Electoral College emirundi mingi esangibwa nga nnyangu okutegeera ebifa ku bannabyabufuzi 18 abali mu masekkati 18 nga banoonyereza ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi, kyokka emirimu gyayo giba gifugiddwa nnyo n'amateeka agafuga amateeka agafuga Amereka, amateeka ga gavumenti. Wadde nga akalulu akaganzi ke kasalawo omuwanguzi mu masaza mangi, abalonde 538 be basalawo okulonda enkola y'obukulembeze. Okutegeera emitindo gya enkola ya gavumenti y'ensi eno — okuva mu mateeka gaayo okutuuka ku kkooti z'ensi enkulu — kiyamba okutegeera engeri bannakyefuge mu Amereka era n'ensonga lwaki okufuba okuzza obuggya kukolebwawo.

Ensibuko y’Essaawa ya Electoral College

Ebisengeke by'abalonde ku lukalala: Ekitundu II, ekitundu 1

E plain ya Electoral College esangibwa mu kitundu II, Ekitundu 1 ku lukalala lwa mateeka g'Amerika, ekyawandiikibwa mu 1788. Ekitundu kino kye kiyamba omukulembeze okuba n'obuyinza mu ngeri gy'alondamu era kiraga engeri y'okulondamu. Mu kifo kya kakiiko akategese oba akakkiririzo aka ka ka ka ka ka kampuni, abo abakiikirirwa eddiini baateekawo akakiiko akagabagaba abalonde. Buli kaaweefube baaweebwa obuyinza okulonda abalonde "Mun Manner nga mu mateeka agafuga enkola yakyo," ebigambo ebikulu ebiwa obulagirizi ku nkola eyo.

Omuwendo gw'abalonda mu buli ggwanga gwategekebwa nga gwenkana omuwendo gw'abalonde abaaliwo mu kizimbe ekimu. Omuwendo ogwo gwatuuka ku muwendo gwa Senators ne bassa obulagizi mu ggwanga. Ekiragiro kino kyava ku kugoosa ebya Connecticut nga bigatta okwenkanankana mu lukiiko olukiikirira abantu abali mu Nnyumba. Enteekateeka eyasooka yalonda abalonde ab'okulonda abo abagenda okuteeba bombi; omuteesi eyalondebwa n'afuuka omukulembeze w'ekitongole ekidduukirize. Enteekateeka eno yalina ekigendererwa eky'okulonda abantu abalina ebisaanyizo nga teyeesigama ku musango ogwa bulijjo, okulaga nti abateesiga ba demokrase nti teyenkanankanankana.

Abaalekayo Omuze guno ab'Emirundi Esatu mu Kisatu ne Electoral Maanyi

Ekimu ku nsibuko ya Electoral College kwe kuyita mu nsalo yaazo mu Lukiiko olw'obuddu esatu oluwandule. Wansi w'Akatundu I, Ekitundu 2, ekikiikirira ab'omu Nnyumba — era bwe kityo omuwendo gwa bannannyini bannaawunzi bonna, kyasinzibwa nga kubala abantu bonna ab'eddembe n'abantu abasatu abaakozesebwa ng'abaddu. Ekiragiro kino kyasobozesa nnyo okukuza amaanyi g'abaddu mu maserenge agali mu bukiika ddyo, ne kibawa abalonde nga 40% obusukka mu bannaawundibwe okulonda okusinga bwe bandisinzidde ku bantu ab'eddembe. Enteekateeka eno ey'amateeka egoberedde ddala ebiva mu ku ku nkola y'okulonda kwa baddu era esigala ekitundu eky'ebyafaayo by'omu nteekateeka ya kampula k'ebintu.

Okuzzaawo Enkola ya Katonda: Omutemu ogw’ekkumi n’essatu

Mu kulonda okwa 1800, Thomas Jefferson ne munne addukanya ye Aaron Burr baafuna obululu bwe bumu, ne bakuba akalulu mu Nnyumba ey'Ababaka. Akabenje kano kaaviirako omutemu w'ekika kya 12 okukkirizibwa mu mwaka gwa 1804. Okukyusa kwakyusa enkola y'okulonda abalonde okwawulibwawo Pulezidenti ne Pulezidenti. Kino kyayawulawo obwannannyini era ne kiziyiza ekkomera lya kooti ey'okulonda mu Nnyumba ey'Abalawuli okuva mu 1800. Okukyusa okw'ekkumi n'okubiri kwasazeseebiri ku butundu obwava mu lukalala lw'amateeka agafuga abalonde abalonde ba Baibuli.

Ekibumbe eky’Eby’Amateeka eky’Okulonda Elector

Obuyinza bwa Gavumenti Wansi w’Akatundu II

Ekiragiro "gavumenti erimu lirina okulonda abalonde mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, ate nga zonna zirina okulondamu abalabirizi. Ekitongole kino kiyinza okutegeeza nti mu mwaka gwa 1830, abaami ba demokratifoomu babadde batwala obukwasibwa obwa demokrati ne bannaabwo nga bannaawula mu nkola y'okulonda. Mu madaala 1830, abaami banna demokrati ne baawerera ddala enkola ya demokrase, ey'okuwangula n'okuteeka mu nkola eya bulijjo mu kulonda. Engeri ezo ezigattisibwa ziyinza okusobozesa gavumenti okuba n'obuyinza ku bannazo. Engeri zonna ezikkirizibwa mu bibiina bino tezikolamu.

'Orner-med' - Yakola nga translate-type

Leero, ebiwaatwa bya Columbia biwa abafuzi 48 n'ebitundu ebitaano ebikola enkola eyandikulembedde mu bujjuvu. Maine ne Nebraska bakozesebwa mu ngeri y'enjawulo. Mu masaza gano, abalonde babiri baweebwa abalonda ab'omu ggwanga lyonna, era omu ku abo abaweebwa eb'okulonda mu buli disiturikiti. Okukyusa kuno kulaga nti enkyuuka zikuumibwa gavumenti zigoberera enkola ya system scracy state. Amateeka ga gavumenti agafuga okugabaawula abavvugibwa kw'abavvugisi, singa tebamenya amateeka agabanyirizza Claus oba gavumenti endala. Amateeka ga gavumenti galagira nti buli ddi ekitongole ekitongole kisalawo okulondebwa, abalonde, era n'okusaasaanya ebiva mu nkola y'eggwanga mu mateeka gago gasalawo ku nkola y'okulonda.

Abakappolozi n’Abakooti Abatalina Okukkiriza

Ekizibu Ekyaliwo eky’Abantu Abatakkiririza mu Katonda

Wadde abalonda nga basuubirwa okulonda omunyago eyawangulwa mu ggwanga lyabwe, Amateeka tegayogera oba nga bawalirizibwa mu mateeka okulonda. Kino kyaviirako "abalonda abatakkiririza mu Katonda" — abantu abaalonda omuntu omulala atali munnagootaago. Mu byafaayo bya Amerika, abalonde abataalina kukkiriza tebaakyusanga ku kinaavaamu mukolo gwa prezidenti, naye obusobozi bwabwe obw'okukikola buviiriddeko okubuvumula ebibuuzo eby'omu mateeka. Okulonda 2016 kwalaba okweyongera mu nvunnaago ezitemwa za bannaakwo ezitaliimu kukkiriza nga ekitundu ky'ekibiina "Hamilton Elector" ekiryeberezza bavvunna ba Republicanssssss okulonda mu ngeri endala esaanira. Mu butuufu, abavvubirondeka Washington baamenya obugovuzi basatu obusatu obutuufu.

Washington (2020)

Okutaasa okw'ensonga okwali kukwata abalonde ku nsonga eyo kwagonjolwa kkooti enkulu mu misango 2020. Washington era nga buli omu yakikkiriza nti olukiiko olwo lwalina obuyinza okulagira abalonde okufuna omuteesi gwe basuubiza okulonda era n'okukakaatika ekyetaagisa okubonerezebwa ng'okubonerezebwa oba okuggibwawo. Omulamuzi Elena Kagan yakiggumiza nti abalonde baalina okukola nga bannabyabufuzi so si bannabyabufuzi.

[[Akawayiro:0] Ennyunzi 1:[[AK'AMU] [[:1] [[-KY'AMU] Okusoma ennamba ey'empandika eya Oyez ey'ebiseera eby'omu Kiafalo v. Washington[[[KATANDIKI]]

Okusoomooza Okukulu Okuli mu Mateeka n’Emisango Egibaddewo mu Biseera eby’Edda

McPherson v. Blacker (1892)

Omusango guno gwasoomooza enkola eya disiturikiti ey'okulonda abalonda. Kkooti enkulu yasalawo nti amacapaawe ga gavumenti galina obuyinza ku kulonda abalonde, nga gagoberera kkomo lya nzikiriza. Mcherson v. Omulaguzi atera okunnyonnyolwa ng'ennyinnyonnyola ennukuta entuufu ey'obuyinza bwa kakiiko akafuga wansi w'Akakiiko II. Yakakasa nti engeri y'okulonda abalonde ba projekiti y'enkola y'enkola y'emu n'empandika y'amateeka, ng'ekozesebwa mu ngeri nti Consert tesobola kufuga butereevu mulimu gwa gavumenti okuggyako nga kiwandiiko. Kkomyunity kino kiwagira ekiwandikiro ekikwata ku n'okufuga enkola ya kko.

Gore (2000)

Oboolyawo olukalala lw'abalagibwa ennyo mu Electoral College, Bbush v. Gore yasala bulungi olululu olw'omwaka 2000. Kkooti Supper yakoma okuwereza olukalala olw'obungi obwa Ssemazinga bwa Clausceal Lequement errective olw'okumenya emitindo egitakwatagana mu bitundu by'ennamba. Kkooti eyo yakiggumiza nti amateeka gaayo gaateeteeka ku mbeera eziriwo kati," g'amateeka agafuga enfuga, g'omutikko, n'omutindo gwa Elctoral Collegery. Okusalawo kusigala nga kukontana nateeyivu mu ku nnyinyo. Kkookolo ke kakireetera obutereevu mu mateeka agannyonnyonnyoleddwa obutuufu okulaga engeri amateeka gye gayinza okugobeeyisaamu mu ngeri envugisaamu.

[[Akawayiro:0] Omuwandiike 2:[[AK'AMU] [[:1] [[-KY'AMUTANDIKA] Okusoma ennamba ey'empandika eya 'Oyez' ey'enyigirov'. Gore[[KATANDIKI]]

Engeri Amawanga Gye Gayinza Okukyusibwamu

Entegeka ey’Okukyusa Amateeka wansi w’Akatundu Kkaadi K’etaano

Ekkubo ek'enkola eggukako okuggyawo oba okuzza obuggya ekkolero lya Electoral College liba ligobererwa ku nkola y'amateeka wansi w'Akatundu V. Kino kyetaagisa emirundi ebiri mu bitundu bibiri mu Nnyumba ne Ssemakati, ebigobererwa n'ebitundu bisatu ebya kawumpuli z'eggwanga. Ekibuuzo ekya waggulu kye "Buli ggwanga ne kampasi ya Lystem, ekisobozesa omukutu guno ogw'amaanyi okumanyibwa. Kyokka, empagiro ezisukka mu 700 zimaze okukomya oba okukomyawo olukiiko olukulu olw'eggwanga, biwandikiddwawo mu kkanisa y'e Ele Eltastal Collegements Amerekation. Ekibuuzo ekisingirayonna kye kino ekiva mu nteekateeka y'eby'obukulembeze mu n'okulonda. Kyokka, oluyimba olwo olusinga obungi olw'ensonga ekkirizibwa mu n'eyo ekkirizibwa mu kye kikkirizibwa okumanyibwa ennyo mu k'okukkenneenya kwa V.

Ekibiina ky’Omwagalwa w’eggwanga ekiyitibwa Vote Interstate Conciation (NPVIC)

Mu kugabula obululu, abakyusa bafuula okulondebwa okw'ensi yonna okuba okutegekebwa mu ngeri y'okukuba akakwate. Okuteesa kwa National Popular Vote Interstat Community (NPVIC) kwe kugattira gavumenti okuwa enguzi bonna abalonde ab'eggwanga okuwangula obululu. Empandika zikola singa zikwata ku ngeri y'okulonda abalonde abo abalonde, era nga zikola nga zifuga abalonde abo bonna. Abawaayiriza nti gavumenti ziwaanyisa ziwakanya amateeka. Bawakanya enkola eyo bawakanya enkola ya Claus eya Claus erree of Artic I, ekwetaagisa okukkirizibwa mu mikago egikyongo egy'eby'obufuzi ebikyusa empagimu. Abalala bawakanya enkola ey'okulonda olukalala mu ngeri gye bagobereramu mu ngeri gye batwalamu mu mateeka.

[[Act:0] Omunyunzi 3:[[KIKYAMU] [[:1]] Okumanya ebisingawo ebikwata ku ndagaano eya National Popular Vote Intertate Compact

Okukyusa Endowooza mu by’Eby’Obukyamu

Ekifo eky’Omwenge ku mwalo Ogutaliiko Buzibu

Ekiragiro ekifuga abalonda mu nnaku zino, kissaawo etteeka eriri mu mutwe 3 ku lukalala lwa Amerika, nga litandikawo ekiwandikiro "dokoozi eky'obukuumi" eggwanga okukakasa ebiva mu kulonda n'okulonda. Singa eggwanga lisalawo obutakkaanya bwonna obuleetawo okulonda era ne lilonda abalonde baabwo ku lunaku luno — ng'etera okubeera ennaku mukaaga nga Electoral College esisinkana — Consementssion eteekwa okukkiriza olukalala lw'abalonda abalonde nga "ogw'obwa. Ekiragiro kino kireetawo okupikirizibwa okw'amaanyi okugonjoolera ebibaawo mu bwangu obw'okusalaganya ebikwata ku mateeka, nga bush v. Gore. Ekiragiro ekitebe kya fayiro ekyetaagisa okukomyawo n'okukakasa obutuufu mu nkola y'okulonda, era kisobola okuggyawo enkasaze mu mateeka.

Electoral Count Reform Act eya 2022 (ECRA)

Mu kiwandikiro kino, akakwate ka Electoral Council Act mu 1887 kaategekebwa okufuga engeri Congress gye ekwatamu enkola y'obuvvuunukiriro. Kyokka, olulimi lwayo olutategeerekeka lwaleetawo okutabula, naddala mu kiseera kya 202020 oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Mu ngeri gye yayanukula, Congress yayisa ekiwandiiko eky'e Electoral Count Reform Act ekya 20222 (ECRA), enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi erisinga okugobererwa mu nkola y'amateeka mu Electoral Collegement mu kyasa. Enkyukakyuka zino zaawumba z'omukulembeze zaawula ekifo nga buweereza obuwagizi, zaayusiza ekiwandiiko okutongoola akaberebwa mu kakkulu akatundu akamu ak'ekisenge, era ne kiggumiza nti gavumenti y'avunaanyizibwa nnyo okuyingiza olonda abavvuziganya. Bino byakyungibwa mu mateeka byakyusizza mu ku nkola y'enkola ya k'obukulembeze.

[[Act:0] Omuwandiike ogw'okusengeka mpunzi 4:[[AK'AMU] [[:1] [[-KY'AMU]] Soma ebiri mu 'Electoral Count Reform Act 2022[[KATANDIKI]]

Amateeka Yali Gamu era Galina Obwetaavu obw’Okukyusa Obulamu Bwabwe

Ebirungi mu Enteekateeka ya Sitaani

Abawagizi b'amateeka bagamba nti kiyamba mu kunyweza obutebenkevu, era ne kiziyiza amawanga okubutegeeramu nga gakuba obukuubagano mu mawanga agamu. Federalist No. 68, ekyawandiikibwa Alexander Hamilton, baagamba nti enkola eno esobola okusobozesa abantu okwekenneenya engeri ezituukana n'ekitongole. Abasirikale ab'amateeka abeetaasa okukankanika mu bitundu eby'enjawulo mu kifo ky'okwebagarira obutundu obwa waggulu, nga bagezaako okunnyonnyola ekifo eky'obuwagizi obwa waggulu mu bibuga.

Okukolokota n’Okwagala Okukyuka

Abakugu bagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya Electoral College bimenya omusingi gwa "w'omuntu omu, akavwooti kamu" nga biwa obuzito obw'enkunkunala abavvuunuki mu bitundu ebitono. sisitemu ewangudde obukadde n'obukadde bw'abavvunsi mu bitundu ebikuuma obubenje. Ate era, enkola ereetebwawo esobozesa omuteesi awangula obululu mu ggwanga lyonna okufiirwa Electoral College mu 2000 ne 2016. Gavumenti zino zitegeeza nti, obukujjuzi bw'amateeka era n'enkola y'ebyobufuzi obugenda mu maaso okuzza obutereevuzizza obugazi bwa NPVIC ebireetebwa mu n'okuzza enzikku ez'omulembe.

Ebiwandiiko bya Electoral College birina kye bisinziirako mu nkola eya CPUMENTI II, era nga n'ebiragiro bya kkooti ey'oku ntikko . Washington era ne Mcherson v. Black. Enteekateeka eno era ekiraze nti y'enjawukana ez'eby'amateeka, era n'eb'e EKY'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri eyo, naye era n'ebibuuzo ebikolebwa mu Amend, ennyimba za Ellector biddamu okuzikulembedde mu ngeri eyo. Ate era ebikolebwa mu ngeri y'enkola ya United States, ebitongole ebikola ebikola ebitongole ebikola mu n'ebitongole ebikola enziganya entebe enzivu.