Obuguwa bw’Okukwata ku Nkola y’Abayizi ba Bayibuli: Engeri Emikutu gy’Abazannya n’Abazannya Egitali Mirungi

Okusiba ekiba kikakasizza nnyo ku nkola ya demokulase naye, ek'okukubiriza abantu okukola ebintu mu ngeri entegeke obulungi kwe kugezaako okutegeeza abakungu ba gavumenti engeri gye bayinza okugololaamu amateeka n'ebiragiro ebifuga abantu. Kino tekikoma ku kuba nga kikuumibwa mu nteekateeka ya demokulase, ewa gavumenti obuyinza obw'okusaba. Kyokka, engeri emirimu egikolebwa mu kiseera kino n'obukugukugu n'obukugu bw'okusiikuuzi ebyayo, ereese ebibuuzo ku nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka n'ebiruubirirwa bya gavumenti.

Okutegeera engeri abasomesa, abayizi, n'abatuuze gye bakwatibwako nga bawagidde enkola zaabwe. Ebyo bye basalawo okuva ku kaweefube ow'okusiikiriza abantu bikwata ku byonna okuva ku by'obujjanjabi ebizingirwa mu by'obujjanjabi n'ebiragiro by'obutonde n'okusasula emisolo gy'eggwanga. Bwe twekenneenya enkola ez'enjawulo ezikozesebwa mu kukyusa enkola z'obufuzi, n'ebizikwata ku nkola zaazo, tusobola okutegeera obulungi engeri gye zikolera mu matwale g'obuyinza.

Okusambajja Kye Ki?

Okusiba ekiba kitegekeddwa ng'emboozi n'omuteesi w'amateeka, kizingiramu ebintu bingi ebikolebwa okuleetera abakwasi b'amateeka okussaawo amateeka agamu, okugakyusa, oba okugagaana. Ennyinnyonnyola eno ekoma ku kutegeeza obukugu n'abakungu ba gavumenti, naye ezingiramu enkola ezikozesebwa:

  • [[Act:0] Dract Advocation:[[[Act:1] Kino kitegeeza nti olukuŋŋaana n'abawi b'amateeka, abaami, oba abakungu b'amatabi okuweerayo agumenti, oba okumanya ebifa ku byuma.
  • Ekiragiro kino kiwaayo [[[NKULU][:1] Okuwaayo eri kaweefube ow'eby'obufuzi, obukiiko obukola ku by'obufuzi (PACs), oba PCCs ez'amaanyi okusobola okukkirizibwa n'okuganja.
  • [[NT]]GRASROots Kibinja kya kusiimula: Kino kiyamba abo abali mu kibiina okusobola okuzzaamu ab'oluganda ababa babakiikirira nga bakozesa essimu, ennya, ennyunzi, oba kaweefube ow'okukolera ku mikutu gy'empuliziganya.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Okunoonyereza n'okuggyamu empandika ez'amakulu: Okuwandiika empapula enjeru, okunoonyereza okw'empandika ez'omu nnukuta empanvu, oba okunoonyereza okusobola okubaako kye kukola ku nsonga ezizingirwa mu kuwakana.
  • Ekizimbe [[Act:0] Ekiva mu bufunze:[[Act:1] Ebibiina ebigatta awamu bisobole okuyamba okuleetawo entegeka ez'enjawulo mu kukozesa obuyimbi n'okusobozesa ebizimbe ebikoledwa awamu.

Obuvunaanyizibwa obw’Amaanyi Amalala

Bannasayansi bapangisa ba kampuni ezikola ku nkola zino. Bakoza ba kampuni, bannabyabusuubuzi, bannabyabusuubuzi, bamemba, ne gavumenti endala. Omuwendo gwabwe ogusinga kuba mu busobozi bwabwe ne mu nkolagana zaabwe. Abawagizi abatuuka ku buwanguzi bamanyi enkola y'enkola y'okussaawo amateeka, bamanyi entebe ez'entebe n'abakozi bakulu ab'ebitongole ebikola ku butebenkevu. Era bakebera ebitongole ebifuga emirimu n'ebiragiro bya kkooti ebisobola okuganyula bakasitoofiizza.

Wadde nga bannabyabujaamu balagibwa ng'abakugu, bangi bakola nga bannabyabumanyisa. Mu mbeera enzibu, abateekawo amateeka beesiga abo abagezaako okunnyonnyola ebizingirwa mu ssente eziba zifuniddwa, okuva ku nkola y'eby'enfuna okutuuka ku nkola y'enkola ya sayansi ey'obutonde bw'ebifo. Okunoonyereza 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Brookings Institution kwalaga nti abo abawagizi bawa obubaka bungi era obutuuka mu kiseera kyayo okusinga obusobola okugobererwa ebitongole ebikola ku butongole ebikola ku by'obutongole. Omulimu guno guyinza okuba nga gukkirizibwa, naye era gusobozesa eb'ensonga ezigobeeyambibwa n'ebigaawe ebya bulijjo okugwawo: bye bisobola okuggira ddala mu madoboozi g'amaloboozi g'amasanyuma.

Akafaananyi Akalabika ng’Akalimu Okucaase

Engeri abantu gye basalawo okwogeramu n’okukwata amateeka zaawukana mu ngeri ez’enjawulo:

Okuzannya Empanvu: Mungulu

Eno ye ngeri esingayo obulungi ey'enjawulo .Nkuŋŋaana ezikolebwa ku bawagizi ba mateeka n'abo abazikola. Abawagizi bawa abantu amateeka, era n'okugezaako okukolagana obulungi n'abantu mu ngeri eyo. Okuyingiza obubaka obwo kiba kikkirizibwa mu bitundu bingi; akakiiko akayitibwa Lobbing Discloasure Act kikolamu obuwandiisibwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, era ne kikwetaagisa okuwa alipoota ez'emirimu n'eby'embalirira. Kyokka, wabaawo obusaze nga "bukkirizisa" okuyitira mu mafekereza g'amateeka oba kampuni eziwabula amagezi awatali kunoonya bulagirizi mu lukalala lw'amateeka.

Obusika n’okuzannya

Ekiragiro kino kigenderera okuleetera abantu okukakaatika ku bantu aba bulijjo. Kiba kirungi okusuubira nti wayinza okubaawo ebibiina ebikola ku mbeera z'obudde nga birwanirira enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka z'obudde. Naye enkola y'emu oluusi egobererwa mu kuyingira mu luwandikiro, awakolebwa kampuni eziyamba abantu okumanyibwa ennyo abantu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuntu ateeka ekika kya demokulase ekiwayiti ekiyitibwa "Citimans for Cec es" ekikozesebwa okulanga eby'okulagiriza ebilango eby'ennono ebigamba nti ebikontana n'ebiragiro ebifuga enneentu. Ssaayansi za bannabya teyo ze[[FLT:]Klentman Kino kiraga nti kaweefube w'eby'amateeka agaawula amateeka ga bantu.

Okukolera ku Byetaago by’Okwekwasa: Amaanyi mu Kubala

Ebibiina ebikola emirimu nga bikolera wamu, bisobola okuleetera abakola eby'obufuzi okwongera amaanyi.

Engeri y’Okukyusaamu Emirimu gy’Okwezaamu

Okunoonyereza kukwata ku mateeka kuleetedde abantu okubaako ebintu bye bawa abafuzi, era kuyambye n’abalala okumanya ebizingirwamu.

Okukyusa Amateeka

Bannasayansi bangi bakola bingi okusinga abawagizi oba abo abawakanya ebbanga eribawa. Amateeka mangi, okuva ku kukyusa eby'enfuna n'okukyusa enkola y'eby'obulamu, gakola ennombo ezitegekebwa ebibiina bya maindakiti. Olupapula 2019 mu American Political Science Review[ baakizuula nti ebiwandiiko ebiva mu makolero agava mu makolero ga banka ziyinza okuteekamu enteekateeka ez'okutereeza ekibiina. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ebbaasawo Dodd-Fod-Foff eririk'agibwa mu by'obusuubuzi ebisukka mu 300 ebiva mu bunne mu buttunzi obuva mu ku ku ku budduukirize bwa banka ne mu masulo gamu.

Okutuusa Akasoobo mu Kitongole Ekikola ku by’Obulimi

Okugoba ssente ku kkomo kusobola okuzza obuwaanyi ku nkola eza gavumenti gye zikolagana, kkampani oba ebbali ez'emisolo. Olugero "Iron Triangle" olw'akabonero lulaga akakwate n'enkolagana wakati w'obukiiko bwa congraliation, ebitongole ebikola nga b'obutongole, n'ebibiina eby'okwewandiisa mu kifo ekisooka. Abakompanizi abasobola okuziganya bye bateekako ssente ezisinga okugula ku nkola y'ebyuma eby'okulwanyisa, gamba nga, okunoonyereza okumukulembereza kubadde kulaga nti buli doola eriba limaze okusabizibwamu enzijjuvu. Okusinziira ku kumanya okwo, omulimu guyinza okuvaamu $2.

Bayambe Okufuna Enkyukakyuka mu Bukulembeze

Wadde nga Congress, ekubiriza okussaawo amateeka mu ntegeka za gavumenti. Wansi w'ekitongole kya gavumenti, abakiikirivu bateekwa okulowooza ku bye boogera nga tebannassaawo kakwakkulizo. Lobbyiss ategeeza ebisaze ebisaze, okusisinkana abakungu ba gavumenti, era emirundi egimu bateesa ku mateeka agali emabega w'enzigi. Ekivaamu kiyinza okuba nga "okukwasisa oba okukugirwa" awantu gye batwala enzigi z'emirimu gye basuubira okutereeza. Oluggi olwo nga lutegeeza abo abaaliko abawagizi babaddeko abawagizi banoonya nga banoonya obweyawunzi bwa makolero. A 20211 Alipoota y'ekibiina kya American Revoccent ne baadingsssssss (abawabuzi oba abawabuzi ba manyaze) baaweeyambizi ba makolero ge baasa pulominti.

Okumanya Obulungi Ebikwata ku Bantu

Kaweefube ow'okunyanyisa abantu mu ngeri endala kitera okuzingiramu okuleetera abantu okumanya ensonga ezimu, oluusi ne kiganyula abantu. Kaweefube ow'okukkirizisa abantu k'okukkakkana k'ensi mu Amerika asobozesa obukadde n'obukadde n'obukadde okuyiga akabi akali mu kunywa ssigala. Ku luuyi olulala, kaweefube ow'okudda ennyuma ayinza okusaasaanya ebikyamu nga ddala obuteeberezebwa mu mbeera y'obudde.

Ebizibu Ebibaawo mu Buwanguzi n’Emiwaatwa ey’Okuvunaanibwa

Wadde ng’okuyingira mu buyinza kigwana, engeri gye kitambulamu tevaamu kalungi konna kaleetera abantu obutassa bwesige mu bufuzi bwa demokulase.

Okutawaana n'Okufuna Obusosoze

Wadde nga mu Amerika ne mu nsi endala nnyingi mulimu okukakaatika obuwandiisi, abakwasirize bateekwa okukwatibwa. Bikolero bingi ebikolebwa nga bawandiisa abantu si bya maanyi: "Kaweefube ogusasula ebizimbe, oba ebipande ebisaasaanyiza abantu ku mikutu gy'empuliziganya, tebitera kumanyibwa. Nkumbula ya bantu, tewaba kyangu kulaga bifaananyi ebiba biwanyiziddwa mu by'obufuzi nga bayitira mu bibinja by'ensi ebikutte, nga bino byewandisizza ebisalebwa abawandisi abawabuzi oba ebiba byagwo ebitayanikibwa okuva mu 2010 Kkootikko. Kkootikko n'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi ebya waggulu bya Suntulight Foundation bye bikola.

Entegeka ey’Okutuusaako

Ebibiina ebikola eby'eddagala bisobola okukaka abantu okusemba era nga buli kitundu kyasemba omuwagizi wa gavumenti. Kyokka ebibiina ebitono ebikola eby'obuwangwa n'ebitongole bya gavumenti by'eby'obusuubuzi tebirina bingi ebisobola okugunjiza abafuzi. Abatuuze aba bulijjo bayisibwa mu ngeri eyo ne babaako kye beenoonyeza mu ngeri esikiriza mu bantu.

Okuvunaanibwa n’Okukyusibwa

Enkyukakyuka eziba ziteekeddwawo zizingiramu okumanyisa abo be ziyinza okusemba, okuwera ebirabo n'okutwala abalabirizi, okweyongera kw'ensimbi ezikozesebwa mu kulabirira obukiiko, n'obunnyogovu nga abakungu bannabyabufuzi tebannafuuka bawagizi. Ekiragiro Europe Union kyayigirizza abawagizi okukaka abawagizi okuwa olukalala lwako olukalala lwa bannannyini nabo ssente ze basaasaanya. Kyokka, okusemba okukkirizibwa okwo kwenyinyiigira ennyo mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi, era n'enkyukakyuka zonna ezikoleddwa ziteekwa okuteeka mu kifo ekisaanira eky'okuteeka mu nkola emitindo egikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga zonna.

Endowooza Ekyamu Ebikwata ku Bintu Ebyafaayo: Yatandika Okuzuukuka

Mu nkola y'okukakaatika gavumenti ya Amerika nga tennaba kutandika, naye engeri gye yatandikawo mu kiseera kino mu kiseera kya Gilbed Age. Railtraurt barpons ne bannabizineesi baawa enguzi mu lujjudde. Ekikolwa kya Pendelleton Act mu 1883 kyatandika okugunjawo gavumenti naye okusemba okukakala okusiibya okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1946 nga Act of Lobbing Act. Mu 1970, okuyingira kwa kampuni kwa bantu bonna kwatandikawo, nga Commond Cause and Sierra Clubreat okutegeka okubuuka n'okumenya amateeka. Mu 1998, olukiiko olukulu olw'okuwandiika olukalala lwatandikawo mu ggwanga. Wabula, mu kiseera kino, kkooti enkulu mu Amerika, enzikirizibwamu na kaweeyambisibwa mu ngeri nti teyaziyambisibwamu.[FFFF1]

Abasomesa: Enjigiriza ku Kuzannya Omuzannyo gw’Okwebongera mu Bbanga

Abasomesa balina kinene kye bakola okuteekateeka abayizi okuyita mu nkola esobozesa abo abaagala okuyiga okuyiga okuyiga ebintu ebyetaagibwa ennyo.

  • [[AKMENTI:0] Okutegeera enkola y'Amateeka:[ Abayizi basaanidde okumanya engeri etteeka gye lifuukamu era n'abo abannyiki gye bayingira mu nsonga nga] akakwakulizo bwe kayingira mu nsonga.]
  • [[Akabonero:0] Akawayiro akaleetera abayizi okwekenneenya ebifa ku nfuna mu bya politiki: Ekiragiro kibakubiriza okwekenneenya ebifa ku kampeyini nga bakozesa eby'okukozesa nga Opensecrets. Basabe okugeraageranya okusaasasulira amaloboozi mu makolero ne bakebera amaloboozi gannaago agatasobola kuzuula.
  • Embala Enola y'obulaguzi: Weekenneenye kaweefube ow'enjawulo akolebwa mu kaweefube okulemesa ba ttaaba kuziyiza kweyimirizaamu kwenkana wa kaweefube ageetaagibwa ku mulimu oguziyiza obutundu bwa FIFDA mu myaka gya 1990, oba ekifo ekikolebwa ku ddagala ery'eddagala eriziyiza Medicare okuva ku buguzi bw'embalirira. Okwawukana ku ngeri abantu gye basoboddemu okusikiriza okubugya mu bitundu ebyo, gamba nga kaweefube w'okuziyiza okukendeeza ku n'okwewala okuva mu sigala.
  • [[Act:0] Obutuuze obw'omulimu:[ Yigiriza abayizi nti nabo basobola okukkiriza abatuuze baabwe ne babagamba okukituukiriza. Nga beegatta ku bibinja by'ababaka, oba nga bategeeza mu kuwuliriza. Okutegeera ensobi z'ensi tekusaanidde kubaleetera kunyooma balala naye nga bategeeza abo ababa bagenda okuyogereza.
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Empaka ez'enjawulo:[ Emboozi ezikwata ku kukaka abantu okusiimula oba okulaga nti okkiriza obubaka obuba bukkiriziddwa, oba singa kiba kikolwa kya ddembe. Mukola kino okukubagana ebirowoozo n'ebirungi ebiyinza okuvaamu nga wakozesezza ebyokulabirako eby'ebyafaayo n'ebyaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu.

Okugeraageranya Ebintu Ebiri mu Nsi: Okuzannya Amasavu Okwetooloola Ensi

Amerika ye njawulo ku muwendo gw'enkola ya demokulase mu nsi ezikubiriza abantu okukola emirimu egitali gimu naye nga demokulase nnyingi zirina engeri ezaazo. Mu Bulaaya Union, okusikirizibwa kutwalibwa nga "ggyst" era ebiwandiiko bya EU ebiwandiikiddwako bisukka mu 12,000. Ekiragiro kya Canada kisobozesa lipoota eziba za kampuni okukaka obutego okuteeka mu nkola enkola y'okugookolo. Kyokka, ensi nnyingi ezikula tezirina mateeka ga n'enkyukakyuka eziva mu bukkulembedde. Okunoonyereza okw'enjawulo kulaga nti empaka n'obukuubaga n'obukuubagavu kuyinza okusobozesa ekireetera abamu kuyisa obubi obusinga obungi, naye tewali nkola yonna esobola okugonjoola ekizibu eky'okugonjooleka obungi.

Enkyukakyuka ez’Omu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Okukwata ku Mikutu gya Disitulikiti n’Ekya Kyawandiikibwa

Okuyitirira mu ngeri ey'enjawulo n'enkola ya mitawaana emingi, bireeseewo enkola empya: engeri ey'okusikiriza abantu ku digina. Kati ebibiina by'abawandiisi abawandiisi abawandiike okusobola okwawula abavvugibwa, okutegeeza nti bawandiisi ba ddembe, era n'okukozesa enkola za bannasayansi ez'okuleetawo enfuze ez'enkumbula ez'enkugukanya, okusobozesa abantu okufuna amaanyi agatali ga bulijjo mu nsiko. Mu kiseera kya 2020 U.U.Ulabalaba okusa, ekitongole ekimu ekikolera ku diokitaasenti ekiyinza okusobola okukuuma obugolokofu bw'eby'obufuzi bwa demokulase.

Okwongera: Okuwagira Omudemokulase

Okusiba ekigo tekiri kirungi oba kibi; kya mu butonde kikola ku nteekateeka z'eby'obufuzi eziyoleka amaanyi g'abantu. Ku kikolwa kyayo, bawagizi ba bannabyabufuzi bakakasibwa nti bawuliriza endowooza ez'enjawulo era basobola okufuna obukugu mu bya tekinologiya. Ekisingira ddala, kisobozesa abagagga okumenya amateeka okubaganyula, okukendeeza obwesige bwabwe mu gavumenti. Okusoomooza abantu kwe baba nakwo tekulina kumalawo kukaka bantu kutwaliriza bukulembeze ne si kwe bawandifunze kufuga. Wabula, obuyinza obwo busobola okubufuga mu ngeri eyo ey'eyoleka obwenkanya, gye bukwatibwako, n'engeri ey'okutuuka ku nsonga. Bwe tutegeera ensonga, tuyinza okuwaliriza enkola y'okusalawo mu ngeri y'abantu bonna, so si eyo ey'okusikiriza obukukolera abantu abasinga obukulembezza obunene.

Okusobola okweyongera okusoma, genda ku opensers error appending [ mu kunoonyereza okw'ebbula ly'amako/empandika obwa bulijjo; Brookings Institution appending[[ mu kunoonyereza okukolebwa; ne [[FLT] LIMBE] Albuctive Act Active Officement by'ekirwawo ekigo ekigobererwa obuterekebwa aka progo.[Ofit]