Table of Contents
Ekyukakyuka mu Bizibu by’Okufuna Essulo mu Japan
Ebitundu bya Japan eby'okusulamu biri mu mbeera ey'enjawulo. Ku luuyi olumu, ebigo nga 23 eby'omu kibuga nga Tokyo ebigo eby'enjawulo birimu ebbeeyi ez'enjawulo ez'ensi era nga wayinza okuba nga wayinza okuba nga walala, era nga walala, ebisaawe eby'oku lukalu bingi gamba nga Shima ne Wakayama bijjudde enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi [[FLT: 0] ebikayaya[[[FLL:1] [amayumba] agagenda geeyongera okubutyongera okubuyungibwa n'okubuyungibwa. Okugoota kw'okugenda mu byaka olw'omutindo. Okuva mu bya kabuga bino, byeyongera nnyo olw'obutebenkerevu n'eby'eby'enfuna ebigenda biggwaawo. Amayumba agaddako gayinza okukosa embeera y'eby'eby'eby'eby'enfuna ate nga gayinza okuzibwawo n'obutebe bw'eby'eby'ebyenfuna, ebiva mu kifo eky'obutebe by'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'eby'
Ebibinja by'eby'obufuzi mu Japan bye bikozesa okuteekawo amateeka. Ebitongole byabyo, okuwakana, n'enkampuni z'amateeka bikyusa butereevu engeri gye biyinza okufunibwamu obuweerero, ssente, n'amayumba. Wadde kyali kityo, amayumba gaatwalibwa ng'ekintu ekikulu mu kifo ky'okutwala obusuubuzi. Endowooza eyo etandise okusumululwa, nga ekubirizibwa okufiirwa we basula, ekizibu eky'amaanyi ekiva mu nnyumba , n'okukula kw'abaana abato abatasobola kutandika maka. Okutegeera engeri ab'ebyobufuzi mu Japan gye baasazeemu.[5]
Ebipimo Ebisinga Obukulu eby’Ebbugumu ly’Ennyumba
Abantu Baasukkirira mu Bibuga era Balulunkanira Ebintu
Tokyo kyeyongeredde ddala okweyongera ng'ensi yonna egenda ekendeera. Ebitongole 23 mu kibuga ekyo byongerako abali mu 1300,000 abava mu buwaŋŋanguse mu mwaka gwa 2015-2020 gwokka. Kino kiviirako okuvuganya okwereere wakati w'obuwaŋŋanguse. Amaka g'abakola agatali gamu mu massekati ga Tokyo gavuganya nnyo okupangisa abawangisi 760,000 oba n'okusingawo, ng'omukitundu omuva omuwendo gw'abalonga abanoonya ssente gusukka 30%. Amaka agamu n'abasinga obungi, nga mw'ogasse abakozi abatali ba mu nkula, emirundi mingi beesanga nga bafunye ebbanja eri mu bitundu ebibeeramu abantu abangi ebitegese. Ebiva mu bungi obutundutundu obwa bwa bannalunziina obwavu bungi mu kibuga ekyo.[FLD:0]
Okubeera mu Bibuga n’Enkyukakyuka Ezikwata ku Kuya
Mu 2023, Japan yalina amaka agatafiibwako: 14% ku buli nnyumba. Amayumba mangi agalimu abantu batono nnyo. Ebibuga bwe bigenda bidda mu bibuga, ebisulo ebitono ebitono bifiirwa emisolo, amasomero nga masekkati, era n'amayumba gaawerezebwamu. Omwaka gwa 2023 we gwatuukira, Japan yalina amayumba agataliiko bantu. Amayumba mangi gabadde gabeerako amayumba ga nukutaga. Amayumba ga nukutaalimu bannaago, nga kati gamaze dda okusulwako, naye nga gaweddemu ssente. Gavumenti za gavumenti tezirina kusobola kumalawo kusasula misolo gy'ebintu ebibabibibibwe. Akaya tegaakulaakulaanyewo buteeyambi bwa bulijjo. Akiya si nsonga ya maanyi; era n'amagoba obugagga bw'ensi n'eby'eby'eby'obusuubuzi ebippya ebibadde mu bitundu ebifunvubisibwa abantu.
Okukaddiwa n’Okufiirwa Emirimu Emitono egy’Okuzimba
Ekiragiro kino kimanyiddwa ng'omukutu gw'amayumba ga Japan gumala ekiseera kitono. Amaka ga Japan gamenyeseebwa oluvannyuma lw'emyaka nga 30-40, okugeraageranya 70-100 mu Bulaaya oba mu Amerika. Omujigi guno ogw'okusiiga emisolo n'okuzimba nga "" gukubirizibwa ebiragiro ebiva ku ndagiriro z'ebbanja era ne kampuni ezizimbiddwamu amagoba agava mu bbuyonjo. Amayumba ga Japan agaakula ne gakosebwako ne kikosebwa ne kibbeeyi okujjuza obunene okuzza esvunda. Ebiwayi by'eby'obufuzi by'obutunzi naye nga tebinnateekawo kaweefube okuzza obugazibwa okuzza obugazizimbulukusi mu ku kuddaa, wadde nga wabaddewo byetaago bya n'eby'eby'enfuna.
Obutaba na Maka na Kusula Wamu
Omuwendo gw'abantu mu Japan abasulamu gukendedde okuva ku ntandikwa y'emyaka 2000, olw'okuba wabaddewo okugobererwa okukugira obulyi bw'ebidduka n'okweyongera kwa mayumba ag'akaseera obuseera. Kyokka, abantu abali aw'okubeera nga bali mu firidi, mangaspa, oba ku mikwano gya ssaalu /hds", gye gikyacaase. Okunoonyereza okw'eggwanga nti amaka ga Japan nga 1,20,000 gali mu bwavu, kitegeeza nti bagasaasaasa ssente zaabwe ku lukawuza oba zibeera mu mbeera embi. Bannabyabufuzi baakamala ddaakikolako nti amaka ga Japan agasatutibwa obulala, nga 1.
Ekibinja ky’Eby’obufuzi Ekiwa Obudde ku Kusula
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Market-Driven, Noovent
K'omulembe guno guwadde olukusa olw'edda olukalala lw'eby'amaguzi era gavumenti terina kakwate ka maanyi n'eby'okusuza. Amateeka gaago ag'okussawo akabonero nga gaagatta mmonitary n'okwetaaza ennenga entono [] agaayamba ebibanja okufumba ekiwerezo mu mayumba agaagibwa ne gagasobozesa okugaziya ebbeeyiza ebbanja zino, naye ate ng'okuwakanya kwanyito kusingako ne kusobozesa amaka ga nnannyini okuzigizigibwa mu bibuga okuzimbira mu bifo ebya wansi, naye nga programu y'abasekerezi eyo ereetebwawo n'eba mu bitegekebwa obunene. Abakozitoozesebwa mu maduuka aga bulijjo bakkirizibwamu. Bannagdondesss, bak'amaduukanya amayumba aganene, naye ne bakyungidde mu maduuka agamu agamu agatali gamu.
Ekika ky’Eddembe ly’Eddembe ly’Eddembe ly’Obufuzi n’Ekyamateeka Erya Demokulase ekya Japan (CDP): Okuyingira mu nsonga z’abantu n’Okukolagana n’Abantu
CDP Omutawaana omukulu ayoleka okusasulira amayumba g'abantu nga gagalagi. Template y'ekyetaagisa ebiragiro [, okusaasaana kw'amayumba aga bulijjo okutunda b'amayumba agamu, okugaziya ssente eziwayira ddala ez'okudda oluseetuka, n'okudda olukusa waazo ezibadde zigenda okubugya. CDP era n'abakkirizi baayo bakkirizibwa “kulaga edribuyonjo lya nnukuta, ” wadde ng'enkyukakyuka ng'eyo yali ekwetaagisa okuteekawo ekiwandiiko ekitono.
Ekibiina ky’Abakomunisiti eky’omu Japan (JCP) n’Ekakawaali Endala
Kkoyiro lya JCP lirina enkola ey'okumanyisa obulungi engeri y'okuddaabirizaamu amayumba, okupangisa amakooti, n'okukkululako amakooti. Mu magavumenti agamu . Mu masaza agamu gye kifuga JCP. "nga mu maddigimu aga Tokyo"esobola okugaziya ebiwandiiko bya kampuni. Ekika kya Democratic Republic for People (DPPPPP) ne Rewa Shinsengumi bye bateeka essira ku ku kutwala ssente ku bantu n'ebikoleko, ng'ekitongole ky'ekitongole ekya Japan ekya INVAN ku bannazzaayo (JIP) ekikubiriza okufulumya omusolo n'okusasula emisolo. Ek'ensonga eno egamba nti tewali mateeka ganna ku bantu, agatwala enkola ey'okutwala amabanja mu ggwanga.
Okutuukiriza Emisango n’Enkola y’Enkola ya Gavumenti
Amateeka Agakwata ku Kukuuma Obusimu bw’Amanda (2018)
Ekiragiro kino kyateekebwa wansi wa kakiiko akakola nga akamenti ak'okubiri. Ekiragiro kino kyalagira buli lukiiko lw'ebibuga okukola ekika kya “nkolamu enkola ey'obusobozi obw'okwerinda.” Kyatandikawo ekiti ekiti ekipya mu lujjudde kyasobola okupangisa amayumba amangi ag'abanga gayimirizaamu obususvu[, nga amayumba agaawulibwamu nga 60% ku makyasitulikiti. Kyokka, okuguza tekulibwa mu by'enfuna bingi ebiyinza okweyimiriza oba okuzimba ebizitoota ebippya, era nga 20220,000 ebinoonyezebwa bye bisangibwa mu bitundu ebiteetakkirizibwa ku bantu nga 500,000.
Akiya Kivitalment Applet (208)
Ekiragiro kino kyawa gavumenti z'omu kitundu obuyinza okukuŋŋaanya emisolo ku mayumba agateefiirayo era ne gigiyita “ya kabi nnyo” mu kugobererwa. Era kyakkirizibwa okukozesa akalulu nga ennyumba za lukale. Wadde nga enkola eno tebadde ya maanyi, enkola yagootaanye okuleeta ssente nnyingi ku bannamukadde, era enkola ey'amateeka ey'okukugisaanyawo ekendedde. Gavumenti ezimu gaatongoza “enkomera” okusobola okugatta amaka g'abaguzi ne bannannyini bye baagala okugula, naye programu zino tezibadde za kiva ku kwenyigira mu bintu bitono era n'obutaba na kuddaabikolako.
Ebipimo eby’Enjawulo mu Bubuga (2021)
Etteeka lino lyasobozesa okukyusiza ddala ebipimo ebikkirizibwa mu bifo ebya wansi mu masekkati ga Tokyo, era lyakendeeza essomero erikkirizibwa okukola ebizimbe ebitonotono. Ekiruubirirwa kya bannassaayansi kwe kwongera ku bizimbe ebiyinza okusulwamu eggaali z'omukka eziba okumpi n'empandika z'ekiddukanya, naye abawaka bagamba nti okusingira ddala kiganyula nnyo abatumbula b'amayumba amanene. Amateeka tegaayinza kusussa mu ssente nnyingi; mu butuufu, ebitongole eby'okwerinda ebizimbirwa mu nsi bye gavaako ebisasula ebiddo oba ebisawo ebisaabiziddwa.
Okuteekateeka Okuva mu Urban n’Okutegeka: Ettutumu ly’Empapula Ezaawuliddwa
Enkola y’Okukuba Ensozi n’Eby’Ensi
Ekiragiro kino kiwagidde enteekateeka ez'enjawulo eziziganya, naye CDP ne JCP ziwagira obukwasirize ku kufuga entegeka ez'enjawulo okusobola okukuuma enfunda eziriwo. Mu manda, okusalawo okw'amakulu kukolebwa ku siniya mu bitundu 12, okuva ku nsulo okutuuka ku makolero. LDP kiwagidde okuwummula okusobozesa okusobozesa okukolebwa kw'ensi okubuuka n'okukubisaamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, CDP ne JCP ku buttunzi okukugira entebe esangibwa mu mayumba amawanvu, okuviirako okuziganya n'okuteekako omusingi w'amayumba amangi.
Okukulaakulana okwasooka
Japan kimanyiddwa nnyo olw'ebitongole bya gavumenti ebizimba amayumba ku ggaali y'omukka. Kyokka, oluvannyuma lw'olutalo TOD lwagenda ku mayumba g'amaka agamu, nga tegasasulira. Leero, ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi bitandika okuzza obutujju ku ggaali z'omukka mu kifo eky'okussa ebbaasi. Gavumenti ya “Compac City” ekubiriza abantu okuteeka ebirowoozo byabwe ku bifo ebidduka eby'okutambula naye nga tebirina kye bisobola kukkebeesa. Komeito ye asingira ekirabyo ekisinziiriza okugatta amayumba ku sireesiteesiteesite mu kukozesa mmotoka ez'okutambula, ate nga LD ye tekirina kigendererwa kya nfuna bukkusimu.
Ebizibu Ebiba mu Nsi n’Eby’obufuzi
Obunafu bw’Okwambala n’Empewo Ezikolebwa mu Ddomographic
Mu Japan, ebbanja erisinga 250% ku kikumi ekya GDP, nga likendeeza nnyo essente empya ez'amayumba ga gavumenti. Engeri y'okufugamu LDP kwe kwe kwewala ebisale eby'amaanyi ebiba biteekeddwawo, mu kifo ky'okukozesa ebbanja erikwata ku misolo n'obunafu. Abaziyiza nga bateekateeka okusobola okusobola okuzimba amakolero atali gamu.[1] Kiba kibeetaagisa okwewo ssente oba okusasula emisolo, era nga byombi bya kabi. Omuntu okusobola okusasula essente z'eby'eby'obulamu, aba alina okuvuganyanya n'okuvuganya n'okusasula emisolo.
OBUGWEVU N’Okuziyizibwa
Okuzimba amayumba amapya, aw'okusula, n'ebifo ebigo ebigo ebigobererwa abantu abatono ebiyinza okugobererwa, biziyizibwa nnyo mu Japan yonna. Ekivaamu, amayumba amapya gayinza okuzimbibwa mu bifo ebya waggulu oba ebya kkolero.
'Termogram' - Ekiragiro kino kisalawo nti n'ab'oluganda bwe babaako kye basalawo, kikyusa ngeri gye kikwatamu embeera mu kifo eky'ekiseera ekiwanvuko.Plannings-Term-format
Ebizibu mu kusoomooza mu maka byetaagisa okufuba okw'amaanyi, naye ebibiina bya Japan eby'eby'obufuzi bikola nga bituukiriza emyawule ennya ez'okulonda. LDP, mu maanyi kumpi okuva mu 1955, kirimu emiganyulo gy'okuddira ebweru, kyokka tekirina kifo kya kuteekawo kipya mu kuzimba ennyumba. Abaziyiza bayinza okusuubiza enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu kaweefube, naye bwe bafiirwa omulimu, bafiirwa obusobozi bwabwe okuzikolako. Ekivaamu kiba kya njawulo ku nkola y'okweyongerayongera mu nkola y'ekitongole ekyo, nga wazzeewo ebizibu ebiba bigoogerwa mu fayiro so si mu ngeri y'okuteekawo amayumba amangi.
Enkizo ez’Okukolagana mu Kibiina ky’Omusaalaba n’Okuzza Obuggya
Ssaasa y’Amayumba g’Ekika Kyo
Mu 2023, ekibinja eky'ebitundu ebiri mu musaalaba [1] nga mw'otwalidde n'ab'oluganda okuva ku LDP, CDP, ne Komeito() baddode alipoota esaba projective “okwolesebwa okusobozesa obuwerevu". Kino kisobozesa abantu okufuna ebiwandiiko ebibakwatako, okukendeeza ku maanyi, n'okukendeeza ku ngeri gye bakozesaamu amaanyi. Wadde nga waliwo amateeka agaafulumya, alipoota eraga nti ekizibu ky'amayumba kye kisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Singa wabaawo ekiwandikiro kiyinza okukkirizibwako, Japan kiyinza okukyusiza ensi nga Finland, gye kikkiriza ku “ofissiddwawo olukalala olwa bulijjo era n'amaanyi.
Obusobozi obw'omukwano n'okuddaabizibwa
Ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi byeyongedde okunoonyeza obutuuti obusobola okugonjoola ebizibu. LDP kye ky'ekomyewo mu kukola “bibuga ebikola ennyimba awamu n'okutambulako awamu, okuteekateeka data n'okugikolako, wadde ng'abakugu abamu beeraliikirira nti enkola zino ziyamba nnyo mu kuzimba amakolero. CDP ewandiikidde ssente ezisobola okusobozesa abantu okuzzaawo enzijanjaba ya akakiya mu mayumba. Ebyokulabirako bino bituuse ku buwanguzi: Kangawa Prefectural Refectal Referation'ast Remotion Remotual Garvior ekiwandikiddwa mu ku bannazo ez'abavuzimbi abatasobola okuzipangisa amaka g'abavubi. Bannabyabufuzi kiyinza okuwagira kaweefube ng'okunoonyereza ng'okwo.
Okutuukana n’Eby’Okuyiga Okuva mu B’Omu Nsi Endala
Bannabyabufuzi mu Japan batera okutunuulira mu nsi endala okulugunjaamu. K'ekifo LDP gye kikoma okwogerwako mu Singapore ne Hong Kong, ng'ate CDP bwe eyogera ku kifo eky'amaanyi ekibeeramu mu Austria. Mu 2022, abatuuze b'amateeka ba CDP baakyalira Vienna bayingi okuyiga ebikirimu [ ekipimo ky'amayumba, awabeera 60% g'abantu mu lujjudde oba nga bakolera wamu. Wadde nga okuyingiza CDMEnti tekutuufu, okukireetera okuyingiza ebizimbinjabikwata ku nzikkiriza kungi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, endowooza ya “FLT:0] enzimba ya kampuni ezizingirwamu, ekipimo ekiva mu nteekateeka empya ezikolerwa mu CDPme.[5]
Okwongera: Yafuna Ebizibu ne Nsazibwa
Ebizibu by'okugootaana kw'amayumba mu Japan tebitera kutuukirizibwa. Nnyonnyola enkola y'okusalawo kw'ekitongole kya gavumenti. Emirimu gya LDP mu kugula amakolero giremeddwa okusobozesa abaana okusumya amayumba ge beetaaga, kyokka ebiruubirirwa by'abaziyiza eby'okugootaaza okusobola okukola ku bizibu ebyo tebinnatuukirizibwa. Wadde kiri bwe kityo, okusoomooza okw'amaanyi okw'ekizibu kino kutandisewo empya. Amayumba, amataba ga k'amayumba, ne gakuba amatooya, ate ne gannabya bufuzi obugenda bweyongera okugobera abaana amayumba gonna amayumba.
Ekinaagonjoola ekizibu kino kijja kwetaagisa ebika by'ebiti ebiwerako: obusobozi bwa LDP obw'okusala ettutumu n'okukula mu by'enfuna, essira ly'okuteeka essira ku ntegeka y'abantu, Komeito okuteeka essira ku ntegeka y'abantu, era n'okunoonyereza okw'omu kitundu okuppya okukolebwa kukolebwa kukolebwa kw'abantu kwakolebwa nga bannabyabufuzi. Tewali kibiina kimu ekirina obuyinza ku magezi[[ mu kitundu kino. Ekyetaagisa kwe kuteeka essira ku ku kussawo ntegeka y'ebitundu, enzikkiriza nti ennyumba si kintu kyokka ekikolebwako, eby'eby'obugagga, n'okulongooka obungi. Singa Japan esobola okusoomooza ekyo, tekirina bitongole bya matoffalo, ate ne bifuula enkola y'ennyalalalala y'ennya y'esobola okusobozesa amayumba okugazi okugaziwanya.
Ensonda]: Japan Ministry of World, Intraclaire, translact, MLIT Home Bureau pureant; OECD “Omukutu ogutegeka mu Japan" (2021); Japan Times, “Amaka aga Bactanding'Awaka mu Japan gatuuka ku 9 Milliation” (2023); Tokyo Metropolitan Government Button Platform 2023; CDPlatform 2023; Komeito Home House Exponety (2022).[FL:3]