Akakwate aka Affordble Care Act (ACA), akaateekebwako omukono mu mateeka mu 2010, ke kamu ku buwagizi obwasinga okubuwakanyizidwa mu byafaayo bya Amereka. Okuva lwe yatandikawo, kkooti enkulu yeekenneenya ebiwandiiko byayo mu ngeri eya bulijjo mu nsonga eziwerako. Akakonge akakulu akakwata ku kusalawo kuno bwe bufirosoofo [[FLD:0] obwa strikiti[FLY:1]] era nga [][16] amakulu g'ensonga nti Amateeka galina okutegeerwa nga bwe gaatongozebwa mu kusooka. Enkola eno ekutte ennyo ku ngeri obwenkanya gye busengeke mu mateeka n'okukolagana n'enkola ya ACUA, Lawuza z'ebyuma z'ensirikiti, ne Clauslaus. Olwo kutegeeramu kwalina amakulu amakulu mu mateeka g'eby'obulamu mu kutegeera amateeka g'omu United States.

Enjigiriza eyo tey'eyo yokka. Mu kkooti esinga obukulu, munda mu nkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo. Ekiruubirirwa ekyayo eky'okusooka kiri nti (Bw'enjigiriza ebyamalanga mu birowoozo bya dipulooma, ] amakulu agamu mu bantu[ [nga g'omuntu omutegeevu mu kiseera kino] bw'asobola okutegeera empandiika y'enkola eya bulijjo). Enjawulo kubanga yeesigama ku bukakafu obwenkanya: empakaanyi eziva ku Nsonga, ebiwandiikibwa empapula, ebiwandiikibwa bulijjo, n'ebikolwa ebyasooka, ebiva mu njigiriza ez'obusobo obusinga obunene mu ku nsonga ezifuga, enneenkanya olukalala ezikwata ku nsonga ez'ensonga ez'enjawulo ezikwata ku nkola ey'okukyusa obulamu bw'abantu, ez'enkola mu nsi.

Okusookera Ddala ku Lubereberye Kirungi Ki?

Ku ntandikwa, enjigiriza y'enkola eya bulijjo egamba nti amakulu g'amateeka gaateekebwawo mu kiseera eky'okuyungibwa. Buli nkyukakyuka yonna ku makulu galina okujjawo okuyitira mu nkola y'okukyusa amakulu, so si okunnyonnyola amakulu g'empandika ey'amateeka. Abawagizi bagamba nti okusikirizibwa kw'okusibuka ku balamuzi ab'edda kukugira abalamuzi okussaawo enkola zaabwe eza bulijjo era n'okukakasa nti bavunaanyizibwa ku demokulase. Olw'okuba Omulamuzi Antonin Scalia, omukulembe omukulu, omututumu, eyamanyibwa ennyo, yawandiika: "Ekiwandiiko kya 'Lwinyisibwa tekiriwo ddala, kifu, era kifu.'abawakanya enkola ya Baibuli, bagamba nti eyinza okuvaamu ebintu ebibangi okuva ku mitindo egya bulijjo era nti okuvuganyanya kwa ebyafaayo ku k'akasaze. Wadde nga empalaago, okukkirizibwa kw'ekibiina kya mateeka ekitongole ekimanyiddwa mu mateeka.

Ekiwandiiko eky'obulombolombo okufuuka ettuttumu mu kkooti kyakwatagana n'ekyo ekyakolebwa mu 1986 mu Lukiiko olukulu olw'omu ASA. Omulamuzi Scalia okusemba Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorforeth, Brett Kavanuugh, ne Amy Coney Barrett, abo bonna abategeera engeri ezimu ez'enkola ey'ekika kya gravice(""" bekyusizza mu ku nnukuta y'ekiko. Mu bye byagobero bisatu ebyasooka, kino kitegeeza okunoonyereza mu mpandiikako, okwekereza, okwekenneekera obunene n'okusoosa obunyonnyonnyonnyonnyolebwa okwasooka okw'amakulu, era n'amakulu geesigamye ku makulu g'ebigambo nga "merce," mu "kifoomukitundu ekiddirira "" ekisenge eky'ensonga enkulu" ekigobeeyambiddwa mu kkooti enkulu e AC.

Ebikolwa: Obujulizi Obunene obw’ASA

National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius (202)

Ekigezo ekisooka ekya grandment of the ACUS ky'otadde ku k'awulumu k'awunzi kiwa ekiragiro ekitegeeza nti abafuzi ba Amerika balina okuwoolera eggwanga oba okusasula ekibonerezo. Gavumenti yalwanirira obuyinza wansi wa Busuubuzi bwa Claus, ng'egamba nti okugaana ensuwanyi za nsuwalensi. Kyokka, omufuzi ataano agaana empaka eyo. Omukulu John Roberts, awandiikira kkooti, yakkiriza nti Chookemaste Clausce, tawagira kakiiko kawa abantu okukakaatiriza abantu okwenyigira mu by'obusuubuzi; kye kimu ku nsonga ezibaddewo. Endowooza eno eviira ddala enzivumidde mu musingi gwa musingi gwa olubereberye: okutegeera okwasooka okwa "mercece" nga "onceurce" oba "tratest" terimu Robert promouse" nga projectives of traces of traces promous promosementssss of promous promouments propertical [F.[FFod

Omulamuzi Scalia, nga yeegasse ku Justice Kennedy, Thomas, ne Alito, baaleetawo obutakkaanya okwawula endowooza y'abamu ku buwandiike. Baawakanya ekiragiro nti okukakaatika ekiva ku mateeka si musolo (okutuukiriza lala okwagalibwa gavumenti) kubanga ekigambo “nga bwewa obuwambe” mu mpandiika y'omusolo mu byawandiikibwa bya ACA yawa amagezi ku kigendererwa mu kifo ky'omuwendo ogw'okutuukiriza ebiruubirirwa. Okusinziira ku mateeka, omusolo ogwo gavumenti yakaka abantu okwesigama ku buyinza bw'omusolo. Mu nkomerero, Omukulembeze w'obuyinza Roberts awagira obuyinza bw'okusasula omusolo, ng'okugunjula ekkulu mu n'okugunjula ekiwandiiko ebyasooka, ekigamba nti abasosebwa abamu mu kusooka baawakanyanga obuterekero obwa bulijjo. [F:]NFFFFFFFYC.[1]

Ku luuyi olulala, Kabaka Burwell (2015)

Mu [[NT:0] Kiro mu v. Burwell, kkooti yeekenneenya obanga ensasula eza gavumenti ez'ekitongole kya ACA ezikkirizibwa okukola mu nsawo za insuwalensi z'eby'obulamu ezigulibwa okuyitira mu kugabana n'okukyusaamu kw'ensi n'enkyukakyuka ezaategekebwa mu gavumenti. Ekiragiro kyawandiisa ekiragiro ku ntegeka y'ensi yonna nga yagulibwa “nga ensawo enzijizza omulimu gwa Centrectory [P]." Ekiragiro kyagamba nti amakulu g'ebigambo ebyo agakkirizibwa mu kuvvuwanyisa gavumenti. Ekiragiro kyagobereberye nti okusoma ebigambo mu ndukusaanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanya MPANDIKAT ."toosaawo Ekiragiro ekiwandikiro kyagobereberye n'ensonga zonna eziziikibwa mu kikolamu enzivvuunizo bya ACA.

Omulamuzi Omukulu Roberts yaddamu okuwandiikira abasinga obungi, naye endowooza ye ku mulundi guno teyagoberera enkola ey'okunoonyereza ku ndala mu kunoonyereza ku ngeri y'okuwandiika. Yategeera bulungi ebigambo naye n'amaliriza nti ebigambo “yateekebwawo gavumenti” birina okutaputulwa nga bitegeererwa ku biruubirirwa ebya ACA’’s. Okuzuula mu ngeri ndala, yawandiika enkola “yandiisa mu kampuni emu ey'obulamu obwa bulijjo” era n'avaamu obulaga nga: ebiba biremereddwawo ebirese byennyini ebireese bye bisobola okugonjoola bye binaawula ku by'annyini. Abasosokebwa bano, Thomas, ne Alto , mu lukalala lwosenti y'ensonga ez'omulala: era n'ensonga eyo eyinza okuteeka mu nkola nga enzirowo omulimu gwa Kkootiibwa ky'ensonga eyo, wadde nga kyawandiikibwa mu ngeri emanyiddwa ennyo ey'okunoonyereza.[1]

California v. Texas (2021)

Ekikolobero ekyakayita ekya ACA, California v. Texas, kyaddizibwa ku mateeka ga buli muntu nga kirina obuyinza obwa buno nga(ko ) naye nga kyakyuka. Mu 2017, kakiiko kaawerera ddala ekibonerezo ekiweebwa omuntu okulemererwa okukuuma insuwa, nga ataddewo $0. Abawaabi baakirizi baawakanya nti awatali musolo (omusolo gwago, gwabadde gulina okusasula) ekiragiro ekyo tekiyinza kukkirizibwa mu maanyi ga Basika ate bwe kityo, ASA zonna ziteekwa okugwa. Kkootikko, mu kusalawo 7.2, baasazaamu ensonga, nga batwala nti abawaayiti baayiti tebakola kabi. Naye okusala emisango emingi okwawukana ku ebyo ebyasooka, era n'okusinziira ku ndowooza ey'ebituufu, obungi kyalabika mu ku nsonga eyo.

Omulamuzi Thomas, eyalina omusango mu kusalira omusango yekka, yagamba nti ekiragiro ky'abantu kinnoomu, wadde nga tewali musango gusukka ku malala g'empewo za Congress. Yanoonya amakulu g'eky'obufuzi kya Claus, Ekkulu eyetaagisa era n'empalana ey'Okusasula amatwale, ng'ategeeza nti abantu abamu bawaliriza okugula ekintu "teebaali tebayinza kutegeera ng'amaanyi Amateeka kwe gawagidde kakiiko akaawula. Era yavumirira abasinga obungi olw'okulemererwa okutuuka ku malala, ng'ategeeza nti ekibuuzo ekyasooka kisaba okutegeerwa ne bwe kiba nga kivunaanibwa mu by'ebyensonga. Omulamuzi Alito, okugattirwa ku gaanyisiikiriza omusango Gorth, era n'eyongera, ng'awakanya ekiragiro ekireeteetaagibwa mu ngeri ey'ensonga ey'ensonga enkulu mu gavumenti, wadde nga teyeetaagisa biragiro. Okunoonyereza kwabwe ku makulu "reguak'ensonga ey'edda"." Kkokko akko akkiriri mu nsonga eyo eyo ayoleka mu nsonga eyo agikoze bulungi mu

Engeri Endowooza y’Obuntu n’Obukulu Ey’Omu Kkooti gye Yakyusamu Endowooza y’Obusosoze

Obubonero busatu bulaga enkola: okusala emisango mu ngeri ey'ekika kya Amereka tegijjulukuka nga kinoonya mu kulaba amakulu ag'eby'ebyafaayo, nga emirundi mingi basaba obutereevu bw'empandika n'obutuufu bw'ebiwandiiko ebigikwatako. NFB[FLT], enfuze ey'ekitonderwa ekyawandikiddwawo ekitumbulwa ekya nsibuko ekyaviirako okusalako enkola ya CANDENTo Classia. [[FLT:] mu [FLT].[FLT], mu nnukuta ey'ekitonderwa kya Baibuli y'ekibya , mu kusooka yategeezaamu ekisobesebwa ennyo ekyandibadde ekivanyusi ky'okuva mu nteekateeka ya ACICIC]. Mu ngeri zonna ez'enjawulo, mu kifo ekikkiririmu, mu kifo ekikkirizidwamu, mu kifo ekijjuvu, ekibadde nga kitegeke bulungi.[F][5]

Obukyayi buno buwa obukakafu ku nnyinyonnyola y'enkukanya ey'amaanyi mu nfugengo ezaasooka. Abasawo abamu, nga Judge Scalia ne Justice Gorth, bakwata empandiika y'ebyawandiikibwa nga banne: amateeka gafuga, era Kkooti terina kunoonyereza ku nsonga eziragira abantu. Abalala nga Omulamuzi Thomas ne Judge Bork (omukulembeze w'edda alowooza ennyo), baggumiza amakulu g'enkola y'amateeka ne bwe kiba nga kiwawula ku nkola y'enkola y'ekitongole. Ebibonero ebikwata ku nsonga z'enzikiriza tebiwandiiko bya Kkookkookko, era n'ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga z'empalo.

Ebiraga Obulimba

Enjigiriza y'enzikiriza y'enzikiriza eyo eyoleka okusoosa kw'emitindo gy'amateeka. Mu lukiiko olutuulamu abakungu baagezaako okuwakanya. Kkomos Breyer, Kagan, ne Sotomayotor batera okukomyawo oludda olukalala lw'amateeka olubeerawo. olukyusaamu amateeka n'emitindo gy'enkuutila okuzza ku mitindo gya nukuutila. Mu ACA litigation, baawakanya nti Centracomère Claus Cale kisaanidde okukkirizibwa okuleka Constan okugonjoola ebizibu by'eggwanga gamba ng'obujjanjawo. [-FOLT:], era nga bagye okuggumiza nti ACC'akkoss'ak'etaakirisibwawo mu ngeri y'ensonga ez'enjawulo, era nga tey'ondekasaamu na bigambo ebigamba nti ebyafaayo ebituufu biteekwa okumanyibwa. Era, mu ngeri y'ensonga ezisooka ziyinza okugye okumanyisa zza obutuufu.

Era, ebiva mu kusalawo kwa bannasayansi mu by'obujjanjabi si bye byangu. Endowooza ey'ennono egamba nti okusazanya ssente eziweebwa abantu nga baddukanya emirimu ku mateeka kiyinza okuviirako obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu obutasasulwa. Mu ngeri y'emu, okusiimula ekiragiro kyonna kiyinza okulemesa abantu obutakebererwa mu bifo awa bulijjo. Ebiruubirirwa bya bannasayansi bye babadde batwala nti ebiva mu nkola y'enkola tebikwata ku nnukuta y'amateeka ne kiremedwa ku nkola y'enkola ya kkooti. Naye nga bwe kyali, Justice Robert H. Jackson bwe yakkenneenya, 'Ly Constitution' “asuubira okukomyawo okuziganya ebizingirwamu ebipya. Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku n'ebyo ebyasooka, n'obufirosoofu mu ngeri ey'okulaga obanga mu n'okutuukiriza ekiragiro kiragiro oba ebigendererwa byabwe bye batwala nga batwala okuba nga bassa mu nkola eyasooka.

Ebizibu Ebiyinza Okusinziirwako Obulwadde mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Mu kkooti eno erimu abalamuzi mukaaga abaayoleka okusiima kwabwe eri olubereberye, obufirosoofo bujja kweyongera okuleetawo okusoomooza mu biseera eby'omu maaso eri ACA(nadda) era n'etteeka erikwata ku by'obujjanjabi. Obuzibu obuyinza okutwaliramu obuwagizi bwa Mdicaid, amateeka g'enkola, n'enkumbo za gavumenti. NFIB[FLD] [1], Kkooti ewa dda okukomawo okukomyawo enkola ya Clausèleecessssss mu kuziyiza gavumenti y'ensi n'okufiirwa ebizigizigibwa Medicaid. Singa gavumenti zigoberera enkola y'eby'enkola eno, tezisobola kukakasiza ku bantu kinnoomu mu ntegeka y'eby'enkola y'eby'obusuubuzi oba mu ngeri y'obusuubuzi obwa bulijjo. Mu ngeri y'emu, amateeka gonna agalinaakulaago mu ngeri y'emu, tegasaze mu ngeri y'emu, oba mu kkooti z'enkola mu Bukiiko enkola mu ngeri y'obutuufu, oba

Era, olukiiko olw'ennyamba era lukwata ku mateeka ag'enfuga era ne ku bibiina. Mu kusalawo okwakayita nga Leoper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (2024), kkooti efuga obufugire [[[FLL:2]]]Chevron[[FLT]]] Tsoosaako [[[FLLT]]]]] Kino kitegeeza nti kkooti ziteekwa okukomyawo oluteeko nga zikozesa mu kusalawo kwazo okutaputa amateeka nga zinnyonnyola engeri gye zifaanaganamu. Abakugunjula eby'okuyita mu ngeri nti ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu n'eby'obuwabuzi kizitegeera kizikwata ku nsonga eziwakanya, enneempala n'okunnyonnyola enkola y'okuteekamu, enkola y'enkola mu ngeri y'okunnyonnyola mu ngeri ereeteembali. Kko, enko akawayiro kano kak'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola z'ebiragirooka z'ezo ez'

Nga wayiseewo ekifo eky'okulaze eby'obujjanjabi, olubereberyeism efuga buli kimu okuva ku ntegeka z'emmundu ( Developean of Columbia v. Heller, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Breen[[FLT]]]]]) mu mateeka agafuga ennono, ne mu kampeera w'ebbaanyi. ACA akozesa ng'enkola y'enkola y'enkola ya microscom: balaga engeri gye basokerezaamu abalamuzi (nga ku busobozi bwabwe obw'okusoma mu by'amateeka amangi ennyo) era ne babuteeka mu nkola y'amateeka ga Amerekawo. Okukwata ku nsonga ez'ekitongole ekipya ku Amerika okwesigamye ku nsonga enkulu oba nga bakyabuboneredde mu nsonga eziba nga [F][5][5][5][F][5][5]

fundikira

Act Afford Care Care abadde akwasizza nnyo bannassaayansi abaasooka. Ebiwandiiko ebisukka mu bisatu ebikulu ebyamala emyaka kkumi, kkooti enkulu ekirawudde mu ngeri eyo erabika bulungi amakulu g'enkola ya Chookzaana, Amaanyi g'okugaba, era n'Etteeka, okusaasaanya Polaus, ne Mediterance Calaus. Enjigiriza zaateekawo enkola ey'amaanyi mu kusoomooza amateeka agakwata ku nzikiriza ya ASA, naye teziwadde miganyulo gya njawulo. Okuteeka mu nkyukakyuka mu ntegeka kwa Baibuli, amakulu gaag'obweru, era n'okusala emisango kuleetawo enkula y'amateeka agaawulamu era agaakulaakulaakulaakulaakulanyizza essibwawo obujjanjawumbirira ddala mu bitundu by'obutebenkenkenkevu, n'enkola ey'okuteekawo enkola ey'okugobeeyagaza enfumo. Omuntu afuga ku nsonga z'obuyigirize bw'eggwanga mu Ame. ACG ayoleka amagezi agibwa obukadde n'obuvumizibwa ennyo mu nsi yonna agibwawo a

Okusoma okw'okubiri [[Akabonero:0] bwe kuggwamu nyingi:[[AK'AWULA]

  • [[Akawayiro:0]NFIB v. Sebelius (202) – Endowooza ey'Eggwanika[[[AK'AMUTANDIKA]]
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Kabaka v. Burwell (2015 – Endowooza Enjjuvu[[AGUKI]]]
  • [[AK'AWULA] California v n'e Texas (2021) – Endowooza Enjjuvu
  • [[Act:0]Curnell Ebikwata ku by'enjigiriza ey'amateeka – Expositoryism[[Akawayiro]
  • [[Act:0] Law Resource – The Original Justice Tomasi[[N'Akabonero]