Ekintu eky’Embeera Ennungi mu Kiseera ky’Okutimbirira: Nnina Omutindo Ogutazitoowereddwa

Obusobevu obuliwo wakati w'okwegakka ebibye ku bubwe oba okulabibwa kwa kampuni bukolebwako. Buli kukkaanya, okunoonyereza, n'ekikuutira, biyamba okumanya ebintu ebiyinza okukuŋŋaanyizibwa, okwekenneenyezebwa, era nga bikozesebwa.[1] Emirundi egisinga obungi abasomesa n'abayizi okutegeera enkuudo z'amateeka ezikuuma obukuumibwa ku muntu kinnoomu si kye buyigirize obusookerwako; kikulu nnyo omuntu okwenyigira mu bulamu bw'abantu kinnoomu. Ekitundu kino kiraga ensibuko y'enkola y'ekitebe ekikulu ey'enkola y'ebigisibwa mu kkooti enkulu ekoze ku nnyinnyonnyola ennyinnyonnyola z'omulembe era n'okunoonyereza ku bizibu ebireetebwa bannasayansi abakessi.

Ekiragiro kino bwe kigenda kyeyongera okukola enkola ez'enjawulo, n'okuteekawo enkola ezikukwatako, enkola ez'enjawulo zeeyongera okukolebwako. Enkola z'okulabirako bwe zeeyongera okukolebwa, enkiiko z'eby'obusuubuzi, eby'obusuubuzi, n'eddembe omuntu kinnoomu bye byetaaga. Okumanya eddembe lyo wansi wa akataano, ne mu mpagi z'amateeka nga zikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, era n'engeri kkooti gye zikuwaddemu eby'okwekuumisa n'okuyigiriza abalala.

Enjigiriza ez’Ebyafaayo ez’Eddembe ly’Obwannamunigina

Obukuumi mu mateeka ga Amerika tebwakulaakulanyizibwa mu ngeri entegeke obulungi. Endowooza eyo yamanyibwa nnyo mu kitundu ekyafulumira mu mpandiika y'amateeka mu 1890 Harvard Law Review, eya Samuel Warren ne Louis Brandeis, abaannyonnyola obwama nga “obusobozi obw'okweyama.” Ekitundu ekyo kyayanukula mu lupapula lw'amawulire olumu olulaga ebifa ku bantu, ne mu bya tekinologiya ebirala nga kamera. Leero, omusingi gwe gumu gusobererwa ku bikorebwa eby'amaanyi.

Ebiragiro Ebiziyiza Ebyamaguzi

Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti okuteebwa kw'amateeka okw'okubiri kukugira abantu okuseesa obusa n'okukwatibwa kabugwe. Ekirabo eky'okutaano kikuuma abantu obutakwatibwa buswaze. Ekirabo eky'okutaano kikuuma obutawalirizibwa nga tekiwalirizibwa kweyingiza mu nsonga ezizingiramu empapula n'obumanyirizo obwa kompyuta. Olukalala lwa Ninth Ekiragiro kitujjukiza nti okuteebwa kw'eddembe ly'obuntu tekitegeeza nti abantu bafiirwa bannaabwe nga mw'otwalidde n'ekyamabanga ge baba bali bokka.

Enkyukakyuka zino zaawandiikibwa dda nnyo nga Internet tennaba kutandika, naye kkooti zigamba nti emisingi gyazo emikulu gikola ku tekinologiya omupya. Nkuko kkooti enkulu bwe yakyetegereza mu Katz n'olunyiriri lw'omu Amerika[ (67), omukutu ogw'okuna ogw'okuna ogw'okumiliririzaamu gukuuma abantu so si ebifo.

Omuteende Ogwa Kuna: Okunoonyereza n’Okutasaana

Olupapula lw'amawulire oluyitibwa The Fourth Amend lugamba: “Eddembe ly’abantu ery’okukuumibwa mu bantu baabwe, mu mayumba gaabwe, mu mpapula, ne mu bivaamu, okunoonyereza oba okukwatibwa embuyaga tekulimenyebwa.” Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, Kkooti Enkulu yaleetawo okugezesa “okweroboza obwa nnannyini obwamaddala” okusobola okumanya ddi gavumenti lw'ejja.

Kino kiyamba mu kunoonya eby'amasimu ne mu kukozesa ebyuma ebiwugula nga bikozesa kompyuta. Kyllo v. (2001]), kkooti yagamba nti okukozesa ekintu eky'omulembe ogusobozesa obusawo okumanya omukka oguva munda mu nnyumba kinoonya. Tekinologiya alaga buli munda w'ennyumba nga tewali agiyingira yeetaaga bukakafu.

Omuteeso Ogwaweebwa n’Ekiruubirirwa Ebitannaggibwawo

Ekitongole ekyo kiwa obukakafu nti amateeka tegasobola kufuga ggwanga, naye era nti okugattulula tekusaanidde kutwalibwa ng'okugaana oba okusosola abalala.” Kino kyeyolekera mu balamuzi abagamba nti Amateeka gakuuma eddembe erisinga ku lyaliwo nga limu n'ery'ekyama. Wadde nga okugakyusa tekutera kuba nga kye kisinziirwako kusalawo, kunyweza ndowooza nti obwama bwa buli muntu si kintu ekyakolebwa mu kiseera kino naye nga kirimu eddembe ery’amaanyi.

Mu [[NT:0] Griswold v. Connecticut [1965], kkooti yatongoza etteeka eryali ligaana enkola ey'okweziyiza okuzaala, era n'esangamu nti “enkyukakyuka” okuva mu mateeka agasooka, ag'okusatu, ag'okutaano, ag'okutaano, n'ag'okutaano, aga Ninth gaba nga gaayamba mu kusalawo kwa buli muntu kinnoomu.

Emisango Egyakyusa Etteeka Ery’Obwannannyini mu Kkooti Ennyo

Kkooti esinga obukulu ezze ennyonnyola engeri amateeka agakwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga z’abantu gye gakola ku mbeera ezizzeewo.

[[AGUZI:0]Griswold v.Connecticut[[:1] (1865) – Ebyamakulu mu bufumbo

Ensonga eyagwa mu nsonga y'e Connecticut eyamenya enkola ey'okweziyiza okuzaala n'etteeka erikwata ku kuzaala. Kkooti enkulu yasala 7-2 nti etteeka lyamenyese obwannannyini mu bufumbo. Omulamuzi William O. Douglas, nga yawandiikiriza abasinga obungi, yagamba nti ebiwandiiko ebikakafu mu Bill of Rights birina empango eza “teewandiika muntu yenna.” Omusango gwawa obukakafu nti gavumenti teyinza kweyingiza nsalaze ezisinga obungi ezikoleddwa mu bufumbo.

[[Akawayiro:0]Katz v. Amerika[[AK'AWULA] [[:1] [1967] – Kiteeberezebwa kya kyamakulirwa okukola ku fayiro eza kika kya kompyuta

Charles Katz yasingisibwa omusango ogw'okukuba zzaala mu bukyamu nga beeyambisa obujulizi obwaweebwa ba FBI, eyateeka ebigambo mu kifo ekyabweru awalala amasimu. Kkooti Esingirayo ddala yakyusa endowooza eyo nga bagamba nti olukunkumuli lw'ebitundu 4 lukuuma abantu so si ebifo. Kkooti eyo yakola ekigezo eky'emirundi ebiri ekikyewaanyezza: omuntu ateekwa okuba nga yeesigazza obwamaguzi, era ng'abantu bateekwa okuba nga basuubira nti buli kimu kye basobola okutegeera.

[[Akawayiro:0] Roe v. [[AK'AWULA] [[:1] (1973) – Ekirabo Kitali kya busige

Wadde nga kimanyiddwa nnyo olw'okuggyamu embuto, Roe v. Wade era yakakasiza ddala nti amateeka gakkiriza okusalawo okw'ekyama ku muntu kinnoomu okutuuka ku kusalawo kw'omukazi okukomya olubuto. Kkooti yakizuula nti omutemwa gwa SSEST Procesment Claus ow'okunaana mu kkumi na kkumi na nkumi gukuuma eddembe ly'okweraga ku nsonga ezikwata ku maka n'okuzaala abaana.

[[AK'AWULA] LAWREnce v. Texas (2003) – Episa ez'omu kiwandike

Kkooti ya Texas yatongoza etteeka eryaleetera ekiragiro okuzza obukaba ku mutindo gw'obukaba. Omulamuzi Anthony Kennedy yagamba nti, gavumenti teyinza kunyooma okubeerawo oba okufuga enneeyisa y'abantu nga bayita bennyini. Ebbeetu, ensonga yakyewaawo teziraga nti omuntu bw'aba nga yeeyisa mu ngeri ey'obugwenyufu.

[[AGUMENTI][[AK'AWULA][[:1]] (2017) – Kiraga ekikolebwako nga kiwandikawo ebibazi n'ebifo

Mu kkooti enkulu eyasalawo ku mikutu gya kompyuta, kkooti enkulu yasalawo nti gavumenti erina okufuna olukusa okuwandiika ku buwandiike obw'ebyafaayo ku ssimu.Timothy Carpert yasingirwa omusango gw'obubbi okusinziira ku ebyo ebyasalibwanga ku ssimu ye. Kkooti eyo yagamba nti abantu basuubira nti ebintu byonna ebibakwatako nga basinziira ku bujulizi obubaweebwa mu buwandiike obwa waggulu ku materekero g'obutoffaali ne ku ngeri gye basobola okuwandiika ebikwata ku bulamu bw'omuntu, era nti okuwandiika ebitabo ebyo ebiwandikirwa ku ku ku ku kukyusakyusa kwa disitulikiti 4 eby'obuko.

Emisango gino giwa obukakafu obwa bulijjo: tekinologiya bw'enkola n'obukonko nga efuuka enkyukakyuka, n'enkola z'amateeka zigoberera amateeka okusobola okukuuma ebyamaguzi.

Emirimu gy’Omu Kiseera Kyaffe n’Ebitabo by’Amateeka Gaabwe

Leero, gavumenti, ebibiina ebikola emirimu gya gavumenti, abantu kinnoomu, n'obunene bw'ebifo ebirala bingi nnyo. Wansi n'obunene bw'ennene obwa bulijjo biba tebibangako n'obubonero obw'enjawulo. Wansi ne sipiidi eza bulijjo.[1]smartphone, ezoogezi abagezi abalungi, empandika eziyunga ku mmotoka ne emmotoka eziyunga ku mukutu, zisobola okukola ku nkola y'okulambula ebizingirwamu.

Emiwendo gya Gavumenti

Ebitongole ebikola ku by'obukungu gamba nga National Security Agency (NSA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), ne Department of Homeland Security (DHS) bikozesa engeri ezitali zimu ez'okulabirako.

  • Ekiragiro kino kikuŋŋaanya ebitundu bya meta-data – ebiwandiko ebya empapula z'ebitundu eby'ebitundu mu nyiri eyo ne intaneti eza Internet, mu bisengekedwa ebitundu ebya meta-data mu ngeri y'emu n'ebyo ebyayawululwa mu programu eza Edward Snowden mu 2013.
  • [[Act:0] Okuwugula oba okukubira bbugwe mu kiwandikiro oba mu kompyuta – obwawandiisibwa wansi wa Bucukuke Obusinga Obulungi Surveillance Act (FISA), naye ebikweraliikiriza byeyongera ku kyekubiira.
  • Ekiragiro kino kikebera nnyo ebifa ku ssimu ne ssimu. Ekiragiro bwe kikebera kompyuta kibala nti ebizimbe ebyayokebwa bisobola okulaba ebifo ebikulu we bikoma. Amasimu aga kompyuta bwe gatyo gasobola okuzuula obubaka obw'amasimu, kigeza okuzuula ebifa ku sistemu endala nga bwe gabadde.
  • [[NKULA] Ekiragiro kikebera ebiva ku mikutu gy'amannya[[[NKULU:1] – PRODUCTT - Ekiragiro kino oluusi kikebera ebifa ku bannabyabuguzi. Ebiragiro by'emboozi ebisooka ebireetebwa mu department birina amakulu mangi.

Gavumenti emirundi mingi egamba nti programu zino za mugaso nnyo okusobola okukuuma eggwanga. Abavumirira, nga mw'otwalidde ne American Civil Libersions Union (ACLU), bagamba nti okulambula obulango obuvaako obutuufu ku kusalawo okw'okubiri okumenya amateeka agafuga enne.

Ebirala Ebikwata ku Bukiiko bw’Amakanisa

Kampuni eza kyama zikuŋŋaanya ebintu bingi ebiba bizuuliddwa okusobola okulanga ebizimbe ebikolerwamu, okuvumbula ebintu ebitali bimu, n’okukola obukugu mu ngeri eyo.

  • [[:0]] Kasa apps[[=KY'OKUKOLA] – contikops, dikkup, obuwanvu bw'empandika ez'omumunwe kizikkiriza kampuni ez'okusengeka ebikwata ku mikutu n'ebiragiro byazo.
  • [[AK:0] Obusangiro [[[KATANDIKWA:1] – Apps zitera okuleetera ekiragiro okuzuula ekifo ekikikwasibwa akawayiro aka 't'.
  • [[:0] Ebintu ebigabana n'okubitunda[ – data eya bulijjo egulibwa bannabizineesi nga tebamanyi.
  • [[:0] Okukuuma omulimu wo okuzigyako ebizingirwamu[ – Preachers access, trakets, neeyividiyo, oba eby'oku kompyuta biyamba mu kuyingiza ebibuuzo ebikwata ku mbeera za bannakyewa.

Ekiragiro kino tekirina mateeka ga kyamasaza ga Amerika agayinza okugeraageranyizibwa ne GDPR mu Bulaaya. California Consumerkhonshial Act (CCPA) n'amateeka agamu ag'omu nsi eyo gawa obukuumi naye okugobererwa tekukwatagana. Exlectronic Frocential Foundation [FLD)[FL:1] kiwagira eddembe erisingako obwamaguzi n'okulaalaalaala.

Ebirabo by’Okwawula ku Balala n’Eddembe ly’Okwawukanira Ddala

Kamera mu bifo ebya lukale, nga mw'otwalidde enjawulo z'ebidduka, n'enguudo, byeyongera obungi. Kamera ez'okulambula ebizigibwa ku mabbali, enkola ey'okumanya amaaso, ne kamera ez'oku mu maaso, ebya poliisi bikolamu obulawudi obusobola okuleetera abalaguzisa okubeera n'okweyisa mu ngeri ekkirizibwa. Kkooti enkulu tennasalawo obanga obubaka obwa vidiyo bukkirizibwa mu bantu busobola okumenya amateeka. Kyokka, Carenter

Enteekateeka z'obwenkanya era zireeseewo ebitiibwa. Buli lw'oyogera oba olukuŋŋaana lwogerwa nga lusobola okukakasibwa n'okukeberebwa, obusobozi bw'okuwakanya oba okutegeka nga tewesasuddewo, era nga bweyonooneka. Ekitongole Brennan Center for Justice[ kiwa obukakafu ku ngeri abantu gye batwalamu enjawulo ey'omu maaso nga bagoberera amateeka n'engeri gye bakwatibwako mu ku langi.

Entegeka Yo n’obukuumi obw’Omuganyulo

Okutegeera amateeka ga Katonda kye kintu ekisooka ky’olina okukola, era ekiddako kikuyamba obutamala gakukuuma ng’oli wekka.

Okutegeera Eddembe Lyo bwe Liba nga Litunyiizizza

Kampuni ezikola ku bantu kinnoomu tezifugibwa butereevu Mateeka ga Kkaadi, naye amateeka nga Entekoofons Communics Act (ECPA) ne ssemateeka wa gavumenti bissaawo ekkomo.

  • [[Act:0] Olina obuyinza okusirika.[[AK'OMUKITO] Tolina kuddamu bubuuza bibuuzo nga totaddeko kwemanyisa mu mbeera ezimu (kwe kugamba, obyesigamizza ku mateeka g'ensi).
  • [[AKM:0] Olina obuyinza okugaana okusemba. Singa poliisi tebaamu kiragiro era singa wabaawo obutakola bwe wabadde obadde osuubira, tegeeza: “Sikkiriza kunoonyereza.”
  • [[AKATANDIKWA] Olina obwannannyini eri munnamateeka.[[AK'AMU] Bw'oba owandiisa ekiragiro nga wabaawo okubuuzibwa ebibuuzo, olukalala olw'okutaano n'olw'omukaaga lukakasa nti ekiragiro kitongozebwa mu mateeka.

Ekiragiro bwe kiba kifuna nga kikola ku disikitiki, ebiragiro ebyo bibaako nga bikyaliwo. California v. [2014] (2014, kkooti enkulu yasalawo nti poliisi y'eby'etandiikibwa okunoonyereza ebiba ku ssimu ekwatiddwa. Obubonero obwo busobola n'obulala.

Okukozesa Ebintu Ebiri Ebyakwekebwa

Tekinologiya assa ekitiibwa mu bintu ebikuumibwa omuntu by'aba tamanyi akozesa, asobola okukendeeza ku budde obuba buli wamu bw'aba alaba ebiba by'oyogerako.

  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Obukozesa nnyunzi ez'omu nviromenti ezitakkirizibwa ku bantu bokka[[NNN]] – ako koppeesaamu indagiriro za yo eza Internet era koppi ya IP yo efikke ku mikutu gya intaneeti ne ISP.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Apps [[[AGUMENTI:1] – akabonero, 'App' oba 'aka '-', ekiragiro n'obubonero ekiragiro bwe kiwandika kiwandika kiwandika mu mpandika eya bulijjo.'
  • [[NKULA] Privvus Buno obuwayiro buleetera ekiragiro okuteekako essira ku bye kiwandiika n'engera ku biyingizibwa[ – Firefox Kano ko bw'oteekako n'ebiwandiiko ebigoberera enkola eya Rounded Refizet, Brave, oba Tor Studip okuzibirako empany'ebubonero.
  • [[AK'AKYONGERA] Abakola ku Bitabo ebirengo eby'okubuuza ekiragiro ekikongojja eby'okumalako ekigambo eky'omu mpandika eya bulijjo [ - Kino kiyamba nga akawayiro kano kaleetera ekiragiro obutateekako data ey'omu nviromenti eya bulijjo ku by'okuwandika ebireetebwawo.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Bw'obaako koppi ez'envvumbo eza appet[ – ku ssimu yo, koppi za apps kizisobozesa okutuuka wa, kamera, akamera, akanombe, oba obuwayiro obukolera awamu ne but'awunzi ez'enjawulo.

Ebintu ebyo tebisobola kukuumibwa, wabula bikozesebwa mu kukuuma ebintu era ne bitakuŋŋaanyizibwa bintu bingi.

Okutegeera Obulungi Ebiri mu Kigambo n’Okukiwagira

Amateeka n'ebiragiro bya kkooti eby'ekyama bikyuka mu bwangu. Ebibiina nga EKYP] Foundation [[FU:1], ACLU], ne 'Scazard Resources Subreasesting House bikuyamba okunywerera ku mateeka amakulu, nga bwe kiba kiteeberezebwa amateeka aga Amerika aga amabanga g'ekika ekya bulijjo ne kigootaanya enkola y'okwerinda mu kifo ekya [ADPPA], era nga kikuvumirira nnyo. Okutegeeza ababa bakiikirira bo n'okulonda ku nsonga ezikwata ku kyamaguzi kinnaazo kiyinza okubaako kye kikola ku ddembe eriwo mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Obuyigirize Buyamba mu Kukuuma Ebiseera eby’Okubeera Wekka

Abasomesa balina ekifo eky’enjawulo ekinaasobozesa omulembe ogujja okutegeera n’okuwagira eddembe ly’okusomera awamu amateeka.

Ebiragiro eby’Okuyigiriza Eddembe Ery’Okweyama

  • [[NKULA:0] Era '[[[KATANDIKWA:1]] – abaana basoma bufunze obwa [[[KITONDE:2] KATLL[[[KALT:3], [[FLT]]] Akabereberter[[, ne Ekiragiro kitegeeza engeri ebyo ebiva mu kukolebwa gye bisobola okukwata ku nkozesa yaabwe eya tekinologiya.]
  • [[NKULULA][[NKULU] Emboozi eziriwo kati [[[NKULULA]] – Kozesa ebitundu ebifulumira ku nyunzi ebikwata ku mikutu gya data oba programu empya ez'ebitundu ebya kompyuta nga ebiba bitegekeddwa okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku butaka.
  • [[Act:0] Ebigambo n'omukutu ogw'okuna, [[[KITABO:1]] – Kolawo embeera ezinaaleetera omuyizi okusalawo obanga okunoonyereza tekuli kwa magezi, ng'agoberera omutindo ogw'okuna ogw'oku Amereka.
  • Enjigiriza ez'obutuuze ez'ekika [[[NKULU] – ebiyigirizibwa ebikolebwa mu nsonga ezikwata ku buli muntu kinnoomu: okukola ekigambo eky'amaanyi nga otegeera phishing, n'okutegeera enkola ezigobererwa mu nsonga za kyama ku muntu kinnoomu.
  • [[NKULULA] Abawagizi abangi babadde boogera ebifa ku munda [[[NKULA]] – Bamamyo, oba abakugu mu by'embalirira ebya kompyuta. Teekateeka okukyala mu kkooti z'amateeka.

Abasomesa nabo balina okukoppa enkola ennungi: okussa ekitiibwa mu bintu ebiteetaagisa, okwewala okukuŋŋaanya ebintu ebibakwatako, era n'okukozesa obusobozi bwa siteesiteesi obukkirizibwa, obw'okuyigiriza obusinze. Ago g'essomero agakugira obulango bw'enkola ez'okukebera ebiba by'empuliziganya."

Okussa Ekimu ku Bye Tumanyi ku Buyigirize Obugazi

Eddembe ly'obwannannyini si kye kintu ekigattiddwako bokka, naye era n'enkola ez'enjawulo, n'obusobozi obw'okukolagana, n'obukuumi obw'enkola ez'enjawulo. Enjigiriza ezikwata ku kulabula ku langi ziyinza okukwataganyizibwa n'ensonga ez'ekika (okulabira ddala abantu abatono mu ggwanga), okuvunaanyizibwa mu nkola ya demokulase, n'enkola ya tekinologiya mu bantu.

fundikira

Ebyamaguzi mu kyasa ekya 20 biri wansi w'okupikirizibwa gavumenti n'eby'obusuubuzi. Obukuumi obwa gwayirikiti obwateekebwawo amateeka aga namba namba namba namba z'okutaano, ennu, Ninth, ne 14th Amerekance busigala nga bwa mugaso naye bulina okukugirwa n'okulongoosebwa. Obumenyesebwa obumenyesebwa obuva ku . Grillold[[FLT]][FLD]]]Karpartent[[[][FLT]]] Kino kiraga nti kkooti zisobola okuyingiza emisingi emikulu mu bya tekinologiya empya, ate n'okumanyisa okwetooloola abantu bonna na bye beetaaga.

Abasomesa n'abayizi bwe bategeera obusobozi buno, be basooka okweyambisa. Nga bayigiriza amateeka agabakuuma obwama, nga bakubiriza eby'okwerinda ebisingako, era nga bakozesa eby'okukozesa ebigootaanyi eby'okwekweka, abantu basobola okusobola okukuuma eddembe erya n'ebbeeyi omuntu yenna ly'alina okusobola okukakasibwa. Okumanyisa abantu abeesiga obusobozi bwabwe nga ACLU, EFF, ne Brennan Center kikakasa nti ggwe n'abayizi bo musobola okuddukanya ensi erimu eby'okwerinda naye nga tekkirizza eddembe ebiwandituusibwamu pulintactal.