Mu myaka kkumi egiyise, okunyigirizibwa kw'okumanyibwa kw'obufuzi obw'enjawulo kuvudde ku kufaayo kw'ebibiina ebikola ku bannabyabufuzi ne kufuuka bannaggwanga okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okuva ku Ddeebeeseera y'amateeka agakwata ku by'amakulu okuggulawo, gavumenti zeeyongedde okunywerera ku mitindo egy'okweyama, egyabanga giteeberezebwa. Endowooza eno eyoleka nti abantu basobola okulaba engeri gavumenti gye zikolamu, ziyinza okuzitwala ng'ebituufu. Kyokka, enkolagana wakati w'obwengula n'enkola ya gavumenti egoolekaganye, enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa olw'eby'obufuzi, n'enkola ya bya bya bufuzi, n'enkola enkulabo ezo, era n'okunoonyereza okw'okweyambisibwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo ezikozesebwa mu kumanyiirabibwa.

Okutegeera Obuteegevu mu Gavumenti

Okulaga enjawulo mu gavumenti si kye kintu kimu kyokka ekifuula obubaka obukwata ku bikolwa bya gavumenti, bye tusalawo ebyesigika, era ne ku nkola ebikolebwa mu ngeri gye bikolebwamu. Mu mitendera gitwaliramu okumanyisa obubaka n'okugoosa obutuuze ebisabibwa. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ennyonnyola okumanyibwa kw'obujulizi obutuukana n'ekiseera, obwesigika, era obw'enneekunaku, era obusobozesa abantu okwenyigira mu kusalawo okw'omu lujjudde." Kino kiraga bulungi bw'ebyo ebizingirwamu mu nsonga bbiri: obutuufu n'obuwagizi bw'obutuuze bweyase.

Ebitundu ebikulu eby'okulabikiramu mu gavumenti bizingiramu:

  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Buno obuwayiro buleetera ekiragiro okuwandikawo ebifa ku fayiro [[[Akawayiro aka]] — bisobola okukozesebwa nga tail enseetuka, amawookereza, amateeka, oba okutwaliramu ebipimo.
  • [[[Akabonero:0] Okulagula n'okulabirako omusango nga bituukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa obuzingirwamu — gamba nga alipoota ezibaawo buli mwaka, ebinoonyerezebwa, n'ebiba ebikolebwako mu mulimu.
  • [[Act:0]] Kino kitegeeza empandika ez'okugenda okugattibwa okwongerwako obutuuti[[KITABO:1] — enkyusa ey'okuteekamu enkola ey'okugobererera, okubuuza ebibuuzo, n'enkola ez'okugobererwa ebisobozesa abatuuze okukola ku nkola ez'enjawulo.
  • Ekiragiro [[[:0] Amateeka ag'Eddembe ly'Ebigambo (FOI)[[[AKYONGE]] — entegeka ez'amateeka eziwa abatuuze eddembe okusobola okuzuula ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti era nga zeetaagisa okukola ku nsonga nga zizze.

Ebipande ebikolera ku nkalala z'ensi yonna biringa ebyo ebiwandiikiddwa mu 'Bramed Index' (OBI), ebikubiddwa ekitongole ekirabirira babbalbindi, era n'ekitongole ekikakasa nti obulyi bw'enguzi mu nsi yonna bwe butyo bw'eraga enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo mu nsi zonna. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ensi nga New Zealand ne Sweden zirina ekifo ekisingira ewala okuva ku kiwandiikizo eky'enjawulo mu kulaga obwesimbu obw'amala g'enkola. Okutegeera nti engeri ezo ziyamba okunnyonnyola engeri okulabikira ku mikutu gy'ebitundu ebizirimu kiyinza okwawukana okusinziira ku ndukusaanya y'empandika y'olukalala.

Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kulaga Obutasosola ku Nkola ya Gavumenti

Obujulizi bweyongera bulaga nti okulabibwa kuyinza okulongoosa engeri z'ensi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Bwe kugobererwa, kuvaamu omutendera ogw'obulungi: obubaka obwangu okumanyibwa abantu bwe bassaamu abantu, obwesige bukubiriza obutuuze okwenyigira mu nkola entuufu, era n'enkola ezisingawo obulungi zivaamu emiganyulo.

Obuvunaanyizibwa Bwo nga Buzze nga Buzzeewo

Okuvunaanibwa oboolyawo kye kisinga okuganyula ennyo eby'okulabirako. Gavumenti bw'ebalaba nga zirabibwa abantu ne kakiiko akalabirira emirimu, abakungu batera nnyo okukomya enkola mu kulinda olw'okutya nti ebiva mu kunoonyereza ku nkula y'ebintu bijja kulabika. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ab'enkola ya World Bank mu Brazil kwakakasa nti bannassaayansi abakuba ebiba bivudde mu kunoonyereza nga akawandike okukuba obulyinjabi bwe bugenda bukendeera, n'okweyongera kwa maanyi mu kulonda ab'obulwoonkzaaweredde. Mu ngeri y'emu, mu Buyindi, Ekkok'Augummereri ey'okumanya eby'obulango mu by'omulimu, baaleetera abantu okwetaaganya okunnyonnyola obulungi ensonga mu ku by'enkola. enjawulo y'ewanyazesemba z'obuyinza, era n'okweyongera kw'okwewala okunnyonnyola ebina ku ekyo ekiyinza okuva mu Bulango.

Okwongera Okwesiga Abantu Bonna

Obwesige kye kimu ku mpagi za demokulase ezisinga okutegeerwa. Okusinziira ku 2022 Trust, abantu abawulira nti basobola okufuna ebikwata ku mirimu gya gavumenti bakubisaamu emirundi ebiri okumanyira ddala okuba nti bassa obwesige mu gavumenti yaabwe. Obwesige buno busobozesa abantu okukolagana n'amateeka, okuba abeetegefu okusasula emisolo, n'okuwagira enkyukakyuka mu bya nkola. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kiseera kya kawumpuli eyitibwa CHOVAD, gavumenti ezaateekawo obujulizi obwa waggulu, obwa bulijjo, obujjanjabi obw'ensonga, obugereke, n'obujjanjabi bw'enga obuva mu malwanyi.

Okulongoosaamu Obuwayiro

Okulabika ng'okusobozesa enkola z'ensi okubaamu enkola ez'enjawulo nga ziteekebwawo. Okunoonyereza okwa kyewa, bannamawulire, n'ebibiina by'abantu okunoonyereza ku ngeri gye bituukirizaamu emirimu gya gavumenti era ne biwa amagezi ageesigamiziddwa ku bujuli. Mu Amerika, okukolebwa kw'ekitongole kya USASpence.gov okw'okusobola okuzuula obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bwa doola z'ensimbi z'ensimbi, nga kisobozesa okusalawo ssente ze ziyinza okugulamu enkyukakyuka mu ntengo. Okugatta ku ekyo, abatuuzeetwale bwe babaako bye basalawo nga baddiŋŋana mu by'obusokesi, batera okuteeka ssente ezikwatagana n'ebyetaago by'abantu mu bibuga nga Porto Alegre, Brazil, gye kiviiriddemu okusaasaanya enmenti y'obuyonjo mu ku ku by'obuyonjo ne ku by'obuyigirize.

Okukendeeza ku Bulyi bw’Enguzi

Obulyi bw'enguzi bukola ng'obuteeberezebwa nti ebikolwa eby'obulyi bw'enguzi bijja kulabika era bibonerezebwa. Okunoonyereza okw'amaanyi okutali kumu okwasaasaanyizibwa mu magazini era ne kaweefube awatali bulkuseera mu nsi, okusobola okuzuula nti obulyi bw'enguzi bukendeezedwa buzingiramu okugula ebikolebwawo mu ngeri ematiza, empakaanyi ez'ebbeeyambisibwa abakungu ba gavumenti, n'okumanyibwa kwa kampuni ez'okufuna endagaano eza gavumenti. Eky'okutuukiriza ebiwandiiko bya sinooni kya n'ebitongole bya sinoomukutu gwa kompyuta kinne wa bulseebitundu ebireeteebwa okuva ku 40% okutuuka ku 10% mu myaka esatu eggulu enkalu. Waddewo yokka, okubugyamu obulwo n'okulambulabubonero n'okukubisaamu obubonero mu nsi ez'ebiragiro ebirongootootootooya mu nsi ez'ebitali eby'ebyo.

Obuzibu n’Obunafu bw’Okulaga Obusanyufu

Wadde nga waliwo emiganyulo ng'egyo, okulabirira tekuyinza kugonjoolebwa. Okutuukiriza emisingi egya nnamaddala okw'ensi twolekagana n'ensobi ez'amaanyi era okulabikira kukolebwa bubi kuyinza obutavaamu miganyulo, ne kiviirako okusoberwa, oba okukendeeza ku kuvunaanyizibwa. Okutegeera ebizibu bino kikulu nnyo mu kukola enkyukakyuka ennungi.

Okuziyiza Okukyuka

Abawagizi ba gavumenti balemesezza abantu okumanya ebibali ku mutima oba okulemesa omulimu gwabwe okugukola. Ebitongole bya gavumenti ebitongozeddwawo bitera okukitwala nti guyinza okuteeka obulamu bwabwe mu kabi. Kino kyeyoleka mu ngeri enneekusifu: abakozi bayinza okuwa obubaka obutali bujjuvu, okukozesa olulimi olukusifu, oba okulwawo okuddamu obubaka. Mu bifo ebimu, ab'ekitongole kya maanyi bawakanya enkola za gavumenti kubanga kiba kisobola okukomya enteekateeka ez'okusasula ssente. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu nsi ezirina amakolero agakola amakolero, okulemererwa okutegeeza endagaano ez'okusima ebireetebwa obulyinja. Okuwangula okukkereza ebyo by'eby'obufuzi kuzingiramu obukulembeze obw'amaanyi, n'okukyusa eby'obuwabuzi obukkirizibwa okuwa omukisa obuva mu kifo eky'okubonero.

Obugunjufu bw'Ebyo bye Tufuna

Okutuukiriza obukwafu obulagira empewo kiba kya kabi nnyo. Gavumenti ziteekwa okuteeka mu nkola enkola ey'okutereka ebintu, okutendeka abakozi, obulabirizi, obukiiko obufuga emirimu. Amawanga agakulaakulanye, naddala, geenoonyezaamu ebifo eby'enjawulo. Ensi ezikulaakulaakulanya zibaamu 40% ku buli nsi ezaazo entono ennyo ezikyalina data eziggule, nga zigeraageranyiziddwa n'obubonero obw'amaanyi mu kifo eky'okuzizimba obutereevu, obutereevu obuzi obuzibwe busobola okuziyimu. Amawanga ne bwe gaba nga galina eby'obugagga, tegalina kalonda waabyo, tegasobola kuwanirira ssente ezizingirwamu mu kifo eky'okuzizimba.

Ebintu Ebisukka ku Bukulu n’Okutategeera Bulungi

Okubala omuwendo gwa data nga tomanyi nnyiriri eziriraanyewo kiyinza okubuuzikiza abatuuze era n'okubutegeera obubi. Oluusi kino kibaawo singa gavumenti zifulumya mpulizi z'ensi eyo ezitategeerekeka. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Uganda kwalaga nti okusobola okusobozesa abakungu ba gavumenti okufulumya ebiwandiiko mu mitwe egitanoonyezebwa, tekikkirizibwa kugifuula gya nkalakkalira. Ate era, singa tewaba kutendekebwa kwagonjola, abantu bayinza okunoonyereza mu ngeri enkyamu, ne balyoka bategeera bulungi ebikwata ku nkola ya gavumenti. Okunoonyereza okumu kukolebwa kwalaga nti okusobozesa abatuuze b'obumanyi okugula embalirira ku n'okusengeka tekusobozesa abakungu okutereeza ebiwandiiko byabwe; singa bakolagana n'enkuŋŋaana ezoonzivubibwa, kireetawo okumanyira obulungi. Kino kiggumiza obukulu bw'okufulumya data mu ku kuzimba ebizimbiddwamu n'okukolagana n'okukolagana n'okukolagana obulungi. Kino kiggumiza obukulu obw'okukubaganya eby'okukubaganya obulungi.

Ebyetaago by’Abantu n’Obukuumi

Okutegeka obulungi ebiwandiiko ebiba byakasibwa abantu kinnoomu era n'eby'okuteekamu obukuumi bw'eggwanga tekitera kubaamu buzibu. Ebiwandiiko ebiba byakakolebwa mu ngeri eyo tebyayamba bantu kutegeera ngeri gye bayinza kutegeeramu oba engeri gye bayinza okukyogerako nga bali bokka oba nga waliwo ebibakwatako. Ebiwandiiko ebyo tebyakolebwa mu ngeri ey'obukujjukujju. Ebiwandiiko ebyo bireetawo obujjanjabi ku ngeri y'okuteeka mu nkola enzijjuvu y'ebintu byabwe, gamba ng'okugabana n'eby'eby'obulamu obwa bulijjo, nga bikontana ne bye baagala FOI. Mu ngeri y'emu, gavumenti ziyinza okuwakanya okuteeka obulabi ku mitendera mu kukola ebikolebwako. Okunoonyereza okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikkirizibwa okukebera enneewatoso nga tewali kutuukiriza buvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti. Okubunnyunziganya ng'okukwata ku bintu ebisengekebwa mu n'ebiva mu n'ebimyufu biyinza okumanyibwa obulungi ku by'okubinjanjanjabibwa mu maaso, kuyinza okuyinza okusigala mu ngeri ey'okumanyibwa obulungi.

Okunoonyereza ku Lukwata: Okulaga engeri gye kikolebwamu

Okunoonyereza kulaga engeri ensi ezimu gye zisobodde okuvumbula obulawuzi buno, kulina kye kutuyigiriza.

Sweden: Gavumenti Ennungi Egifuga

Eddembe lya Sweden lyanywezebwa mu mateeka ga Press Act, agaayisibwa mu 1766, ge mateeka agasinga obukadde mu nsi yonna. Omusingi gwa ogufuga nga gwawunzika mu mateeka mu ngeri ekkirizibwa okusobozesa ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti mu Sweden okusobola okufuna ebiwandiiko nga bisabidwa, nga n'obwetaazi obunene obwa waggulu buviiriddeko okuteekako ekkomo erisingako ekkomo. Okulabikkulizo lino ery'okulaalabikira ku kigero kya waggulu kya waggulu kyavaako ne kyongera obungi (okuteeka obwesige mu gavumenti ya Sweden 60%ssomero) n'obulyingi bw'obulyingi. Obubonero mu matutumu ga Sweden bulaga nti abantu bannaakirimu. Obuwanguzi mu nsonga enkulu zizingiramu okuteeka mu kugiwandiika obwa waggulu, okujjulula obuwamu, n'okuwandiika ebitongole eby'ebitongole ebiva mu bya Sweden.

New Zealand: Eddembe eriva mu kukozesa data-Driven

New Zealand enoonyerezezza nnyo engeri z'okuzuula obubaka okuva mu mwaka gwa 2010, nga bukulemberwa kakwate akalaga nti gavumenti ewandikiddwa, era nti ewadde abatuuze b'eggwanga obulagirizi obwali bukwata ku by'obumenyi nkumi na nkumi. Obutundu bwa buwandiikiddwa ku mannya g'abamenyi b'amateeka okusobola okuzuula byonna. Okukyusa okw'enkyukakyuka kwali kutandikawo kwa "Alcol Leajanting Leavention" data eziggulawo ebizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu, ezisobozesa abatuuze ba bulijjo okusala ennyimpi z'ebyanja mu bya kabenje era n'ongera ku ngeri ez'akabi ez'okumanyibwa obuttuza. Ebivuddemu bivuddemu bye bino: okunoonyereza okwabweyanjula okwabwe okwabwe mu nsi yonna mu Nouvelle Zealand nga buli lukyayinja mu nsi etaano ez'obulungi. Gavumenti ya New Zealand esobozesa okumanyisa obulungi emirimu egikolebwa mu enjawulo; ekyokulabirako, ebiteerowookerowo bulungi ku ngeri ennungi mu lukufulumya ebiva mu ngeri ennungi mu lugo

South Korea: Mwati Gov 3.0

Gavumenti y'omu South Korea ekola nga okuteekateeka okusobozesa okuteeka awamu ebitundu byonna ebya bulijjo mu ntegeka za gavumenti. Gavumenti za gavumenti zonna ziragira zikoleezeeko okulekera awo okuyingiza data mu format eza bulijjo era ziwa abatuuze we balemesezza okuyita mu musingi. Ebisaanyizo bino bitwaliramu "Public Proficationment Service" sisitemu esobozesa okuteeka obubaka mu lujjudde mu biseefube, okukendeeza okujjuza era n'okukuuma obuwereza obubalibwa doola $1. Obuwandikiro obulala obukeebereberye bwa gavumenti gye busobola okusobozesa abatuuze b'amawanga okuwaayo ebiwunduulunguzi mu nnaku. Okunoonyereza okukolebwa kwa Korea, okukolebwa mu ngeri y'emu ne mu nkola ez'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi. Obutongole bw'omulembe obw'enjawulo bukolebwa mu South Korea, obunene obunene bwa Polissaakakiiko bwa gavumenti Gehyin mu kifo eky'obukulembeze obunene obwa waggulu bwe bukyungibwawoosebwa, era ne kisobozesa okumanyibwa okumanyibwawo okumanyibwawo oku

Ebiyinza Okukolebwa: Ebisaanyizo eby’Okukola

Nga basinziira ku bujulizi obukolebwa mu nkola ezikolebwa abantu abalwadde oba ku kunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu abangi, gavumenti ziyinza okukola ebintu ebiwerako okusobola okulongoosa mu ngeri gye zilabamu.

Yamba Ebitongole Ebikwata ku by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Eby’Omu mateeka n’Eby’Eby’Obukulembeze

Okulaga enjawulo tekuyinza kwesigama ku kukkirizibwa okw'ekiragiro ekiba kitegekeddwa; kyetaagisa omusingi omunywevu. Gavumenti zisaanidde okuteekawo amateeka agazi agafuga enkola ya FOI, agalaga ebika by'obubaka ebiteekwa okumanyibwa, enkola ey'okukwata ku by'okulabirako, n'okubonerezebwa okw'okulaga ebiwandiiko ebiteetegekebwa. Amateeka ga OECD gawandikibwa nga gakubiriza okuteekawo amateeka ng'ago nga gazingiramu okumanyibwawo ekikwateebwawo (e.e..., okugeza: Agumentijirizo zibaamu okuga nga tegakkirizibwako, okuggyako nga kisobozesebwa mu lujjudde) era nga buli kakwatego kalonda awatali kwetongodde.

Tekinologiya ow’Okumanyika n’Ekyeggumizo

'atroid' ey'okukuba zzibizi kusobola okukendeeza ku nfeebeezo z'okulabirako nga bwe yeeyongera okugaziya okutuuka. Gavumenti zisaanidde okuteeka mu bitongole ebya data ebikkirizibwa okufunibwa nga mukozesa, ebinoonyezebwa, era ebitegekebwa bulijjo. Ebifa ku nkola z'okulabirako, n'enkola za kompyuta ezikolebwa ku bannabizineka zisobola okusobozesa abantu okumanyisa ebiba biwandikibwa obulungi obubaka. Ate era tekijja kusobozesa bantu kubaako bye boogera ku mateeka agateesokebwa, okulonda ebisookerwako, oba okutegeeza okulemererwa kwa bannannyini mirimu gya tekinnawerezebwa. Ekibuga kya Buens Aimbes kikozesa apps nga "Baba" ekigenda okufulumya amasa ge gatabo n'okusobozesa abantu okufuna obubaka obwa bulijjo n'okusobozesa aba bulijjo okumanyisa emikono egibagirwamu. Ekisumulula kikolebwa mu nkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'eyo mukozesa y'enkola y'enkola y'emu z'eyo mukozesa.

Abakulu mu Gavumenti n’Abakulu b’Enzikiriza Balina Empisa Ennungi

Empisa z'abantu kye kisinze okulemesa abantu okumanyibwa. Okutendeka abakungu ba gavumenti yonna kusaanidde okubayigiriza ebikwata ku buvunaanyizibwa bwabwe, engeri y'okulabirako n'obukugu obw'okutuukiriza ebbeeyi okusobola okuddukanya obubaka. N'ekisinga obukulu, gavumenti zeetaaga okukulaakulanya empisa ezifuula ez'ebiruubirirwa. Kino kiyinza okukolebwa nga zigoberera enkola y'obukulembeze, obugereke obuwandibwa obusobozesa ababunnyinzi bonna okufulumya amasanyusi, n'ebinyunyusi eby'okubugunjula ebibakwatako okutegeeza nti tebireetera kukebera oba kukola nkyukakyuka mu nkola. Mu Mexico, ekitongole kya National Institute for Transcificiation kyatandikawo programu, era n'abakwasigisibwa n'abakwasi b'abakwasi b'ebitongole balaga nti bakolera ku bintu ebibaweereddwa mu bukulembeze.

Mugambe n’Abatola ry’Omu mpapula z’Ensi

Okulaga enjawulo kukola ekisingawo singa wabawo abameedinala abasobola okunnyonnyola oba okubunyisa obubaka mu bantu bonna. Mu ngeri y'emu, gavumenti zisaanidde okukolagana n'ebibiina by'abantu, bannamawulire, ne bannassaayansi okugaziya ku nkola y'obubonero obuli mu mpandiika y'obudde obwategekebwa. [FLT]] Internationalpartival Parameterrpartrign[[[[FLLL:1]]] Kino kiyamba okuzza ebizigibwa mu nkola enzijjuvu mu ku nkyukakyuka mu ntegeka z'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ekolebwamu. Mu ngeri y'enkola y'emu, bank Bank Reconverancess [ Worldbitance Directions trans[[[Foct]] Kino kiyamba okutabula obubaka obwo okuzza ku n'amakulu g'abatunzirimu.

Kaweefube w’Okunoonyereza n’Okunoonyereza ku Kulaga Obutatatasesa

Ku nkomerero, gavumenti ziteekwa okutunuulira ewala okubeera enkola ey'okulaga enjawulo nga kkopi ey'empewo. Okukeberebwa n'okukeberebwa okwa bulijjo (M&E) kusaanidde kukebera oba nga bikozesebwa, oba nga bisobozesa ebiwandikiro okulongoosebwako. Ekyuma kimu eky'omuganyulo kye kikozesebwa kwe [[[FL:0]] Transpational Policy International Perceptions Index[[[FLLT:1]], ekiyamba okukyulirako n'obubonero mu ku bubonero obwa gavumenti. Mu kubaako enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ezikolebwawo, ebikolebwako bisobola okuwa obujulirwa obwa nnamaddala. Mu kifo eky'okukebera obukolebwamumumumu, ebikolebwamumumumumumu bye bisobola okuwa obujulizibwa obutuufu obw'okulaga okumenya obumenyesebwa.

fundikira

Okulaga enjawulo tekusobozesa bizibu bya gavumenti okugonjoola mu ngeri y'enkola eno naye kusobozesa omuntu okulongoosa mu ngeri gy'akolaganamu n'omuntu. Okusobola okusasula obulungi ensonga, okulonda n'okugonjoola obutalyawuka, n'okugezaako okubunyisibwa, okulabikira kuleetawo embeera ez'amakulu era ez'okukwata ku nkola. Kyokka, okusobola okubutuukiriza kwakyo kwesigamye ku nkola eya mu mateeka: okumanyibwa, eby'obugagga eby'omukwano, enkolagana ey'omukwano n'omukwano, enkyukakyuka mu bantu, n'obuwagizi wa bantu n'okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa. Okusoomooza okutaputa okutaputa, eby'obuzaabuzi, n'eby'okwemalirira eby'okumanyibwa obukusike, n'okukulemberwa mu byamaguzi, era n'obweru w'obuwandikiro obusinga okumanyibwa. Okusinziira ku bukakafu, gavumenti zikola ku nsonga enkulu, ate ne ku nsonga enkulu ey'okusobozesa obutuufu, era n'obujulizigizigizigizi mu ngeri ey'obutuufu: .