Essomero ly’Electoral Kye Ki?

Electoral College ye nkola eyateekebwawo mu mateeka esobozesa Amerika okulonda pulezidenti waayo era omumyuka wa pulezidenti. Mu kifo kya kalulu eya bulijjo mu ggwanga lyonna, enkola eno yeesigama ku kakiiko k'abalonda abalonde abalondebwa gavumenti. Akakiiko kano ke kabadde mu kulonda okwa Amerika okuviira ddala ku ntandikwa y'eggwanga, era kategeera engeri gye kakolamu mu kulonda buli omu ayagala okulaba engeri kalonda we kakwataganyaamu ebiva mu nkomerero.

Bw'olonda mu kalulu eya prezidenti, oba olonda abo bokka abagenda okulondebwa. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, oba olonda olukalala lw'abalonde abasuubiza okuwagira omunyabigenda. Abalonda bano basisinkana mu kakulu k'eggwanga lyabwe okukuba akalulu, oluvannyuma akabalibwa Conseilssion. Abalonda bali 538, nga balabira ddala omuwendo gw'ebifo mu Congress (ababakabaka abalonde abava mu ggwanga nga 4435, 100 Sanator) awamu n'abalonde basatu abalonde mu Washington, D.C. Okusobola okuwangula akalulu, omukungu alina okuwangula Pentenessage (ka).

Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti okulonda okw'eggwanga tekusalawo butereevu awangula. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, empalana ebaawo mu ggwanga ereetebwawo gavumenti, buli mupaka wa gavumenti n'eweebwa okusinziira ku kye kivudde mu kulonda okwava mu ggwanga eryo.

Engeri Essomero ly’Omulimu ogw’Okukuza Abaana Leero gye Likolamu

Omuntu asobola Okulonda Obusobozi bw’Okuyiga

Buli ggwanga lisalawo engeri yalyo okulondamu abalonda aba abaloze. Mu ngeri y'emu, ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi mu buli ssemattuluba biwandiikidde amaladero g'abalonde ku lukuŋŋaana olunene olw'ekika kya gavumenti oba okuyitira mu bukiiko bw'ekibiina. Abalonda bano ba namba bannakyemalira ku kibiina, abakungu abalonde, oba abalwanyi abamala ekiseera ekiwanvu abeesigalibwa okulonda abannamunimu. Bw'okuba nga ofumiti bw'owa akalulu, ojja kulonda ekiwandiiko kya prezidenti ekinaakiikirira embeera yo.

Omutawaana Afuga Byonna

Mu mavidiyo 48, D.C., omunyabizi awangula obululu obusinga mu ggwanga eryo afuna obululu bwonna obutegekebwa. Kino kitwalibwa ng'enkola eya pulogulamu eya byonna. Maine ne Nebraska zokka ze zikozesa enkola ya njawulo, nga ziwa omukisa wa mirundi ebiri okulonda omuwanguzi w'eggwanga yenna era n'okulonda omuvvunsi omu okuwangula buli lupapula lwa disitulikiti. Ekiragiro kino okuwangula - byonna kye kisinga obukulu mu Electoral Collegery kubanga kissa essira ku maanyi g'omukulembeze w'eggwanga okulonda omu, nga kituukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa bwonna obuva mu buli ssomero.

Okutuuka ku Musulo 270

Kubanga omuwendo gwonna ogw'abalonde gumalirizibwa nga 538, omubatize yeetaaga 270 okwewola obwannannyini okubeera omukulembeze. Omunyabiga we ono akiikirira ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Electoral College. Singa omunyabiti tatuuka ku 270, okulonda kusalibwawo kuyinza kusalibwawo kw' House of Svements, nga buli kabaka akalonda akalaga ab'eggwanga ke baakubisaamu akatego kamu. Kino kibaddewo emirundi ebiri gyokka mu byafaayo bya Amereka, mu 1800 ne 1824, naye nga tewakyali mateeka ga nfulumende mu ku kulonda okw'ebipande ebya waggulu.

Obukodyo 270 obusinga n'obukugu obulala bwonna. Ayongera ku bukonkosi bw'eby'obugagga bwe bakozesa mu bitundu awatakkirizibwa kutuuka ku buwanguzi, nga biyitibwa station oba gavumenti, mu kifo ky'okugezaako okugaziya obululu obutongole mu ggwanga. Kino kiggumiza akakwate akali wakati w'obululu bwolonda n'obwo obubeera mu Electoral College: ensonga z'osalawo ze we zikoma singa obaako ensonga z'owanyisa mu ggwanga erimu.

Endowooza Ekakafu Eba Wakati w’Omukutu Gwo n’Elctoral College

Engeri Buli Kipipa gy’Ovvuunulamu Ebiwandiiko by’Oluyimba

Buli luvwoota lwerukolebwa mu kulonda pulezidenti lukola ng'okutendeka abalonda ba gavumenti. Abano obungi bwe balonda mu ggwanga nga balonda omu ku omutikiti omu, abalonda ba gavumenti basibibwa mu mateeka oba ekibiina kyeeyagaliza okulonda omulonde oyo. Kino kitegeeza nti olonda kwo kugattiddwa wamu n'enkumi oba obukadde n'enkumi z'abantu okuzuula omuwanguzi w'eggwanga, era n'okuwangula ne balonda ekiwandiiko kyonna eky'omulonde wa gavumenti wansi w'amateeka agawangula.

Kino kikwata butereevu era mu mateeka. Abakungu ba gavumenti bakakasa ebiva mu kulonda, abawandiisi b'obululu nga balagiriza olukalala lw'abo abawangula, era n'abo abalondebwa mu Ddesemba okukuba obululu bwabwe. Emirimu egyo giyita okuva ku bukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu abakuba akalulu mu nsi nga mw'otwalidde n'egyo.

Empandika ekwata ku buyinza bwa gavumenti

Amakulu g'okulonda kwo gasinziira nnyo ku mbeera ki gy'olimu. Abalambuzi mu nsi eziwakanya ennyo eky'okulonda balina omukisa gwa maanyi nnyo okukwata ku kulonda okusinga abo abakuba akalulu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, akalulu akakolebwa mu Pennsylvania, Michigan, oba Arizona kayinza okulonda omuteesite w'alondebwa mu langi eyo, so nga bwe kiyinza obutasoboka akavwooti akakolebwa mu California oba Texas okukyusa ebivudde mu kalonda oyo ow'ensi yonna.

Njawulo eno y'emu ku ngeri ezisinga okwogerwako ennyo mu Electoral College. Abavumirira eky'okukuba essomero bagamba nti, mu ngeri eyo, tewaba mukolo mulungi, abavvuoti mu nsi enkuumi gye bawulira nga basobeddwa, ate abawagizi bagamba nti enkola eno ekuuma ebigendererwa by'ensi entono era nti abo ababa bagenda okusemba ereme okusingira ddala okumanyisa ebitongole ebikulu. Ka kibe nti osinziira ku nsonga eno, okutegeera ekifo eky'eggwanga kyo eky'okwetegereza ekitongole kikuyamba okumanya engeri enkola y'okulonda gy'ekwatagana n'ensonga y'eggwanga.

Ensibuko y’Ebyafaayo n’Emusingi gw’Etteeka

Okubuusabuusa Okukwata ku Lukiiko Olukulu olw’Etteeka

Electoral College yatandikibwawo mu kiseera kya Convention of Constitution eya 1787 ng'eyo ereetebwawo olukunkumuli lw'abo abaagala Conseil okulonda pulezidenti n'abo abaagala okukuba akalulu. Abaatandikawo baali beeraliikirivu nnyo olw'ebiwayinja, obusosoze, n'obuzibu obw'okulonda eggwanga mu kiseera eky'entambula n'obuwanguzi bw'entambula. Era baatya nti gavumenti z'abantu abatono zigenda zireebwa mu kalulu, ne basereba nga bateeka ekizimbe ky'eggwanga kye baali bazimba.

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, n'abalala abaali bavudde mu bibiina ebirala baakubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga nnyingi nga tebannayingira Electoral College. Hamilton yawaayitiriza mu 'Federalist No. 68 nti enteekateeka teyinza kukakasa nti omulimu gwa Pulezidenti guyinza kutuuka ku muntu yenna ataweereddwa bisaanyizo bya waggulu. Enkola eno yakolebwa okuba ekisumuluzo eky'okwerinda wakati w'okulonda okwa bulijjo n'okulonda okusembayo, wadde nga okugukozaamu omulimu gw'okuvvuunula ebitongole ebitongole bya gavumenti.

Abaalekayo Enkyukakyuka mu Bufumbo Abasatu mu Bisatu n'Eby’Obusika Byabwe

Electoral College era yakolebwako olukalala lw'abasibe abasatu ab'obufumbo ab'oku Ssaddaaka, olubalibwa ng'abantu abaddu nga ebitundu bisatu ebisatu eby'omulembe ogwali guwandiikiddwa olw'okutuumibwako obukwasiddwa obuddu. Kino kyawa obuyinza obulala obwa kiika ddyo obutawa bantu eddembe ery'okulonda abaddu. Wadde nga omutemwa gwa Feffath Claus yaggibwawo oluvanyuma lw'entalo eya Nineensed , ekisinziiro ekiri wakati wa Electoral College and obuddu nga buli kimu ku bintu ebikulu ebisinzibwa mu bukulembeze bw'ensi eno era n'ensonga ezigikwata ku ku ku ddembe lyayo.

Ellectoral College yayita mu nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ezajjawo oluvannyuma lw'okukyusa kw'amateeka n'enkyukakyuka mu ssemateeka. Ententha ya Twelfth Amerekance, eyakkirizibwa mu 1804, yaddamu okulonda pulezidenti era omumyuka wa pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw'okulonda mu 1800. Enkyukakyuka eya Amakumi abiri muTTHD, yakkirizibwa mu 1961, yatongozebwa Washington, D.C. Wadde nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka zino, enteekateeka esookedde mu nnyinyonyo okubeera nga ziteredde ddala okumala ebyasa ebikumi bibiri.

Ebirowoozo Ebikyamu Ebikwata ku Kasomero

Endowooza Enkyamu Ekwata ku Bulamu bw’Amawanga

Abavvuoti bangi balowooza nti oyo afuna obululu obusinga mu ggwanga lyonna yeefunira obukulembeze. Kino tekituufu. Electoral College yakola ba prezidenti bataano abaafiirwa obululu bw'eggwanga nga: John Quincy Adams (185), Rutherford B. Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush000 ne Donald Trump (2016). Kino kibaawo nga omuteesi anyagattidde ebitundu by'ensi eziwerako, ne bwe kinyambulaamu ebigere byabwe eby'ebiwandiro ebirala.

Okutegeera enjawulo eno kikulu nnyo mu kutegeera ebiva mu kulonda. Bw'owulira nti omunyamerika "avunaana obululu," omuwendo guyoleka omuwendo gwa buli omu eyalondebwa mu nsi yonna naye nga si ye yawangula. Electoral College y'omukungu, era okusalawo kwe kusalirwa ka kibe ki ekiba kivudde ku bannannyini mu langi mu ggwanga.

Obudde n'obutebenkevu

Endowooza endala enkyamu eri nti okulonda kulimu akabi akalala. Mu butuufu, e Electoral College ekola ebweru w'obuyinza. Eggwanga lya golooma litandika ebitundu ebiyitibwa frivestant, era nga ezo ezo ezitwalibwa nga tezimanyidde era nga zisobola okugenda mu ngeri endala yonna. Ebitundu eby'obutebenkevu nabyo biwagira nnyo ekibiina kimu. Olw'okuba kaweefube ow'okukuba akakwate amalira essira ku ku ku sistemu y'enkola y'emu, abalonde mu nsi ezo bassibwako essira, okulanga eby'okulanga ebikolebwako, n'okujjuza ebiva mu mawanga amalala. Voterss mu nsi ezo ziyinza okulowooza nti ebiteesookero byabwe si bya waggulu nnyo, ne byeyongera okulonda.

Obukodyo buno buviiriddeko okuleetawo enkyukakyuka, nga mw'otwalidde n'okuteesa okuzza obululu ku Electoral College mu kifo kyayo oba okulonda mu ggwanga oba okugoberera National Popular Vote Intertate Community, eyandiwadde obululu bwa gavumenti obuwagizi bw’oyo eyawangula akalulu k'ensi eyo akaatereezebwa awamu n'okulonda obululu 270.

Obutakkaanya obwaliwo oba Obutakkiriziganya n’Essaawa Ebiri mu Kkolero

Enkaayana Ezisiimibwa

Abawagizi ba Electoral College bawa ensonga zino enkulu. Ekisooka, enkola eno ekuuma ebigendererwa by'ensi n'ekakasa nti abo ababa bagenda okufuuka bapresidenti balina okuzimbira wamu ebitundu bingi mu kifo ky'okwemalira ku bifo omuli abantu abangi. Awatali Estaleal College, abo abaagala okugenda okunywa ku nkula y'ebibuga ebinene ebitonotono era nga babuusa amaaso ebitundu eby'eby'omu byalo n'abantu ebitono.

Ekyokubiri, e Electoral College ekubiriza enkola ey'okulonda mu nvirondo za gavumenti. Buli ggwanga likubiriza okulonda, ne likakasa ebiva mu kulonda, era ne liweereza n'abalonda balyo. Enkola eno ekwatagana n'etteeka eryagobererwa erifuga gavumenti.

Ekyokusatu, enkola eno ekubiriza enkalala z'ebiwandike. Oyo agenda okulondebwa ateekwa okuwangula ebitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu mu bitundu byonna eby'ensi eyo okutuuka ku bavoota 270, abakuba obululu mu bitundu ebiyinza okubuusibwa amaaso.

Obutakkaanya Obuba Buzzeewo

Abakugu bagamba nti, ekisingirayo ddala obukulu kwe kuba nti Electoral College esobola okuvaamu omuwanguzi ataaweebwa kalulu abasingayo obukyasingi mu ggwanga, bangi gye batwala nti tekozesa demokulase. Kino kibaddewo emirundi ebiri mu kulonda omukaaga okusembayo, ne kiviirako abantu obutateeka bwesige mu nkola y’okukuba obululu.

Ekyokubiri, omuwanguzi akyusa enkola eya buli omu eyagiwangula n'asalawo okulonda n'awagira omunyabintu mu ggwanga erimu. Singa olonda omunyaga ajjira mu buyinza obw'okubiri, obululu bwo tebuwagira kivaamu ggwanga. Kino kiyinza okuleetera omulonzi okulonda mu bitundu ebitegekebwa nga bwe kiragibwa nga tekinnaba kutuukirizibwa.

Ekyokusatu, enkola eno ereetebwawo essira ku ngeri y'okulondamu ebitongole ebikola nga bannantameggwa, nga bonna abayinza okusalawo ekinaava mu kalulu akakolerwamu akakolerwamu akakolerwamu akakolerwako. Kino kiviirako okutwalibwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo mu bitundu ebitono ate ng'ensi endala tezitera kutwalibwa ng'obusobozi.

Engeri Ebintu by’Okozesa gye Biyambamu

Wadde nga kizibu nnyo ku Electoral College, okulonda kwo tekulina makulu. Buli kalulu konna kokka kaleetera omuwendo gw'abo abawangula mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mbeera ey'okuvuganya, emitendera egiva ku buwanguzi giyinza okuba nga layinsi, era buli kalulu ke kalonda aka nnamaddala. Okulonda okwakolebwa mu Florida okwamalibwa mu mwaka gwa 2000 kwasalibwawo nga 537 okulonda, era akalulu 2020 mu Georgia kaasalibwawo abalonde abali wansi wa 12,000. Mu magatte, omuteesi yalonda ani eyasalawo alondebwa gavumenti, omu eyasalawo ani eyalonda abalonde b'eggwanga eryo era oluvannyuma lw'omuweze, akaafunjanjabiro, akaafuna pulezi w'eggwanga oyo yafuuka pulezidenti.

Ne mu bitundu ebikuumibwa, okulonda kwo kuleetera abalonde kutegeeza. Kayamba mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo n'eggwanga ku ngeri eby'obufuzi gye bizze bikolebwamu, era kaleetera empaka z'amasannyalaze okukka wansi ku k'entebe, ennyumba, ne ofiisi za gavumenti, era kayoleka n'obulango bw'abantu. Okulonda okw'omu kitundu, ebipimo, n'emikolo gy'amakanisa era by'osinziira ku bantu abeenyigidde mu kulonda kwa bapresidenti. Amaanyi n'okukuba akasimu ebyo ebiba bikolebwa ne kampuni z'abapresidenti bisobola okuleetera abakungu bonna okukuba amagattiddwa.

[[AK'AKAYITI:0] Ekintu ekisinga obukulu ky'osobola okukola kwe kulonda. College temalawo maanyi g'eddoboozi lyo; ekozesa enkola eya sistemu eya bulijjo ebadde mu kifo kyayo okumala ebyasa ebisukka mu bibiri. Okutegeera engeri gye kikusobozesa okukuba bboozi yo mu kiwato ekyo nga weekakasa era nga kitegeerekeka.

Nyweza Eddoboozi Lyo nga Okola Omulimu Gwo

Okusobola okukola obulungi akalulu ko ku nnyiriri eziriraanyewo ku Electoral College, sooka osooke otegeere oba nga embeera yo etambula, oba nga waliwo w'oyimiririzaamu. Okumanya kuno kukuyamba okutegeera engeri kalonda wo gy'akukwatamu era kuyinza okukukulembera mu kaweefube era n'okukusobozesa okukola kaweefube n'okukwata obukujju.

Ekyokubiri, okulonda n'okulonda mu ggwanga. Abateesiteesi b'eggwanga, abagabe, abafuzi, n'abakungu ba kalonda, bakola kinene nnyo mu kukubiriza okulonda, okulonda ensalo za disiturikiti, n'okukakasa ebiva mu kulonda. Akalulu k'okoze mu langi zino kayinza kukyusa ngeri Ppulizidenti gy'anaalondamu abantu mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Ekyokusatu, beera mumanyisi ebikwata ku nkyukakyuka eziba ziteereddwawo. Emboozi ezikwata ku Electoral Congress, ama kapaawuli g'essomero n'abayivu. Bw'oba owagira enteekateeka eriwo, bw'oba oyagala okulonda abantu mu nsi, oba bw'oyagala okulaba engeri endala ez'okugaba ebiteegera ku ngeri Amerika gy'elondamu abakulembeze baayo, naawe otunuulira endowooza yo mu ngeri eno.

Eky'okuna, yamba abalala okutegeera enkola eno. Abavvuoti bangi babuzaabuziddwa ku ngeri Electoral College gye ekolamu era ne ku nsonga ezikwata ku kulonda. Enjigiriza ezituufu ziyinza okukendeeza ku kubuzaabuzibwa n'okukubiriza abantu okwenyigira mu kugattikanya ebyo ebibakwatako. National Tterectoral [ Kino kiwandisizza ebikwata ku nkola ya Elctoral College, ne USA.gov

Ku nkomerero, kakasa ebiwandiisi byo era ofube okulonda. Buli kalulu kasalawo abo abalabikira. Okumanya ekifo kyo we kituukirawo, okutegeera ebisaanyizo by'eggwanga lyo, era n'okumanya aw'okulonda okusooka okukolebwa, kiyinza okuggyawo enkonge ezikulemesa okwenyigira mu kulonda. Amakoppi nga Ennukuta ennukuta n'empanya [[FLT]] era n'omanya ebiba bikukwatako nga ebivudde mu ku ku kunoonyereza okw'empaka 270.

fundikira

Electoral College y'emu ku ngeri ey'enjawulo eya munnaawulamu Amereka gy'erina okulonda okukwata ku ngeri ensi gy'eyinza okubaamu okuyitira mu mubakama w'eggwanga. Okulonda kwo kwe kukooleka ani afuna obululu bwa gavumenti gy'olonda, era abo abakulonda be basalawo okufuuka bannabyabufuzi. Wadde ng'enteekateeka eno elina abawagidde n'abavumirira, era nga otegeera engeri gye ekolamu bw'ekusobozesa okukola obulungi omulimu gw'okulonda.

Buli kalulu k'olonda ka ka kibe nti obeera mu mbeera erwanirizibwa oba ng’oli mukakafu, ensonga z'oyingiramu ziyinza okubaako ky'osalawo ku ngeri abakulonda gye babalangamu, naye tekukendeeza musingi omukulu ogukwata ku kulonda okukolebwa abantu abasalawo okuwuliziganya ne eddoboozi lyabwe.