaka.

Okuyigirizibwa okw’Enjawulo

Alipoota z'essomero ziwa obukakafu nti abaana abali mu bulema bajja kuweebwa obuyigirize bwa bonna obwa bwereere. Alipoota z'essomero ziteekwa okukola ebirowoozo eby'enjigiriza ebya nnamuziga (IEP) eri buli muyizi, okuteekateeka obujjanjabi obw'omulembezo, oba ebifo eby'okusumya abaana abali mu bisenge. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti abayizi abawereddeko obulema obukadde 7.5 bafuna obuwagizi obwa waggulu. Okusobola okufuna obukajja obw'ennono, bakyalira ku kitongole ky'Enjigiriza.

fundikira

(Bw'otegeera amanyangu mu bulamu obwa bulijjo) okuyitira mu byokulabirako ebya bulijjo ebikwata ku misolo egifunibwa) n'ebifo by'eby'amagye okusobola okulongoosa amateeka n'ebbanja ly'empewo n'eby'omuyizi) biwa b'ebiwandiiko nga bino, kiraga engeri gye biri eby'amaanyi engeri z'obufuzi ez'omu nteeko. Amasaza gano tegakoma; geeyisa mu mateeka, okulambula, n'okukajjanjabya kwa bantu. Nga beekenneenya engeri z'obuyinza obwa nnamba ezifuga, abantu bayinza okusiima obulungi emiganyulo gyago n'obutebenkenkevu, era ne byeyongera okuteeka mu nnyiikitoko mu ku kukkakkakkaatiriza obuwamu n'obutebenkenkevu. Ebyokulabirako ebisaahuliddwa wano bye bimu ku ntandikwa y'obulamu, okubuuka mu nsonga z'emitendera, n'empalango egikugirwako, era n'empala n'empala n'empala y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'eyaga okugaba.