Eddembe ly’Etteeka okwetooloola Ensi: Okunoonyereza Okufaananako Okulyawo

Ekiragiro ekya Post- World War II, nga 'LW' Etteeka ek'oku mitwe (1949) ne ssemateeka wa Japan (1947), kyassa essira ku kitiibwa ky'abantu era ne kigaana entalo. Ekyasa ekya 20 nakyo kyamanyiira eddembe eriva ku nkolagana n'eby'enfuna mu mawanga amapya ageetongodde, naddala mu Afirika ne Asiya. Leero, enkaayaanalukuka yeeyongera bwe ziba nga z'enkwaze oba nga buli ggwanga lirina obuwangwa oba nga lirina obuwangwa.

Ebika Ebisinga Obukulu eby’Ekiruubirirwa kya Amateeka

Obusobozi bw'amateeka busobola okusaasaanyizibwa mu biwayi ebitali bimu. Wadde nga tebuli buli kimu, ebika bino ebiddako bimanyiddwa mu demokulase eza demokulase ez'omu kiseera kino:

• Okusumulula Ebibiina
• Eddembe ly’Obwannamunigina
• Eddembe ly’Enfuna n’Eby’Eby’Enfuna
• Eddembe ly’Ennansi
• Eddembe ly’Okukumba Empolozi oba ery’Ekibiina

Okusumulula Ebibiina

Eddembe likuuma abantu okuva ku gavumenti okuteebwa. Ddembe lino lizingiramu eddembe ly'okwogera, ery'okukuŋŋaana awamu, ery'eddiini, ery'okukuba mu mpapula z'amawulire n'ery'okwegamma.

Ekiragiro kya Bugirimaani kiwa olukalala lwa ' olw'ekitiibwa ky'abantu nga tekigonjoolebwa, era kooti y'efuga ekitongole kya Bugirimaani ereeseewo etteeka ek'enneyisa yabwe ku ddembe ly'okwemalirira. Okwawukana ku mateeka agakwata ku ngeri y'okwefuga. Ku ebyo, enzijjuvu eya tteeka lya China ekkirizibwa mu mateeka okusobola okwogera awatali kuwalirizibwa era n'emitindo egya "emitindo gy'enkola ku nsonga za kampuni ez'ekiwabuzi gireereze."

Eddembe ly’Obwannamunigina

Empisa z'eby'obufuzi zisobozesa abatuuze okwenyigira mu bufuzi bw'ensi yaabwe: eddembe ery'okulonda, okukiikirira ekifo, n'okutandikawo ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi. Obusobozi buno bukuumibwa bulungi mu nkola za demokulase gamba nga United Kingdom, Buyindi, ne South Africa. Okwawukana ku bufuzi obwannakyemalira nga mu bukiika kkono wa Korea oba Saudi Arabiya, obukyasi obufuga gavumenti z'abantu zikugira nnyo abantu okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.

Ne mu matwale ga demokulase, eddembe ly'eby'obufuzi liyinza okwolekagana n'okusoomooza nga okunyigiriza abalonde, okukugira oba okukugira ebiwandiiko bya kampeyini. International of Civil Rights ne Political Rights likola olukalala ku ntegeka za gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezikwata ku ntegeka za gavumenti.

Eddembe ly’Enfuna n’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Ebitundu bya Nordic gamba nga Sweden, Norway, ne Finland biteeka eddembe ly'abantu mu kifo ekisooka okuyitira mu mateeka n'amateeka agagobererwa. Ekiragiro kino kitwaliramu eddembe ly'obwenkanya mu bantu lya kkooti z'amateeka era ne libakwasisa, gamba ng'eddembe ery'okuddaabiriza obujjanjabi mu nsi ezaavu.

Eddembe ly’Ennansi

Ekiragiro kya Ecuador ekya 2008 kye kyasooka okuwa abantu eddembe ery'envuma mu nsi yonna.Naw’omu Bolivia ku ddembe lya Mother Earth nakyo kitwalibwa nti mu Bulaaya, Convention on Human Rights, enneekwano y'enkola ey'okukuuma obutonde.

Okukuŋŋaanya Entegeka za Kristo n’Ekiwandiiko

Ekiragiro kya Canada Cateerater of Rights and Dreafly ky'eraga eddembe erifuga abo abali mu ggwanga eryo, ate ssemateeka wa Buyindi akkiriza obusosoze mu by'enjigiriza ne mu mirimu gy'eggwanga.

Okugeraageranya Enkizo z’Ebigambo Emitala w’Amawanga

Okusobola okunnyonnyola enjawulo eriwo mu ddembe ly'enkola, twekenneenye ensi eziwerako mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Engeri buli ggwanga gye lifaananamu eraga ebyafaayo byalyo eby'enjawulo n'enteekateeka z'ebyobufuzi.

Amerika

Ekiragiro kino kissaawo olukalala lw'amateeka ga Amereka olukwata ku ddembe ly'abantu okuyitira mu Bill of Rights era n'okukyusaamu ebirala. Olukalala lw'amateeka olw'okunaafuga olufuga entegeka lukuuma enjonjooza y'abantu. Olukalala olw'okusooka lukuuma enjogera, eddiini, okukuba olukuŋŋaana, n'okwegayirizaamu; olukuuti z'okubiri luwagidde eddembe ery'okukwata ku mikono. Olwo ate olukalala olw'e 14 olw'okuwereza olumu lukakasa obukuumi bwenkana. Kyokka, wabaawo obutakkaawukaanya ku ntegeka eddembe erya bulijjo. Nga okuggyamu ebbokisi oba okuggyamu etteeka eriri mu , kireewandikiro kya Jackson’Ow Health Organization , era nga kifuga empagiro, era nga boogera ku mikutu gya ddembe eri mu bantu. U.S.S.

Bugirimaani

Etteeka ery'enjawulo ery'omu Bugirimaani lissa ekitiibwa mu bantu. Liwa abantu eddembe ly'obuntu, eddembe ly'eby'obufuzi, n'eddembe ly'abantu mu kifo eky'okudduuka. Kkooti ya Federal Constitution erikola kinene nnyo mu kukakasa nti eddembe ly'omuntu liba lya nkomeredde, era emirundi mingi lituukagana n'ebigendererwa bya bantu. Bugirimaani ewagidde ddala enkola y'eddembe ly'obuntu mu Bulaaya, nga mw'otwalidde ne European Convention on Human Rights.

Buyindi

Ekiragiro ekya Buyindi (1950) kirimu empandika enseera ey'enkomeredde ekkirizibwa, era ne directive Principles of State Policy (Party IV) ewa obulagirizi gavumenti naye nga tekkirizibwa kkooti. Eddembe lya bantu, gamba ng'eddembe ery'okwogera n'eddiini, likuumibwa, naye emyaka mitono egiyise ebintu ebikwata ku ddembe ery'okunnyiikiriza oba okumenya amateeka. Kkooti esinga obukulu egaziyizza eddembe ly'okusala emisango, n'okutaputa eddembe ery'obulamu okugatta eddembe ly'okubeera mu bantu bokka era n'embeera ennongoofu.

South Africa

Ekiragiro kino kikuza gavumenti ya South Africa (1996) olw'enkola yaakyo ey'enjawulo eya CGB ey'endebeera, nga kisobozesa abantu okubaamu eddembe ly'obuntu, ery'eby'obufuzi, ery'eby'enfuna, n'ez'obutonde. Kkooti eyo ewagidde abantu okukolagana n'eby'enfuna, gamba ng'eddembe ery'okusula mu Grootboom[ omusango. Kyokka, obusosoze n'obwavu bikendeddewo ku ddembe ly'okusula.

China

Ssemateeka w'eggwanga lya China akuuma eddembe ppitirivu nnyingi, naye mu nkola Parti Ekika ky'Abakomunisiti mu China kirina obuyinza bungi ku bigambo, okukuŋŋaana n'eddiini. Omusango tegulina kye gukolawo, era eddembe ly'obuntu likendeezebwa ku bigendererwa bya gavumenti. Ebibiina by'eby'eddembe ly'abantu mu nsi yonna emirundi mingi biraga okumenyebwa etteeka ng'okusibibwa mu kkomera n'okukeberebwa.

Brazil

Kkooti ya Kakiiko Akakulu akafuga Obukiiko Obukulu ewa gavumenti ya Brazil (Federal Court) ewa obuyinza ku nsonga z'eby'obujjanjabi, naddala okuyitira mu busobozi obw'okulambula obujjanjabi. Entegeka z'obutonde nazo zicaase nnyo, naye abakwasisa amateeka tebasobola kutema matabi na kulya nguzi.

Ekitundu Ekikola ku Ddembe ly’Obuntu mu Nsi Yonna

Endagaano ezikolebwa mu nsi yonna zikolaganira wamu n’eddembe ly’amateeka.

• Ekirangiriro ky’Eddembe ly’Abantu mu UDHR Obufuzi Kiri mu Buwandiike – 1948
• Endagaano ey’Ensi Yonna ekwata ku Ddembe ly’Obuntu n’Ery’Eby’obufuzi
• Amawanga gonna gakkiriziganya ku ddembe ly'obuntu n'ery'okufuga ebika – 1966
• Ebitongole: Olukiiko lw’e Bulaaya ku Ddembe ly’Abantu, Ekiwandiiko ky’Omu Afirika ku Ddembe ly’Abantu, Olukiiko lw’Amerika ku Ddembe ly’Abantu
• Olukuŋŋaana olw’Okuggyawo Obusosoze mu Ngeri Zonna eri Abakazi (CEDAW)
• Olukuŋŋaana ku Ddembe ly’Omwana (CRC)

Ekirangiriro ky'Eddembe ly’Abantu mu UNICEF

Olukiiko lw'Amawanga Amagatte oluyitibwa UDHR, olwatongozebwa Olukiiko lw'Akakiiko Ennene olw'Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte mu 1948, lulaga eddembe ly'abantu ekkulu ery'okukuumibwa mu nsi yonna. Wadde nga terikkirizibwa mu mateeka, lwo lusimbye tteeka erikwata ku mateeka g'amawanga mangi n'endagaano ez'ensi yonna.

Endagaano ey’Ensi Yonna ekwata ku ddembe ly’Obuntu n’Ery’eby’obufuzi

Amawanga gakkiriza okussa omukono ku mateeka okuwa bannabyabufuzi n'obusobozi bw'eggwanga, nga mw'otwalidde n'eddembe ery'obulamu, eddembe ery'okwogera, okuwozesebwa mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya, n'obutunzi. Gateekawo akakiiko akalabirira eddembe ly'obuntu, akatuula ku kakiiko akawandiisibwa ente era kasobola okuwulira ebirango bya buli muntu kinnoomu wansi w'Omuteesitendo gw'okusooka. Amawanga mangi gatadde essira ku ddembe eriva mu ssississimu nga gateesitemu eddembe lyabwe.

Amawanga gonna gakkiriza endagaano ekwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu n'ery'okufuga mu nsi yonna

Kampuni eyitibwa ICECR essa essira ku ddembe ly'okukola, ery'obuyigirize, ery'okujjanjaba era n'ery'okulongoosa. Galina okulagira ebiteeso "okutuuka ku ntegeka z'eby'obugagga" okusobola okutuukiriza obukwasiddwa obwo. Akakiiko akakwata ku ntegeka z'eby'enfuna, ez'ekiwandikiro n'eby'obufuzi kalina okugobereza obukwasiddwawo. ICESCR ke kaakozese mu kukyusa eddembe ly'abantu mu mateeka mu mawanga agakyakula.

Bayiiya eby’Okukakaatika Enkolagana Ennungi n’Amateeka

Okuba n’eddembe ku mpapula tekimala; enkola ezigobereza abantu ku bintu bye bakola ziraga nti bikola bulungi.

• [[NKUMBO]] Okukebera [[[KATANDIKA:1] – kkooti ziyinza okumenya amateeka agamenya amateeka agafuga tteeka
• Kkooti z’amateeka oba kkooti enkulu ezirina obutongole obukola ku ddembe ly’obuntu
• Ebitongole ebikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu (ambudman, era n'ebitongole ebigaba eddembe ly'obuntu)
• Okusikiriza abantu
• Okwemulugunya okuva ku mateeka kuyinza okusikirizibwa butereevu mu kkooti y'amateeka

Amawanga agalina obukungu mu by'amateeka nga Bugirimaani, Buyindi, ne South Africa, gasobodde okukaka obusobozi bw'amateeka mu nsi nga Russia oba Venezuela.

Obuzibu mu Kukuuma Enkolagana n’Enkizo

Wadde nga gavumenti zaateekawo amateeka agafuga ensi, ensi nnyingi zisanga obuzibu mu kukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu.

• Gavumenti Enyanguyiriza era Ekozesa Obufuzi
• Obusosoze n’obusosoze
• Obulyi bw’enguzi n’obutabaako musango
• Enteekateeka za disitulikiti ezinafu
• Ebbanja ly’eby’enfuna n’ebbula ly’eby’obugagga
• Ebintu eby’akabi ennyo: tekinologiya, enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde, n’endwadde

Okuyingira Gavumenti mu Buwanguzi n’Okuwa Obuwi Obuwi bwa Bukulembeze

Mu nsi nnyingi, gavumenti ziyinza okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti, ne zityo ne zigoberera enkola z'eggwanga.Emmesegina, amateeka agakwata ku buvubuka, ne gavumenti ezifuga abantu tezisobola kufuga gavumenti, ziremesezza gavumenti okuba nga zigoberera amateeka ga demokulase.

Okusosola n’Obusosoze

Obusosoze obusibuka ku langi, ku buwangwa, ku buwangwa, ku by'okwetaba, ku ddiini, oba ku nkula y'abantu buleetera abantu obutakkirizibwa mu mateeka.

Obulyi bw’Enguzi n’Obuteevunaanibwa

Obulyi bw'enguzi mu bibiina bya gavumenti busobola okulemesa abakungu obutabaako musango gwa kugoberera mateeka. Abakungu bwe batabalirwa, tebbonerezebwa. Omusango ogufuga emitindo gy'amateeka guba tegubonerezebwa. Ekiragiro kino 'World Judge''' Kiwa olukalala lw'amateeka Index[ bulijjo kiraga nti ensi ezibadde n'obulyi bw'enguzi obw'amaanyi tezissaamu kitiibwa kikulu nnyo.

Enkola y’Okusala Omusango mu Bunafu

Mu nsi ezifugibwa gavumenti, gye bawalirizibwa okwenyigira mu ntalo, oba gye babaako bye bawawaabirako, abantu tebasobola kuwakanya ddembe lyabwe ery’okwambuka ku mateeka.

Ebizibu by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Ennamba z'abantu n'eby'enfuna byetaagisa okusaasaanya ssente nnyingi. Amawanga agalina omutuuze omutono gayinza okuzibuwalirwa okulabirira ebiwangwa, eby'enjigiriza, oba okuteekawo amayumba. Ne bwe kiba nti eddembe erya tteeka liteekeddwa ku nsonga z'ekika kya gavumenti lirina okukkirizibwa, kkooti ziteekwa okuteekawo ebbeeyi n'enkukannyi mu by'enfuna.

Ebirala Ebiri ku Ddiini Ebiri ku Ddaala: Eddembe n’Ekyokulabirako

Ekiragiro kino kiwa abantu eddembe eritali limu ery'okwerabirwa. Ekiragiro kino kiwa emboozi ezikwata ku manya ga data, obwenkanya, n'eddembe ku Intaneeti nga byeyongera okukozesebwa mu mateeka. eddembe ery'okwerabirwa[ era ne kiremerwa mu kkooti ya Bulaaya ekola eby'obwenkanya. Ekiragiro kya Brazil’s Marco Civil da Internet kiragirawo obukuumi n'obukuumi mu nsonga z'eby'okwerinda. Ensi ezimu, nga South Korea ne India, zikkiriza obweganzi obwa obwa obwa obwa obwa nnannyini ku mikutu gya kompyuta. Kyokka, programu za gavumenti zitera okuwakanya obukwakuliriza ebizigizibwa mu nkola bino.

Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Eddembe ly’Essaddaaka

Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'obudde zileetedde amawanga okulowooza nti ensibuko y'enkola y'obutonde bweyongedde.

Okusangikanya kwa maanyi wakati wa kkooti z'omu maka ne bukiiko bw'ensi yonna, gamba nga European Court of Human Rights. Ekiragiro kya 'UN Rights' n'ebitundu ebikola endagaano byeyongera okuwa obulagirizi, naye okugobereza obukulembezi ku mateeka kisigala mu mikono gy'eggwanga.