Okukolera Awamu Okutaano Ekirungi: Entebe ez’Emirembe

Endagaano eya Good Lwokubiri, eyasaaniinwa nga 10 Apuli 1998, y'emu ku mirembe egyava mu bukiika kkono n'ebukiikaddyo. Yakoma ku myaka asatu egy'ettemu ery'ekika ekimu, eryatta abantu abasukka mu 3,500. Endagaano yatandikawo gavumenti ey'amaanyi mu Northern Ireland, ebitongole ebiri ku midaala wakati w'obukiika kkono n'obwa South States, era n'ebitundu bya Irland ebya kampuni wakati w'obuvanjuba ne Northern ne Ireland byafuuka enteekateeka y'obumu wakati w'obumugattituke bw'Obwakabaka obwa United Kingdom ne Republic of Ireland. Crucily yawanjula omusingi guno gu'okukkiriza: Mu Northern Ireland tewalinamukkukkiriza kufuga ggwanga okuggyako nga bangi kye bawaze. Embalikananti eya waggulu wakati w'obukiikakiika kkono ne Ireland yafuuka ekitongole ekimanyikiina kya bulijjo ekitebe kyayo.

Mu ndagaano eyo mwakolebwa ku kukkiriza obulombolombo bubiri obukulu mu Northern Ireland: abagatta abannabyabufuzi (abayita Bungereza) ne bannaggwanga (abayita Irland). Baatandikawo enteekateeka za bya bufuzi ez'enjawulo ezaasobozesa abantu bonna okukolagana obulungi okusobola okukolagana obulungi. Ku mutima gwabwe, buli bantu baalina obweyamo obwandikozesezza enkola za demokulase ne demokulase okugonjoola obutakkaanya. Ekiwandiiko ekirungi ekyakolebwa ku Lwakutaano kyawandisizza tteeka eknywevu eryakkiriza Northern Ireland okugenda mu maaso, okusikiriza okujjuza ebigezo, n'okuwonya ebiwundu eby'amaanyi mu n'okuzzaawo emirembe.

Busimbalaala: Sseero ku sisitemu

Mu kalulu k'omwaka 2016, akalulu aka United Kingdom akaakwasibwa akaaleetera ekika kya Bulaaya okukyusa ennyiriri ezaali zigoberera endagaano eyo kubanga ekirango kya UK ne Ireland kyali mu EU. Ensalo wakati wa Ireland ow'omu bukiika kkono ne Ireland, kyali tekinneetaagisa kukeberwa mu nsalo ya EU, oba kuteekako bukodyo mu nvirondo. Brexit yagamba nti ekitonde ekyo kijja kusobozesa ensalo eyo etalabika okuyingira mu nsalo ya EU, enjawuwo y'ennamba ennywevu esobola okuzzaawo obusosoze n'okutabangula emirembe egya bulijjo.

Brexit teyakoma ku kusoomooza bannabyabufuzi olw'okubawaanyisa nnyo eby'obusuubuzi; naye era yaleetawo okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi mu by'obufuzi okwaviirako okuleetawo emirembe. Abatuuze ba ggwanga lya EU baatwala okwegatta okw'ekkumi n'entono okuba nga kye kikakasa obwannannyini era n'ekitiibwa, kyokka nga bangi abagasse obumu baatwala Brexit okuba omukisa okunyweza obufuzi bw'eggwanga lya UK. Ekyavaamu okukagwa mu njawukana okw'edda. Omusingi ogwak'okusemba olugonze kwe gukuumibwa mu Good Frigion - percent Agreement (56% Sset) ogwali mu kavvumbi akazuukuuti akaa akaalaga nti ne mu Northern Ireland tewagiddemu n'obusooti.

Obuzibu bw’Okukkiriza Ekiba Kizibu

Akatundu 1 ku kapapula akayitibwa Good Lwokubiri Aumbrition kagamba nti, entegeka ya Northern Ireland eyinza okukyuka singa abantu bagye bakkirizibwa. Kyokka, Brexit, eyakyusa enkolagana wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Ireland (nga bwe kyali kisigala mu EU), tekkirizibwanga mu ngeri emu ey'enjawulo mu Northern Ireland. Ekyo kyaleetawo enjawukana ku ndala eya demokulase eya demokulase era nga n'abawanguzi baakirizza ku nsonga eyo baagiwakanya. K yasalawo okuva mu EUS ne mu ggwanga lya Ireland nga tewali ngeri ndala eyinza kugonjoola emirembe.

Omusaayi: Ogwava mu Bitalabika Gudda mu Birungi

Tewali magazini eraga bulungi engeri empewo z'e Brexit gye zikwatibwako okusinga ensalo eri wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Ireland. Agument eya Good Lwokubiri yasonga ku kuggibwawo kw'ebyuma byonna ebiteekebwako obukuumi ku nsalo. Mu myaka egyaddako, enkambi z'ennamba zibuuka, ebifo we zisangibwa ne bibula, era n'enguudo ez'omu miwaawantu ne bye byaddamu okuzikubisaamu. Abantu baasaanyawo ebbali ne bye bateekako. Embagaano kyafuuka kizibu eri abantu abasinga obungi okugula ebintu, ne kibasobozesa amaka okugula emirimu, n'okukulembeza emirimu.

Breut awaliriza abo abagenda okubuuka negotiator okubuuza ekibuuzo ekikulu: K'ayinza atya okuleka obuwangwa bw'ensalo n'ensalo bya EU okusobola okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu nsalo za Irland? Euro bw'egira n'eraga ensalo, ebbali egguddeko ereme okussaawo enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuumu n'ensalo, tewaaliwo kukebera, era tewaaliwo nkyukakyuka mu budde obw'okunyinza kufuga. AUUUUS ekyetaagisa nti Northern Ireland esigale ew'empandika egoberera amateeka gaayo.

Akakwakkulizo ka Ireland ow’Omu Mambuka: Akakiiko Akakola ku by’Okukola

Mu ndagaano eyo, yakolebwa ku 1 Jjanwali 2021, nga bagoberera enkola ya EU.T. Okusobola okukuuma ensalo ya Ireland nga mu bukiika kkono ereme okusaasaanawo, era n'okukwatagana n'amateeka g'omu Bulaaya EU. Kino kitegeeza nti obulombolombo bwalina okukeberebwa n'okufuga okuva ku Nnyanja Ireland, ne bukola olubalama lw'e Great Britain ne Northern Ireland.

Abakola enzijanjaba y'Ekibiina kya Union Union baakitwala nti akakwate akaateekebwawo ka Bukiika kkono wa Ireland kaateekebwawo mu kifo eky'okugaana amateeka agamu mu EU okugateeka ku bukulembeze nga tegataddewo akalulu, era ne baawulwa ku ttuluba lya UK lyonna mu ngeri z'obusuubuzi. Ekika kya Democratic Unionism Party (Dupu) kyeggyayo obuvunaanyizibwa bwakyo mu kibiina kyavuga nti, obutongole ekya Province Good Osembration kye yali yatandikawo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Nationaliss yasonga ku ndagaano eyo ng'obujulizi obulaga nti, obwa waggulu buwanjufu mu Nnyanja obwa Bungereza, obwa Bungereza, obwalina ekifo eky'okumanjulako, ne Ireland.

Okuddirira mu by’Eby’obufuzi: Integeka Ezitagenda Bulungi

Ekivume eky'okutaano kyatandikawo kabuno k'obutegeke bwa mirundi esatu: Olukuŋŋaana olw'obukiika kkono wa Ireland (Stromont), Olukiiko lw'Abaweereza mu bukiika ddyo, ne ku kakiiko k'obukiika ddyo aka Bungereza-Irish Interpresence. Okusingira ddala, akakwakkulizo ka Protood, kaateeka wonsatule wonna mu kupikirizibwa okw'amaanyi. olukuŋŋaana olunene n'olw'abakulembezo terwandisobodde kukola nga teruvudde ku mukutu gwa zza bukiika kkono, ate ne ku kakiiko aka Dupuk kalina kye kategeeza nti Northern Ireland terina gavumenti eyagibwamuko okumala emyaka ebiri (okuva mu Febwali 20222 okutuuka mu Febwali 2024).

Enteekateeka z'eby'obufuzi ez'okukka wansi zaakosa nnyo emirimu gya gavumenti, ne kirowoozawo okusalawo ku bulamu, obuyigirize, n'amatendekero, era ne kiyongera n'okwesiga abantu mu kifo. Omuntu obutabeera na kakiiko ka bakungu mu Northern Ireland era kyali kitegeeza nti mu kuteesa okugootaana n'okutunda ebigo ebyayo ebya kabuttu. Abakulembedde eky'obufuzi obwa demokulaafu kye kyali kirabuse nti kyeyoleka bulungi: okusalawo okwali ku mbeera y'eby'eby'enfuna mu Northern Ireland ne Brussel nga tewali biyingizibwa bya bulijjo.

Abantu mu Kitundu n’Ebifo by’Abo Abali mu Kibiina

Brequit yatandika okukuba empaka ku kyeraga mu Northern Ireland, ekyatereezebwa ekiwandiiko ekikola ku bulungi ku Lwokubiri ekyamanyibwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Abagattiddwa bangi baakitwala nti Parato teyassa kitiibwa mu kifo kya Northern Ireland, kyokka nga bannaggwanga bangi baakitwala nti kyali tekisoboka kuzzaawo nkyukakyuka mu Ireland. Ebyo byaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu kufuba okuleetawo amaanyi agatagasa okuzzaawo amaanyi.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka erya Kratifomu eryalagira nti ebintu okuva mu Great Britain bituukanye n'enkola za EU litwalibwa ng'okumenya enzivuunula y'obufumbo mu nsi ez'enjawulo ez'ekika kya 'EU', ate bannabyabufuzi baakitwala nti kyandyetaanya okussaawo emirembe. Olulimi lwennyini olwakozesebwa okunnyonnyola ensalo y'Ennyanja ey'e Irish" oba "trade ensalo z'eby'obufuzi." lwafuuka ekitongole eky'enfunze mu by'obufuzi obw'enkola eno. Okusukka mu n'olulimi lwa Brembo lwa Brexit lwalina okuz'okutaano lwalina ensonga enkuluko.

Okusasulira Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga: Obusuubuzi n’Enfuna

Eby'enfuna bya Breits ku Northern Ireland byawuniikiriza ate ate ne bisetagisa. Ku mukono gumu, akakwakkulizo kawa Northern Ireland okukkirizibwa okw'emirundi ebiri: kasigala mu katale k'omu UK era ne mu kampuni y'obusuubuzi ey'omu EU ey'okutunda ebintu. Kino kyewuunyisa nnyo mu kusemba ebintu. Kampuni ezikola ku nsi yonna zitwala Northern Ireland nga "gaway" mu butaka bwombi. Ku luuyi olulala, amakompuni gayinza okumanyisa ebizinyisiddwako nga Great Britain, ebikolebwa kumpi 60% ku n'obusuubuzi bwonna obw'omu Northern Ireland.

Bamaguzi abatonotono n'ab'omu nfumbo, babadde basobezza nnyo okuleetawo enjawukana. Bbala lya bbeke mu County Tyrone eryaweerezanga ebintu mu maduuka agatunda eby'obulwadde mu Glasgow kati liteekwa okumaliriza ebikiwandiiko eby'obulwadde ebiva mu nsi endala. Omulimi atwala ente mu Bungereza talina biwandiiko bipya. Obuzibu buno buleetera enjereere mu by'enfuna eyakubirizibwa ne Great Britain okukendeera. Ate era n'obusosoze bw'omulembe gwa Southern Bugazi bukyusizza obusuubuzi wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Ireland nga ne Ireland bweyongera okuva nga bizinesi eby'ebunyinyisigibwa ku njuku zombi zigoberera amateeka ga EUU, ate n'okusuubuzi n'obusuubuzi ne Bungereza nga bwe bwe bukendedde.

Eddakiika nfumbo terikeberezebwa. Mu Febwali 2023, ekitongole ekikola ku by'enfuna kyakkiriza wakati wa UK ne EU, nga kirina ekigendererwa eky'okukendeeza ebiwandiiko by'amateeka nga bikendeeza ebbeezeesa ebiba bigenda mu Northern Ireland yokka, era nga biwa ebitongole bya Ireland ey'omu bukiika kkono eddoboozi erisingako. Wadde nga dayimooni eyo yayogera ku bizibu ebimu ebyagootaanya, tewagonjoolera buzibu . Obut'obufuzi obwagenda mu Northern Ireland obugenda mu maaso bukoma okuko nga obuteezesezza ssente mu kifo kya waggulu eky'okutuuka ku brooke.

Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kukolagana n’Abantu

Brexit era akutte ne ku bulamu bw'abantu mu Northern Ireland mu ngeri etalabika. Omusaalaba gulina enzigi okutuusa nga gulina obuwaze obw'enjawulo. Abantu ababeera mu nsalo z'ensalo, nga Newry, Dundalk, oba Derryändonderry, bategeeza nti waliwo enjawukana mu bantu. Obukuumi obwava mu misaawulo emyaka amakumi abiri egiyise buyitiddwako ng'akabonero ak'emirembe; okubuyingiza obugyungizi bw'ebifo ebipya ku n'obuwandikiro, gamba nga Newry, Dundelk, oba Derry\ Londonderry, kizuuliddwamu enjawulo.

Ebibiina by'abavubuka n'eby'abantu ebyesigamizibwa ku nsawo z'omusanvu z'omulembe ne mu bitundu ebisukka mu kimu nga bikozesa essente eziva mu EU .Nga nga kino pulogulamu eya Programu ne w'esobola okuleetawo emirembe. Ekiragiro UK ewandike ewatego ewabawaanyawo enviiri z'ekibiina kya UK era nga zeraliikirira nti ewandikibwe ku Lwokubiri gujja kweyongera. Ekiragiro Good Frigive Activesment, nga kikolera wamu mu kukolagana mu bantu mu ngeri emu ne mu by'ebyenfuna. Breebut'ezibuwaza Breat.

Ebinaabaawo mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Ebiwandiiko Ebiyamba Emirembe n’Obunywevu

Ebireetezo ebibereberye ku Lwokubiri olw'okuva mu budde obusooka byesigamye ku kuganja mu by'obufuzi n'okutuukiriza emikolo gy'ekibiina.

Ekyokulabirako 1: Okubunyisa mu Kaamuni y’Empewo

Singa ekitongole ekifuga empewo kiddamu okukola nga bwe kiba kyateeberezebwa, era n'ebizibu ebyava mu kakiiko akafuzi ka Ireland ne bigonjoolwa mpolampola. Ebiwandiiko okuva mu Great Britain bijja kuba bitono era ne Stormont Brake ajja kusobozesa bannabyabufuzi okuwakanya amateeka amapya aga EUNIRC agandibadde n'ebirumya. Mu kino, okuteekawo kino, ebibiina ebikola ebiwandiiko bya Province ebibaddewo ku Lwokubiri biddamu okukolebwa wadde ng'obukuubagavu obusigalawo. Emirembe gijja kweyongera mu maaso, naye enkolagana wakati wa Northern Ireland ne UK gijja kweyongera okulongoosebwamu.

Embeera 2: Endagaano Egenda Teggwaako

Singa wabaawo okugootaana mu by'obufuzi, ebitongole ebikola ku kakiiko akafuzi akayitibwa Good Frieve Auvement nakyo kyongera okukaluba. Abakulembeze b'eggwanga lya UK basalawo ku nsonga ezikwata ku Northern Ireland ne baleetera abantu obutavunaana oba obutakkiriza bantu kuyingira mu mudaala gw'ensi.

Embeera 3: Enkyukakyuka mu Mateeka

Brequit yeeyongera okukuba empaka ku bikwata ku kugatta awamu Irlande. Abatunzi ba ggwanga bagamba nti ne mu Northern Ireland wandibadde bulungi mu nsi eyo, ate bo abagatta awamu bagamba nti obumu mu Ireland bujja kuleetawo okutaataaganyizibwa mu by'enfuna. Good Frivent Association ewa ebiwandiiko ebikakasa ensalo. Naye, Ssaabawandiisi w'ensi mu Northern Ireland ateekwa okukubira essimu singa kirabika nti abantu bangi bajja kusalawo okuba obumu. Okunoonyereza kwa leero tekulaga nti enjawukana wakati w'abantu abato n'endowooza ezizzeewo mu balonda, naye okunoonyereza kuyinza okuleetawo embeera eyo.

Embeera 4: Endagaano Empya

Abakugu abamu bagamba nti endagaano empya eya Kkomoleevu ey'oku Lwokubiri eyinza okukkirizibwa okuzza obuggya okusobola okutegeera obutuufu bw'ekiro. Ekiragiro kino, endagaano empya "UK-Ireland Lawrice" oba Protood Tractive eyinza okuzzaawo enkolagana ennungi wakati w'abantu ababeera mu Northern Ireland. Kyokka, okuggulawo amateeka gaamu kiyinza okuggyawo obubenje obw'amaanyi obulaga nti wazzewo emirembe. Gavumenti empya ez'ekika kya UK ne Irland ziyinza okuwanirira endagaano ennungi ey'emirembe nga bwe zigoberera enkola y'ekitongole ekigobeeyambisibwa enzijira enzikkiriza okuzza enzikkiriza obutuufu obutategeeragana obuzirimu.

Olukulu: Okutuukiriza Endagaano Enlungi ey’Okutaano

Brexit akeberezza endagaano ennungi ku Lwokubiri mu ngeri gye batandisuubidde. Ensalo enkadde, eyali tekkirizibwa, kati nsonga ya bya bufuzi. Amaanyi-gafuga, era agabaddemu enkola ey'okugonjoolera ddala olutalo, gafubye nnyo okusobola okuddukanya emirembe. Wadde kiri kityo, emitindo gya Kivumenti gye yassaawo gyakagattika. “okukkirizibwa, ettuttumu, n'okukozesa eby'emirembe nga bikyali bya mugaso nnyo.

Ekizibu ekikolebwa abafuzi ba kampuni mu London, Dublin, Brussels, ne Belfast kwe kunoonya ekifo eky'emirembe ekissa ekitiibwa mu bufuzi bwa UK' ne mu bugolokofu bwa EU, ng'ate era ne bakuuma obukuumi obuweebwa mu kkirizano ya Kibiina kya Kutaano. Amateeka ga mu Northern Ireland[ n'enkolagana [FLT:] bikiikirira okugezaako okukola ekyo, naye si kye kikolwa eky'emirembe ekimala. Ekiragiro kino tekimalako. Ekiragiro eky'emirembe tekikola ng'ekigobeekirango naye kisobozesa abantu okubeera n'okufaayo ku nsonga eyo.

Mu nkomerero, Agumenter Application ya ku Lwokubiri eyinza okuba nga ya muganyulo nnyo. Yakolebwa okusobozesa abantu okufuna ebigendererwa eby'enjawulo .Bukyayi, obwa Irland, n'obw'omu Northern Ireland, era n'obw'okusobozesa enkyukakyuka okubaawo nga tewabadde bikolwa bya kikolwa kya ttemu. Brexit kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka ezo ziyinza okugonjoozebwa, naye era nti endagaano y'eyo yokka ebeerawo mu biseera eby'emirembe mu Nkiika Ddoomulembe gwa . Emirembe gy'ogasseewo mu 1998 tegirina kugobererwa, naye era tegikusobola kugobererwa bannaaw'okuleetawo emirembe mu nsi empya.