Ekifo ky’Entegeka za Kitundu ky’Eddembe eri mu Buwagizi mu Kutaano

Ekitongole ekikola ku by'obufuzi, ekyenkanankana n'enkola y'okugootaana nga 10 Apuli 1998, kitwalibwa ng'ekintu ekikulu ennyo mu kusalawo kw'entalo mu Northern Ireland. Kyakoma mu bukuubagano bw'entalo mu mambuka ga madiini emyaka asatu obut'entalo era ne kissaawo enteekateeka ez'okukwata ku buyinza, okwenkanankanankana n'enkwaso. Wadde nga kyali kikulu nnyo okuteesa kw'eby'obufuzi n'okuteesa n'okuteesa kw'ensi yonna, okuwangula kw'ensonga ezo kwasibuka ku mitwe gy'ekibiina. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku nsonga zino tebyajjawo mu myaka gya 1990; byaleetawo obusosoze n'obusosoze ebyaviirako okuleetawo enkaayanjo.

Olulago olw’Okutaano Olulungi

Ebizibu ebyajjawo mu myaka gya 1960, byasibuka ku butaka obw'amaanyi olw'okumenya amateeka ga nfuga ya Ireland ow'omu Mambuka. Abapolotesitanti abasinga obungi, nga baagala okusigala mu United Kingdom, ate nga n'Abakatuliki abangi abava ku ggwanga, baanoonya Ireland nga bali bumu. Okwawula okw'eby’obufuzi kwagattibwa abakatuliki n'abakaafiiri mu mayumba, n'okulondalonda. Okugatta abakaafiiri okw'ensi yonna, okwawukana mu mawanga, okusoonoonagana n'enjawukana mu b'ennyumba, n'ennamba ez'enkola. Olwanyimba ezo zaaleetera abantu bangi mu bitundu ebyo okukolagana n'obuwaŋŋanwatule, obuttule, era n'okupikirizibwa mu nsi yonna (okuva mu United States, mu Buganda, ne mu mawanga amalala amalala amalala amalala amalala. amagye agava mu ggwanga enziro, gamanyiddwa nga gayitibwa Berfaanalfa nga 3,500. Mu myaka gya 1990, waaliwo mu ggwanga eri wakati w'enkyukakyuka ez'enfunda ne Ireland, ne Ireland, nga tewanvunnago nazo za

Okuyingira kw’Entegeka za Kitundu mu Mambuka ga Ireland

Ekibiina ky'eddembe ly'abantu mu Northern Ireland tekyayolekezebwa. Agumenti ya Afirika alwana n'eddembe ly'obuntu mu Amerika mu Amerika era n'okulwanyisa obufuzi mu nsi yonna mu myaka gya 1960, abalwanyi baatandikawo enkola y'okulwanyisa Abakatuliki. Enteekateeka ya Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), eyatandikibwawo mu 1967, yafuuka ekibiina ekikulu. NICRA yawaliriza “omusajja omu, okukuba obuvvuunula” (gavumenti y'omu ey'omu kitundu kino yatongoza obululu n'etongoza abannabizinesi bangi n'ebaggyamu Abakatuliki abangi) ekikongobe ky'obululu obw'eby'eby'obusuubuzi, ekiva mu n'okugaba w'amayumba mpulizigo. Okukubanjanja okwabwe, n'okukwataganya kwa bannannyini mulimu, n'okugoba obusokebenyinyinyinyinyinyi okugatta obukya mu n'okujeemera gavumenti.

Ebibiina Ebikola ku Buzibu Bwo

Olugendo olwaliwo mu 1968 okuva mu Coalisland okutuuka mu Dunganon, era ne Derry nga 5 Ogufuku 1968, lwagootaanya nnyo. Olugendo olw'omwezi gwa Okitobba lwamenyebwa nnyo Royal Ulster Consabulally, nga bulimu ebiwombe n'amazzi. Tereviniya yakuba ppaasa z'ettemu mu nsi yonna. Olugendo olwo terutera kulagibwa ng'entandikwa y'Entalo, ng'entalo ezaaviirako obutemu y'obufuzi era n'okuyongera okw'obusungu bw'eggwanga. Ate era tewaaliwo okukalugattira ku mu Bbugwanjuba w'ebiri mu Jjanwali 1969, gye kyavanga okutulugunya obugulumivu mu lukujjunyuvu mu lugenda lwa poli, ate ne “kampeera waalu w'olutalo olwo ne mu Adeni olwo ne mu mwezi gwa August 1969.

Kakwate n’Enkola ez’Ensi Yonna Ezeekubaganyiza

Ng'ekyokulabirako, abakulembeze bangi baakuŋŋaana okulwanirira eddembe ly'abantu mu Northern Ireland era ne batandikawo endagaano ez'enkomeredde mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Amawanga gaayamba mu kukakasa enkyukanya z'eddembe ly'abantu ne gavumenti z'abantu mu nsi yonna okuwanirira enzivuunyiro z'ennimi za Ireland. Ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi kyatandikawo okukolagana n'enkalo ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu nsi yonna.

Emisingi egy’Okugobererwa ku Lw’Okutaano Egikkirizibwa Ekibiina Ekikola ku Ddembe lya Kikunguzi

Mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu okwenkanankana kw'enkizo z'abantu, n'okukwenyigira mu bya bufuzi.

Obutalingana n'obutawukana

Ekimu ku bikwatagana ku ndagaano eyo kwe kuba nti “abantu batwalibwa nga ba njawulo” era nga benkanankana. Ekibiina ekikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu kyagamba nti okusosola mu mayumba ne mu mirimu ye nsibuko y'obukuubagano. Endagaano 75 ku kika kya Northern Ireland Act 1998 ewagidde abantu okussaawo etteeka eribakugira okuba n'enkolagana ennungi n'enkolagana ennungi n'abantu bonna. Kino kikyusa ebbeetaagibwa mu mateeka. Awatali kubaako okusososoosa kwa NICRA, akakwakkulizo ka Kaweefube ku nsonga ezikwata ku mbeera z'abantu, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala, tekiyinzika kuba nga tekulimu nteekateeka ng'ezo ez'okwenkanya.

Obukuumi bw’Eddembe ly’Omuntu

Ekitongole ekikola ku ntegeka ya Bulaaya (Nassoova), kyatandikawo endagaano enzijanjaba z'abantu ezaawebwawo mu Northern Ireland. Ekitongole ekyo kyawa ekiragiro Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland (wadde nga tekinnaba kufuga) era ne kinyweza endagaano ya Bulaaya ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu mateeka g'omu nsi. Ennamba z'obwannakyewa zaagezaako okumala emyaka mingi okuziyiza okugobererwa kw'abamateeka, okukolagana awatali kusalibwawo (nga yateebwawo mu 1971), n'okutta oba okutta ebitongole bya gavumenti. Obujulizi n'okukwata ku ddembe by'obufuzi bya Bulaaweebwe byayamba nnyo okuwaliriza ab'obuyinza okuyingiza eddembe ly'abantu mu mirembe. Ebitongole ebyava mu Northern Ireland, nga ne mu ku ku kiwandiiko ebitongole ekiyitibwa Oudmanman Commentinas.

Obusosoze n'Amaanyi

Endagaano eyo yakkiriza okutuusa nga yatongozebwa. N'olwekyo, okusobola okugonjoola ensonga z'obufuzi, ekibiina kya kaweefube oyo, kabuvubuka ku bantu ba bulijjo. Enkyukakyuka yonna mu nkyukakyuka zalwo mu mambuka ga Ireland erimu ekkirizibwa abantu abangi. Abafuzi ba ddembe lya bantu okumala amakumi asatu nga Sin Féin, abaava mu kibiina kya gavumenti ekiteeyisa mu ngeri ey'ekikungo n'ekya kkono, baasemba okusobola okugonjoola enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi ebyandikulembedde “abantu bonna. Enkola y'okunyumya mu kifo ky'ettemu n'eb'eb'amawanga, yayamba mu kukkiririzaawo okukkiririzaawo abakungu ab'eggwanga (nga Sin Féin) era n'abakungu abeesigwa. Ate era n'obuyinza obukolera wamu n'omukago, baakolera wamu n'okuziyiza okuziyiza“ abantu abangi obwannambanda mu ggwanga . Enkola eno eyago. Enkola eno erengo eyago yali esobozesa abantu okubaamu obutuufu okukiikirira obutuufu mu gavumenti.

Okutabagana n’Obumu mu Kitundu

Ng'oggyeko ebyo ebyali biwandiikiddwawo mu mateeka ne mu by'obufuzi, ekibiina ky'eddembe ly'obuntu kyaleetawo okutabagana. Abalwanyi bangi baakola emirimu egitali gimu nga bassa obwesige mu Bakatuliki n'Abapolotesitanti. Ebibinja ebikola ng'ebyo eby'abantu ab'emirembe (byava eri Mairead Corrigan ne Betty Williams mu 1976, abawangudde ekirabo kya Nobel eky'Emirembe) era n'ebitongole ebirala nga Corrymeela Community, byatumbula okunyumya n'okuwonya. Good Wearver Agreement ezingiramu enteekateeka ez'entegeka z'obuyigirize n'ennimiza (ebiri gyava mu kiseera ekiwanvu n'olulimi, kweyoleka enkola eyava mu mulimu ogw'okuvanyunzirizaamu abantu.

Engeri Emirembe gye Gikukwatako mu Kugaba

Wadde okuteesa kw'emirembe okwa mu 1990 kwali kuzingiramu ebituuti by'eby'obufuzi, omusingi gwassibwawo amakumi g'emyaka egy'okukolagana n'eby'obufuzi. Enkola z'ekibiina kino tezaasobozesa ettemu kudda mu kifo ky'ekika kya ttemu, nga kiraga nti enkyukakyuka zandisobodde okufunibwa nga bakubaganye ebirowoozo. Wadde nga mu biseera ebizibu eby'amaanyi ennyo, entegeka z'obuntu n'ez'abantu zaateeka essuubi mu bantu ab'obwenkanya era abali mu bantu. Baawandiika ebisasiro eby'okuyisa obubi, ebitongole ebikola ng'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte n'Ebukiiko ga Bulaaya, era ne batandikawo ebitongole by'obuyigirize.

Abantu Abasinga Obukulu n’Ekifo Kyabwe

Emiwendo nga John Hume, eyatandikawo ekibiina kya Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), gyeyava butereevu okuva ku kibiina ekirwanirira eddembe ly'abantu. Obukulembeze bwa Hume mu SDLP era n'omulimu gwe omutaweera mu kuzimba ssanduuko za gavumenti za Bungereza ne Ireland, awamu ne United States, byali biwakanya nnyo okuleetawo emirembe. Yawakanya nti olutalo olwo terwali lwa lwa lwa lwa bukyayi mu biseera byaedda naye lwa ddembe, era nti n'ensonga y'ebyobufuzi bw'obuwayiti ziteekwa okugonjoola obutasosola. Naborikiti ye ey'emirembe mu 1998 (yakolagana ne David Trimble) yamanyibwa ku n'ensonga z'abantu endala, nga Bernadette Devil Conver (Mlikey) okuva mu 1960 era ne ku kunkalu w'ensonga ez'eby’eby’ensonga endala ez'enjawulo ezaaliwo.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bw’Abakazi

Abakazi baakola kinene nnyo mu kuleetawo emirembe n'enkola ey'enjawulo mu ntegeka z'abantu. Mu Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) gye yatandikawo mu 1996, lyali kibiina eky'abaddusi abaalwanirira engeri z'abakazi era nga bajjuukirwa mu mboozi. Bangi ku abo abaali mu madiini gaakyo baalina enzigi n'entegeka ez'emirembe. NIWC baawagira obukwakulizo obuzingiramu eddembe ly'abakazi, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obuyigirize obwa bulijjo mu mboozi ezaawerebwa mu interali eyo. Omulimu gwabwe gwalaga nti emisingi egy'okwawula n'okugaba mu ggwanga tegyamu na ku ngeri endala ez'obusosoze.

Amawanga Gonna Gawagira era Gali Manywevu

Enteekateeka eyo era yasobozesa ab'obuyinza mu ggwanga lya Bungereza okwogeraganya ne gavumenti ya Bungereza ne gavumenti ya Amerika, George Mitchell eyawa emboozi, eyali ataddewo empewo z'abantu, yakwatibwako nnyo olw'enkizo z'abantu. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyasobozesa amagye ga Bulaaya ne kampuni ez'emirembe mu Bulaaya okukolagana obulungi ne gavumenti ya Bungereza.

Eky’Obusika n’Okugenda mu maaso

Emyaka 20 mu bufunze oluvannyuma lw'ekivumenti Good Lwokubiri, ekitongole ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu tekinnamanya. Amakampuni ge kyalwanirira. “‘ Endagaano ey'Obuntu, Komishoni Ekwata ku Nkola y'Eddembe, era n'enzijanjaba ya poliisi (Essaawa y'Abapoliisi mu Northern Ireland, eyadda mu kifo kya Ruup,) ne Ruuc. Bino byeyongera okunyweza emisingi gya ndagaano. Kyokka, okusoosagana kw'ekibiina kya Bill of Rights teriiko kikolerwa mu bujjuvu, era n'enteekateeka ezimu ku n'ez'olulimi zikyaliwo. Ebibiina by'ensonga z'eddembe abantu nga akakiiko akakwata ku Kutwala eddembe ly'obwetakkiriza (CA) ne ku Northern Ireland kakyeyongera okulwanirira eddembe n'okusoonoona eddembe ly'okusoonoona eddembe ly'enkola.

Enjawukana mu Bibiina n’Obwetaavu bw’Okweyongerayo mu Bikolwa eby’Eby’Omwoyo

Wadde nga wabaddewo emirembe mu Northern Ireland, enjawukana ezitakwatagana. Amayumba, obuyigirize, n'ebifo ebibeera mu bantu bikyaliwo. Enteekateeka y'obuntu ey'okuleetawo entegeka ez'enjawulo n'ey'abantu aba bulijjo ekola nga bwe kibadde. Ebibiina ebipya bizze bitandikawo, gamba ng'ebyo ebiwagira okulingana kwa bufumbo (nga bwe kwali mu 202020) era n'eddembe ly'abantu abawaŋŋanguka obutundu n'abo abava mu bitundu ebirala. Ebibiina bino bigoberera enkola y'enkola y'emu n'enjawukana ezikwata ku mpisa.

Bye Tuyigamu mu Nsi Endala Ezaalimu Ennyo

Ebyo ebyatuuka ku Northern Ireland biwa eky'okuyiga ku butaka obutali bumu okwetooloola ensi. Obukulu bw'enkola y'abantu, amaanyi g'okwesambala, n'obwetaavu bw'okuleetawo emirembe, bujulizi bulaga nti mu Colombia, South Africa, ne Balkans, ebiwandiiko ebigendera ku nkola z'emirembe birina okugobererwa. Endagaano ennungi ku Lwokubiri terina kkomo; y'abantu okusobola okuvunaana gavumenti z'abantu. Enteekateeka y'eddembe ly'abantu ereeteerese omusingi gwa mpisa n'ebyobufuzi, era n'enkola zaago zisigala zikwata ku buli nsonga ezikontana n'obwenkanya.

fundikira

Ekiragiro Bene active Aupplication (Olwekutaano olw'okutaano) tekyandituukiriziddwa singa waaliwo omulimu ogw'amaanyi ogw'okuleetawo entegeka z'abantu mu Northern Ireland. Kampuni zino zakyusa embeera z'eby'obufuzi nga zikolawo olutalo ng'oleka eddembe n'obusosoze mu kifo ky'eggwanga. Endagaano eyo bweyolekedde okwenkanankana, eddembe ly'abantu, n'obufuzi obw'enkanankanankana. Obusika bwabwe bweyoleka butereevu mu bibiina n'amateeka ebikuuma abatuuze, naye era n'okweyongera mu nkola y'obusosoze bw'ebibiina ebifuga, ebiva mu ku ku kussaawo essokekwa kw'obwenkanya obuva mu nsi.

Kino kitegeka nti buli kigambo ekikolebwako kiwandikiro oba mutwe gwa kompyuta bisobola okukyusibwako.[[Akawayiro aka '-' oba '-'' tekannaco '[='''' - 'Kiwandikiro'] Kino kiwandikiro oba mutwe gwa kompyuta

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