Ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa Good Freentury Agreement, ekyamanyibwa nga Belfast Agreement, kyamalirizibwa nga 10 Aventieti 1998 oluvannyuma lw'emboozi. Ekiruubirirwa kyayo ekikulu kyali okukomya olutalo olw'amaanyi amangi ennyo mu Northern Ireland. Ek'empaka ez'ettemu, ezatta abantu nga 3,500 okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960. Wadde nga endagaano eyo ejjukirwa olw'okuleetawo emirembe n'obuyinza, ekwatibwako nnyo ku by'obufuzi obwalwo n'okulonda, enkkuteeka ku nkola za gavumenti ez'enjawulo mu Northern Ireland ezigoberera obudde, engeri gye ziddukanyamu, era n'engeri abantu gye baazimbamu enkola y'okukubawoola, n'okutandikawo enkola y'eby'ebyobufuzi, era n'okuleetawo n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Okutegeera kino ku nsonga eno tekwetaagisa kutuukiriza mitwe gy'okulonda mu ngeri y'okukuba akalulu, n'enkola y'eby'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi.

Olulago olw’Okutaano Olulungi

Ekkubo eridda mu k'ekirabo ekiva mu ggwanga eddungi ery'e Ireland lyali ddene nnyo era nga lyakankana. Ebbanga lya myaka nga 1,900 oluvannyuma lw'amakumi g'enkan'awa n'amakumi g'emyaka, amagye ga ssemasaza ga ssemasaza, Sin Féin, ne Alliance. Endagaano yakkirizibwa okuziggulawo ennyunzi wakati wa gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irland, era n'egw'ekkumi ez'eby'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland, era n'ekkumi n'ekkumi ez'ekibiina kya SDLP, nga mw'otwalidde ne UP, Sin Féin, ne Constanty Party. Entegeka enkulu yazingiramu okutandikawo olukuŋŋaana lw'obuyinza, akakiiko k'obuyinza obujjuvu mu buyinza, era n'obukulembezeze mu n'obutebe bw'obutebe bw'omulembezo. . Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa okumanyisatyo mu ggwanga erimu ne mu ggwanga erisingako.

Enkyukakyuka mu by’obufuzi

Nga 1998 tegunnatuuka, eby'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland kumpi byamanyibwa bulungi ne b'enkola za bannabyabufuzi babiri abaagattibwa awamu n'eby'eggwanga. Enkola y'okulonda eya 'FPTP' mu ntegeka y'enkola ey'okutaano ey'okusembera ennyo mu Westminster, ng'okulonda okwa bulijjo okwaliwo kwaleetawo enkola ey'obukabonero obwa SVENUNIST, naye nga kuliko okulonda okw'okulaga obukulembedde ku disitulikiti ntono obwava mu bitundu ebyagattinibwa. Ek'okugobererwa kwagoo ku lw'eggwanga kwagonjoooooooota kwakyusa amaanyi gaawo n'omusingi gwazo. Enkuŋŋaana zino enjawukana mu ku kusobozesa obulemberoosokebwa n'okukolagana mu bujjuvu mu by'okko. Enkuŋŋaana zino ez'okulonda eby'okulonda eby'okula okunaananyanyanya okusobola okubeera mu ngeri ey'okulonda eby'okulondamu mu ngeri ey'okula okukubaganya mu ngeri ey'okula okusobozesa okukuba

Okutandika kwa SSTV mu nkuŋŋaana zonna ez'enjawulo era n'okulonda okwakolerwa (nga kuliko obunene bwa disitulikiti ettaano okutuuka ku musanvu) kwalina kye kyavaamu amangu. Kyakifuula kyangu eri abantu abatono okuwangula obulagizi. Okuva bwe kiri nti abavvuoti baali basobola okuteeka mu bifo eby'enjawulo mu nnyiriri. Era baakubiriza abagenda okukuba empaka ez'enjawulo mu disitulikiti, okusemba okuvuga enkambi n'okukuba akawerengo. Okukuba akaweefube ak'okuvvuzi k'omusaalaba kiyinza okubaamu abantu abangi abagenda okulonda abagenda okulonda. Era kyaviirako abatuuti okukaanye nga Alce na Green Party, wadde nga baakulaakulanye.

Okutandikawo Emikago Emipya mu by’Eby’obufuzi

Ekibinja kya balonda ekyasinga okukozesebwa oluvannyuma lw'omwaka gwa 19998 kyali kiddikyudde ekika ky'ekibiina ky'emirembe.[1] Mu kakiiko k'obukulembeze obwa Ulster Union Union (UP) ne mu Kibiina kya Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).[1] ku olwo, okulonda okugatta awamu okuteeyisaamu Demokrati ne Sin Fiin, okusobola okuwangula okugoba okulwana n'okutandikawo endagaano wakati w'amatsinda 28 mu kiseera kya 1998, UP yawangula ebitebe 28 era ne SDLP 24, ne bifuula ebiwandikiro ebisingayo mu buli kibiina. Mu 2003 okulonda okulonda DuP ne Sin Fiin, okukubagattira okuwakanya okuwakanya okuvuganyaamenya okutaa, ne Sin, byeyongera okumanyiira ne byeyanjula okuva ku ebyo ebiva mu ggwanga lya Bussurner.

Kino kyeyongera okumala emyaka egisukka mu kkumi. Ekiragiro DUP kyafuuka ekipande ekisingayo obunene mu lukuŋŋaana era oluvannyuma lwa 2017, ekibiina kya Sinn Féin kye kyayongera obululu, naddala oluvannyuma lwa ttekiti eryakolebwa mu 1998 Omagh okufulumya ebyokulwanyisa IRA. Okugattibwa kw'ebyokulwanyisa. Okugattibwa kw'ab'obuyinza bwa mirundi ebiri kwategeeza nti obuyinza obwali wakati w'ab'ekibiina kya bannantambi abavuganya ku Ky'Ekyo. Kyokka, kyatuukiriza bulungi obutuufu, baasobola okufuga wamu okumala ekiseera kiwanvu, n'omukulembeze w'ekika kya Dupu Ian Paisley ne Sin Fin Féin’s Martin McGin's, gye baasooka okutandikawo enkolagana ey'enjawulo wakati w'obuwanjukivu okuva mu mwaka gwa 2007. olukuŋŋaana olwo olwo lwayoleka bulungi engeri y'obukulembeze bw'obufuzi bw'ekibiina ekinene bwe kyagoberebwa ne mu bitundu ebinene.

Electoral System ne 'Amaanyi'

Ekiragiro kino kikolera ku nkola eya kyokka etegeseddwa ekibiina kya Association, nga y'omusingi gwa k'enkola eya krakiti eyo empya. Abalonda batwala obuwagizi mu disitulikiti ewera . Akawayiro kano katuuka ku bitundu ebitegese ku buli kakiiko akategese nga ke kategese. Akawayiro kano kasinziira ku muwendo gw'obuwoota obwa nnamba obugattiddwako nga keokka obuva mu muwendo gw'entebe empandika emu, awamu n'ogwo omu. Abalonda abalonde ku abo ababa bagenda okulonda bakyusibwa ne bakyusibwa mu bye baagala ebitono, era ne baggyawo ebiva mu ku ku kulonda ebiteego ebiteeyambisibwa abo ababa bagenda okulonda. Ekiragiro kino nakyo kiyinza okusaasaasaanyizibwa mu Northern Ireland:

  • propectionation: percentage of thepatiation ewangula obutundutundu bw'entebe ezisukka mu kkumi zituukana n'ebitundu ebigivaamu. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu okulonda buli lukuŋŋaana olunene mu bujjuvu. Entebe entono zifaanana Green Party, People Beforefied, ne Traditional Unionsist Livision buli lwe baawangula ebifo.
  • [[Act:0] 'commmony comns''''''''''' Kubanga abavoota basobola okuteeka mu bifo eby'enjawulo, ebiwanyi ebiva mu biwandikiro eby'enjawulo, ebitera okusikiriza ebiwanyi ebisaaga kubiri n'ebyokusatu okuva ku bakasitoosi abava mu kitundu ekirala. Okusingira ddala, ekika kya Alliance, kiganyula abo abasinga kusiima olw'okubiri oba olw'okusatu abagoberera enkola ey'obufumbo n'eggwanga.
  • Kaweefube ow'okussa essira ku bintu ebitali bimu: Buli lwe wabaawo ekiba kisaliddwawo, ewandikiddwa okuwaliriza abo ababa bagenda okwegatta okwawulawo abo ababa bagenda okuyongerwako ku buwandiike oba ku nsonga endala ez'omu kitundu. Kino kikubiriza abantu okwegatta ku byuma by'eby'obufuzi era kikendeeza ku buyinza bwa bya bannabyabufuzi mu buli kiwandikiro.
  • Obusobozi obw'okufuga mu mpandika eya maanyi: Enkola ekwatagana ne d'Hondt. Buli namba esobozesa empandika ez'obuweereza okubeera mu mpandika ez'obuweereza. Ekiragiro ekiwandikiro ekisinga obunene mu buli kiwandikiro (omunnaawendiikibwa, ow'eggwanga, ne “ennyonnyonnyo") kisooka kubaako kye kikola, ate ekiddako ne kiryoka kisobozesa ekiwandikiro ekiwandikiro ekikoleramu okuba ekikolera awamu, naye era kitegeeza nti ekiwandikiro ekisinga obunene mu buli kibiina kiyinza okuzimbira ddala obulungi oba okukiragiramu ennyinyinyinyirikiti ez'okusiikiriza.

Ekirabo kino tekibaddemu butaka. Ebitongole ebikola amasannyalaze bigudde emirundi esatu: okuva mu 2002-2002007 (eragitwa omulimu gwa IRA), okuva mu Jjanwali 2017 okutuuka mu Jjanwali 2020 (ku bikwata ku butakkaanya obw'amaanyi ku ddembe ly'olulimi olw'omu Ireland), era okusingira ddala okuva ku Febwali 20222 okutuuka ku Febwali 2024 (okuteekateeka okugatta obuwandisi n'obuteesitenzi, ne ku Northern Ireland Protootoot), buli ka 'ak' kaayoleka nti wadde ng'enteekateeka ya pulooma y'emu eyinza okuleetawo gavumenti enjjulukuteeko, teyinza kukolagana. Mu kiseera kya bulijjo, omuwandiki wa gavumenti mu Northern Ireland yateetera okussaawo obufuzi obutereevu, naye n'ebitongole ebikola ebirongookebwa ne ebiba bizzibwawo mu nkola eya bulijjo.

Ebirungi Ebivaako mu Buwabuzi bw’Eby’Obunnabyabufuzi

Ekivume eky'okutaano kyanyweredde ku nkola enjereere era nga kikutte ku ngeri y'okulondamu mu Northern Ireland. Ku luuyi lumu, kiwa obukakafu buno: okukendeeza ku by'obufuzi, okwegatta ku matwale ga demokulase, era n'enteekateeka esobozesa abantu bonna okufuna eddoboozi. Okulonda kuyinza okuba nga kukwata ku nkola n'okufuga, si kumanyibwa bumanya ky'obulagirizi. Okusoomooza ng'eby'obulamu, obugobererwa mu by'obulamu, obuyigirize, obuwanjufu n'eby'eby'enfuna by'enfuna bikendeeewanyisiddwa ennyo mu kibiina, awamu n'eb'eb'ebibuuzo ebya g'omutindo wa demosettule. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okulonda enkuŋŋaana z'obukulembeze z'obuwabuzi za Sin Féin, zaatunuulira ekibiina ekitongole ekitongole mu bifo ebinene mu kiseera ekyasooka, ne mu ku kuvuganyanyanyanyanyanya za ddungi.

Kyokka, enjawukana ez'amaanyi zikyaliwo. Okuvaawo kw'olukuŋŋaana nga kivaako enkola y'ekika kya 2022-202 era nga buli gavumenti etwaliramu ebibiina ebinyweredde ku mulembe gwa Ireland. Obukyayi n'obukyayi mu nkola eno era emirundi egimu bubadde bufuga. 2017-2020 bugwa ku Kiragiro kya Irish Language, era 2022-2024 kitegeeza nti ekiwayinja kyonna bwe kiva mu Mateeka ga Katonda, ekibiina kyonna ne kiggala. Ate era, enteekateeka y'omuteesitemu ekkiriza amalo ag'enjereere okuteekawo amaloboozi n'okufuna ebimu ku bikiikirira ennukuta , ekiwakanya endagaano zonna, ne kiwalula obweyago okutambula mu 20222, era ne mu bitundu ebigamba obuyinza obugaanyisiikiriza mu ngeri eyo. Ate n'omuwendo omutono, abavugiwagidde mu ggwanga okuwangula ebiva mu ngeri ey'okuwakanya endagaano ey'eggwanga.

Mu 1998, okulonda kwagonjooleddwa. Okulonda okubadde kubadde kutonoko okusinga bwe kyali mu myaka egyaddirira nga Aumbleon, nga kugeraageranya 55.65%, bwe kugeraageranyizibwa ku 70% mu 1998. Young Youngvotation, atalina kyekubiira ku Bizibu, atunuulira eby'obufuzi ng'okuyita mu nnukuta enzivuunpu ez'enjawulo, naye ate omuwendo gw'abavvuzi w'obufumbo obugendera ku bulombolombo obuva mu nviiri. Ebitundu bino era byeyongera okumanyibwa nga “teegatta oba abafuzi ba ggwanga” byeyongera, ebiva ku 7% mu 2016 okutuuka ku 20.5222. Ekyo era kiragira nti, singa baddigye mpolampola, okuva ku ku ku nkyukakyuka. Anastuuti n'abavvugibwawooze ne ku nsonga y'okulonda obutuufu obuva ku [Flctive] [F][FFFFoctive]

Okunoonyereza okutali kumu era kwesigamye ku nkyukakyuka ezikolebwa ku bantu abali mu Ireland ow'omu Northern. Omuwendo gw'Abakatuliki (abasinga obungi bayita ab'eggwanga) gwalaga nti omuwendo gw'abakatuliki (abasinga obungi gwenkanankana) guyitisse Abaprotestanti (abasinga obungi mu Northern Ireland). Kino kyewuzizza nti okunoonyereza okugatta awamu okw'enyigita kwa Irish kuyinza okubeerawo mu myaka egyaka ekkumi egiddako, nga gugabiddwawo ku nsonga za kawyiro akalungi akataano. Kyokka, okubala tekubadde kukolebwa mu ngeri enzijjuvu mu ggwanga, ate nga Abapoloteesitemu bangi tebakuwagira kibiina kya Kika. Ek'ensonga y'okweyongera mu by'eby'obuyigirize mu by'eby'obukungu, n'eby'eby'enfuna, n'enkola mu kifo eky'obukkulembelembedde, tekuteewalibwa na ku nsonga z'eby'eby'eby'ebyenfuna. Kyokka, ebibiina by'ek'obutongole bya Sinnnnn, ebitongole by'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri eyo bye biwawu

Ekirala ekivudde mu ndagaano eyo kwe kuteekebwawo kw'obukulembeze bw'abalonde era n'okulongoosebwa kw'ebitongole ebikola ku kulonda n'okulonda ebiwandiikiddwa mu buwangwa. Obubuyambi obw'okulembeza abaana n'abo okuva mu bitundu ebitono (nga mw'otwalidde n'abantu abava mu bannaggwanga abava mu bweru) bwe buwagirwa ekirabo kya Electoral Commission. Okukozesebwa kwa STV era kuvuddemu okulonda abawandiisi, ng'ebituuti ebitongole ebimanyi nti okukuba abantu bangi abeetaba bakulu mu disitulikiti y'emu mu by'eggwanga, kulimu. Mu ku ku nkola enkola y'obukulembeze bw'awumbi 2022222, abantu nga 250 abeewagidde obusaze 90 okuva mu bitundu 18 eby'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga, nga bawanyisa ebiva mu bungi obwa protookitaadiyo.

Abalabirizi bakyetegerezza nti sisitemu ya Northern Irlands kyakulabirako ekitatera kubaamu kya bulijjo ekiraga nti oluvannyuma lw'okuteekawo amasannyalaze, amasannyalaze gasobola okubaamu ebintu ebimu. Emibiri egiva ku ntegeka za njawulo gamba nga International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Consolation (IDA) era enoonyezesezza ng'ekyokulabirako kya g'abantu abalala abali mu bitundu ebirala eby'enjawulo. Kyokka, abanoonyereza ku by'ekika kya gavumenti bagamba nti, ekitegekebwa ekitegekebwa ng'ekika kya gavumenti, ekiwandikiro kyakyusizza obukya bulijjo kireetawo obukyamanguzi n'okumenyala. Amaanyi ag'obuyinza agafuga amataba geempala agakkirizibwa mu Kivanyunzikiraano, era nga kiwayumya enkola y'okunoonyerezayongera okugobeegobeeta ku nsonga endala.

Wadde nga wabaddewo okusoomooza kuno, enteekateeka y'okulonda eyakolebwa mu ngeri ya nnganga mu kiseera kino esobodde okumanyika. Oluvannyuma lw'okukomya omulimu ogwamala emyaka ebiri ogwakoma mu Febwali 2024, Olukuŋŋaana lwaddamu okukolagana ne Dupu ne Sinn Fien Fuéin. Omukulembeze omuggya ow'eggwanga Gavin Robinson, yeeyagaliza okukola omulimu ogw'amaanyi, kyokka Sinn Féin’s Michelle O’Neill asigala nga ye Minill, era nga ye mukungu eyasooka okuteeka mu kifo ekyo. Kino kiraga nti enkola y'enkola y'okulonda, eyazaalibwa okuva ku Kisemba eddungi, kati efunze mu Northern Ireland. Kiwandisizza olukalala olwa demokulasedy'ose, oluwakanya obulwoojjuni, ne mu ngeri y'okufuga enjvumboo wakati w'okufuga okusobola okuleetawo okuleetawo okutaawula.

Bwe batunuulira mu maaso, eby'obufuzi eby'omu Northern Ireland eby'okulonda, kijja kweyongera okukyuka nga bitwalibwa mu kirowoozo kya Brein, enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo wakati w'abantu n'ensalo eziba zizzewo. Protooctive ne Windsor Frames, byaddamu okuleetawo empaka ez'oku DUP, ne biwagira ekigo ekigulumizo ku ku njjulufu okusobola okutunda n'okukumbula obumu obwa Sin Féin. Okulonda obutuufu okw'enkyukakyuka mu n'ennamba ezo kujja kulabika mu kulonda okw'Enkuŋŋaana endala, nga 2027, naye ekizimbi ekizingirwamu ekizingirwamu kiteekebwa mu kifo kya Bulungi Exprogreement STV, amaanyi ga dhont, dhont, commun - provvuunt produant . Ekitongole ekisangibwa mu ssemasaalwawo kisangibwa mu kifo ekiddako.

Okusobola okumanya ebisingawo ku kiragiro kya Good Flove Agreement n'engeri gye kiyinza okuganyulamu gavumenti z'omu Northern Ireland, weekebere BBC Northern Ireland[ era n'obujulizi obukwata ku kunoonyereza okutali kumu okukolebwa mu nsi yonna okusobola okutegeera ebigenda bikolebwa mu byobufuzi ebiriwo mu kitundu kino.