Olubereberye w’Eggwanga

Constitution ya Amerika kye kiwandiiko ekikomerera okufuga Amerika, ekyakolebwa mu lukuŋŋaana olukulu olw'amateeka mu Philadelphia mu 1787. Kyokka, ekkubo erigenda mu nkalala eno ey'okubiri lyali lyangu naye nga terimu kyeyoleka. Nnannyini bannabyabufuzi baafuna okwolesebwa kwa njawulo ku bikwata ku biseera eby'omu maaso eby'eggwanga. Era, enteekateeka zino tezaayoleka enjawulo wakati w'obufuzi bwa ggwanga ne gavumenti za Amerika zokka. Ate era zireetebwawo enkola y'eggwanga erifuga mu ngeri y'obusosoze obw'ebintu bibiri: Okuteekateeka kwa Virginia n'enkanizo. Gavumenti zino zaamenya enkanizo wakati w'obufuzi bw'eggwanga n'obutono, wakati w'obufuzi bw'eggwanga ne gavumenti za Amerika ezikola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Ate era ne ku nkola y'obufuzi bw'ensi ya Amerekawo. Okutegeera ebyo tekirina kukwata ku nteekateeka ya [[FL:]

Ebyafaayo: Obunafu bw’Ebitundu Ebikwata ku Kukkiriza

Okutegeera obulungi obukulu bw'eggwanga Virginia ne New Jersey Programme, omuntu alina okusooka okutegeera embeera y'obuteeberezebwa ey'eggwanga wansi wa ziragaaso . Gavumenti gaateekawo mu 1781, obwaleetawo gavumenti ey'omu nfumbo ennafu((nzivuunvu), obwayo obwatandikawo obukyayi "bulina enkolagana wakati w'amawanga agafuga. Lingrcence ya ggwanga terina buyinza ku ku bikwata ku by'okusasula, oba kukwata amateeka gaayo. Yandisobodde okusaba ssente n'abasirikale okuva mu mawanga, ekisabye ekitera okubuusibwa obuvumu. Obuvumu bwa Shays (1717-178777), obukyasibe bw'abalimi ab'omugole mu Massachuse, kyalaga nti gavumenti y'esobola okukuuma embeera oba okugonjoola ebizibu. Kino kyafuuka kizibu kya maanyi mu Nsonga y'ensonga y'eggwanga, nga James Macellandson ne Hamily baakkerere n'eggwanga. Ate era nga bannaagoberebersonsonsonsonsonsonson, ensonga enkulu eya waggulu, nga bannak'ensonga endala, gavumenti endala

Olutego lwa Virginia: Olupapula Olukwata ku Gavumenti y’Ensi

Virginia Plan, eyayingizibwa James Madison[FLT] owa Virginia era eyaweebwa Gavana Edmund Randolph nga Maayi 29, 1787, kye kintu eky'asooka okuteekateeka mu lukuŋŋaana olwo. Kye kyavaako n'obuvumu ku Ssentensi ez'Ekizimbe. Madison, ekyakubirizibwa nnyo okunoonyereza ku by'obukulembeze ne gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti, kyalowooza nti gavumenti y'amaanyi yokka erina obuyinza obunene ku bantu aba bulijjo gye yandisobodde okuwanirira era n'okukuuma eddembe.

Emisingi gy’Oluganda Virginia Plan

Virginia Plan yawaanya okussaawo gavumenti ey'eggwanga eririna amatabi asatu ag'enjawulo: enzijanjaba, n'okufuga, era n'okusala emisango. Ekintu kyayo ekisinga okukaayana kyali kikwata ku ntegeka y'eggwanga. Yasaba biobamaral (ennyumba bbiri) Congress, nga kirimu n'ebigambo byombi byagabanyizibwa okusinziira ku bantu b'eggwanga oba obugagga, enkola eyandigasse eyinza okuganyula ennyo amasaza amanene nga Virginia, Pennsylvania, ne Massachusetts. Entegeka era n'ewandikiro yawa enteekateeka y'amateeka agaagibwamu, awamu n'amateeka agakontana n'amateeka agafuga n'ebyago.

  • [[AGUMENTI][:0] Legislature:[[FULT:1] Ennyumba entono elondebwa abantu, era ennyumba esinga obukulu elondeddwa ennyumba entono okuva ku bannannyini gigitongolebwa amasomero ga gavumenti.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Ebitegeeza:[[Akabonero:1] Obutuuti bwonna obw'ennyumba obusabidwa okusinziira ku muwendo gw'abantu oba ku ssente ebiweebwayo okuva mu buli ssaza.
  • [[Act:0] Ekitongole eky'ensi yonna: Ani afuga ekitundu kimu, alondeddwa sistemu y'eggwanga, era ng'alina obuyinza okukwasisa amateeka g'eggwanga n'okukwasisa ebiragiro ebyaveto (kati fugibwa okukola nga wazzewo enkola).
  • Ekiragiro kino kifuga eggwanga:[ Entegeka ya kooti ez'ensi yonna nga mw'otwalidde n'ebiwandiiko eby'omu bunene, nga birina enfuga ku nsonga z'eggwanga ne ku misango egizingiramu abatuuze ab'ensi ez'enjawulo.
  • [[Act:0] Akabonero ak'obwewuuzi:[[NKUMBO] Akulira akakiiko n'abalamuzi ab'amawanga abawerako baateekawo olukiiko olulina obuyinza okumenya amateeka g'eggwanga n'ag'eggwanga (ekiragiro kino oluvannyuma kyakendeezebwawo).

Batya nti okussaawo obulagizi obwa bulijjo kyandibaviiriddeko okulemererwa, era ne balyoka bagoberera ebigendererwa byabwe.

Olutego Olupya olw’Okuyingira mu Ggwanga Lye Ludda Olwaddaaki

Nga baddamu empagi eyitibwa Virginia Plan, gavumenti zino entono zakola nga zigoberera enkola eyalagibwa Paterson owa New Jersey nga Jjuuni 15, 1787]. Parents Plan ya New Jersey okukomyawo obutundu obwa Kansa mu kifo kya bwo. Yafuba okukuuma omusingi ogukwata ku bwenkana n'ogwa kawumpuli omu ng'ewa gavumenti gavumenti endala endala ng'ewaayo gavumenti z'ezza obunene amaanyi mu kusasula emisolo ne mu bukwasisa by'eby'obusuubuzi.

Ebintu Ebikulu Ebiri mu Plan ya New Jersey

Olupapula lwa New Jersey Plan lwali lwa njawulo nnyo. Ekiwandiiko kyalwo ekisinga okukulu kyali kikwata ku kukuuma Unicaral Congress nga buli ggwanga, kabe nga lyalina obunene bwe lirina okulonda kamu. Kino kyali tekikkirizibwa ku bakungu bato mu ggwanga nga Paterson, Luther Martin of Maryland, ne John Lansing of New York. Kyokka, enteekateeka yawa Congress obuyinza ku misolo, enjssombirira eby'obusuubuzi n'eby'obusuubuzi obulala. Crucio, era yalangirira nti amateeka n'ebiwandikiro bya United States byandibadde "Upme of New York" ate nga kyeyavaako ekiwandiiko eby'omutemwa w'olukiiko olukulu olwa Claus.[5]

  • [[AGUMENTI] Omugaanyi ogw'obungi:[[FULT:1] Olukiiko olw'ennyumba emu olw'erina gavumenti erimu obululu bwe bumu (nga bino wammanga).
  • [[Akabonero:0] Olukiiko olwayungiziddwako obuyinza:[ Olukalala lwasobola okuleetera ekiragiro okufuna emisolo egiva mu mpandika eya levy (nga kikozeseddwa okuyitira mu kugoosa ebibonero), okutegeka ebizimbe, n'okutereka amabaluwa.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Kiragiro ekifuga enfuga: Kakiiko ak'abantu abawerako abalondebwa Congress, ne kazzibwawo lukalala lwa lukiiko, ate nga temuli na buyinza bwonna.
  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro 'eggwanga' gye likoma okukiwandiisa:[ Olukiiko olukulu olw'ensi yonna olulina entegeka z'ebiragiro ebikoma ku kusazaamu, ku kirango, ne ku misango egizingiramu amateeka g'amawanga oba amawanga amalala.
  • [[AK'AMUT:0] Claus: Amateeka n'endagaano by'ensi yonna byandibadde bikola ku masaza era kkooti za gavumenti zandigoberedde.

Abawagizi baayo baagambanga nti gavumenti zaali zifuga bokka era nti nga zaayingira mu mulembe; okuzikwata ennyo kyandyetaaze okuba nga tezikyagoberera misingi gya gavumenti eyadzewo. Okukaayana wakati w'entegeka ezo zombi kwafuuka kwa maanyi nnyo ne kiba nti ziyinza okuzimalawo zonna.

Okubuusabuusa Okukulu: Etteeka ly’Eddembe ly’Eddembe Likontana n’Ebigambo by’Amawanga

Obukuubagano wakati wa Virginia ne New Jersey Programme tebwali butakkaanya bwa bufirosoofo; era kyali njawukana ey'amaanyi ekwata ku nkula y'obumu mu Washington. Abawagizi ab'eggwanga eddene, nga bakulemberwa Madison, Washington, ne Hamilton, baawakanya nti eggwanga lyalimu abantu, naye nga terifuga, era n'olwekyo obuwayi bulaga ennamba z'abantu. Baagezaako okuleka abantu abatono abali mu bitundu byayo okutwalibwa okuba nga bafunjawo obunene. Gavumenti ntono, nga gakulemberwa Paterson ne Roger Sherman ab'oku Connecticut, gaakakasa nti Union erimu ebitundu ebifuga eby'anyiikibwamu. Baakakasizza nti aw'ebigambo ebitono bikuumibwawo byonna, era nti n'e Union bifuuka obwakabaka obunyigiriza. Erppectivering; olumu, Rho olumu olumu oluyimba lwa Run. Rur Rur Rung, olumu olw'olu olwo lwalimu olw'okusuubira okusuubira nti, olwo olwo olwo olwo

Abantu b’omu Connecticut Bekkiriranya: Baasala Ekkubo Erya Kaseera

Olukuŋŋaana bwe lwamala wiiki nga lufunze, okwekkiriranya kwali kwetaagisa nnyo. Obuwanguzi bwava ku Rager Sherman n'abagenyi abalala okuva mu Connecticut, abaateekateeka ekyayitibwa Connecticut Sincent (oba Great Tree Tree),. Ekyakolebwa nga Jjulaayi 5, 1787, ebiteeso byombi byagookebwa mu nteekateeka zombi. Kyakola ebizibya ebika bya bimenti: Ekitebe eky'Abakiikirira n'abakkiriza ebitebe by'abakiikirira n'ebitebe ebiweeyambisibwa ebyeyambisibwa mu bantu (nga bwe kyali nga ekitongole ekibadde kinoonya) eky'okuwagira mu ku kuyingira mu lukusa lwonoonyeze.[FLD:5]

Nga Jjulaayi 16, okwekkiriranya kwakkirizibwa katonoko n'okulonda wakati w'ebitundu 5 ne mitwe 4, nga mu ggwanga limu ligawuddwamu. Ekiragiro kino kimu kyawonya Convention eya Convention of Constitution okugwa[. Tekukomya butakaanya bwonna nga n'okubala abaddu okusobola okubalibwa (Abaddu Abasatu ab'esatu ab'asatu ab'okwetongoka) era n'etteeka eryalagira abaddu okutunda abaddu lyali likyali likyaliwo(*) naye lyatandikawo ekizimbe ekikulu eky'obukiiko obukulu obw'eggwanga bw'eggwanga.

Nga Twonna Wasinga Ebikiikirira: Ebintu ebirala eby’Olubeerera

Wadde okukaanya ekifo eky'obutuuze kyaleetawo okuleetawo okusoomooza okulala okw'amaanyi ku lukuŋŋaana olwo, enteekateeka zino zombi zaaleetera ekiwandiiko eky'okubiri okuggyamu ensonga enkulu mu Constitution. Endowooza ya dayirekita ow'amaanyi era ow'okufuga teyetongodde yafuuka omufuzi omukulu, n'obuyinza bw'omusirikale. Okutunuulira kwamu okw'eggwanga n'abalamuzi mu mpisa ennungi kwakkirizibwa mu Kitiibwa IIII. Okuteeka essira ku bukulu bw'amateeka g'eggwanga [ kwa Ssemateeka mu nkola ya Cevice, Clausleace, enzik'obuyinza obwava mu kibiina kya gavumenti kya New Jersey.

Era enteekateeka zaakyusanga endowooza ku ngeri gye baakwatamu ensonga nga bakubaganye ebirowoozo ku [. Plan Virginia Plan yali yawa amagezi nti enkyukakyuka ziyinza okukolebwa siirferiyoyamenti y'eggwanga yokka, naye ne kiba nti Plan ya New Jersey Plan ekyetaagisa okukkirizibwa mu ggwanga limu. Ekiragiro ekyasembayo kyaleetawo ekipimo eky'enjawulo. Ebiba bikyusizza mu kulonda mu nnyumba zombi ne mu kusengeka ebisatu ebisatu eby'ebina by'ebifo (oba enkuŋŋaana ennene) byetaasatu eby'ensi eno bye byagoberezebwa, era nga bizibu okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukyusizaamu ebiro ebibiri mu n'emirundi musanvu.

Okutunda Ebibi n’Ebyago by’Obufuzi

Ekiragiro ekyo, bwe kyalondebwa, kyawa gavumenti y'eggwanga amaanyi mangi okusinga New Jersey Plan gye yali asuubira, naye era kyakuuma obufuzi bw'eggwanga okusinga Virginia Plan. Kino kye kiwandiise kiwandiikizo eky'obufuzi[[[FLL:1]]].[FLT][1][10][16][16][%][Gawulo kya gavumenti wakati wa gavumenti y'ensi ne gavumenti((*yafuuka akabonero ak'enjawulo ak'ensika akakulu ennyo.'empaka ez'enjawulo ez'ebyobufuzi bwa Amerika.'ensi yafuuka akabonero ak'enjawulo mu n'enkaalwanyo (17871888), Anti-Federalist, nga eyogera ku nsonga ezikwata ku nteekateeka za New Jersey, nga zigamba nti, amateeka amapya gayinza okuleetawo k'amaanyi. Mu kuddamu, obukyayinjabi ku nsonga enkulu ennyo okuva ku ku nsonga za Cernive, Farney'erset, nga yakyusizza olukalala olupya.[F.][5]

Okusiima Endowooza z’Abalala ez’Omu Kiseera Kino: Engeri Okwesamba Emitindo gy’Eddiini gy’Eddiini gy’Ekibiina gye Kikyakola ku by’Obunnabyabufuzi

Obukugu bwa Virginia ne New Jersey Programme tebwali bwa byafaayo kyokka; era busigala nga bwa maanyi nnyo mu bya bufuzi eby'omu Amerika eby'omu kiseera kye kimu. Senete ekikiikirira abantu kyenkanankana[ (omutima gwa New Jersey Plan) kitegeeza nti, Wyoming, ng'abantu nga 5800,000 balina amaanyi ga ku kulonda nga California, nga nga obukadde nga 39. Kino kirina amakulu amakulu mangi nnyo mu nkola: kiwandikiro, ekiwandikiro ekivaako obuyinza obutono ku ku ku kussaawo z'emisango, ebivvumba, n'etteeka. [[FLY:2] Ennyumba y'abakiikirira [FOLD:3] (omutima gwa Virginia) kikakasa abantu okutandikawo enkola y'okusasula emisolooza ssente mu maka mangi n'ebitongole. Omuntu omu mu n'omuvugirowooteennyonnyonnyonnyona mu lukalala lw'omukolo ogumu. . Omuntu akkiriza akakiiko olupya mu lukalala lw'omukolo olupya, olwo lw'olw lw'

Ebifaananyi eby’Omuwendo n’Engeri Gye Byakwatako

Okutegeera ekigendererwa ekiba kitegekeddwa, era kitegeeza okusiima abasajja abali emabega. James Madison, atera okuyitibwa "Kitaffe ow'Olukalala lw'amateeka," ye yali omugezi mu Plan y'e Virginia. Bye yawandiika okuva ku lukuŋŋaana bye bikulu ebikwata ku ddirisa lyaffe ekkulu mu mpaka. [[FLT:]] Paterson[[FLT:]], munnamateeka ow'amagezi era oluvannyuma Omulamuzi w'Olukiiko olukulu, lye ddoboozi ly'ebitongole ekinene, eryali linywereza amateeka amatono, okukakasa nti Union by'ekiwandikiro byonna eby'ekitiibwa bya buli kitundu. [[FLT:] RGORN] R [[FLT] olukalala] olumanyisanyuse mu ggwanga ery'enko; ye yekka eyatandikawo akabonero akakulu akalaga ebina ebitongole ebinene, n'envigaano, ebiva mu Ntengo, ebivanyuma y'ensonga enkulu eya enteekateeka y'ensonga enkulu eyago, era n'enjirimu, eyo mu kibiina ekigo mu

Okwo Kufundikira: Ensi Erimu Ebizinga

Constitution ya U.S. teri mu nteekateeka ya Virginia Plan oba New Jersey Plan mu ngeri ey'amagezi. Virginia Plan yawa okwolesebwa kwa gavumenti y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi era nga erina obuyinza bungi ku bantu kinnoomu. Plan ya New Jersey yakakasa nti gavumenti zisigala nga nkulu mu nteekateeka y'eby'obufuzi, ng'obufuzi bwazo bukuumibwa okuyitira mu ngeri ez'enjawulo mu kkooti y'amateeka. Okugooleka , okwagattirawo ebyo ebibiri, ne ku nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Enkaalwawo ezo enziganya oluvannyuma ne k'ebyamasaza g'eggwanga, zaawulawo wakati w'amawanga ne gavumenti y'amatabi gaazo essatu. Enkola eno ey'enjawulo eyolese bulungi mu myaka 230, era n'obutebenkenkenkerevu, n'enkyukakyuka mu n'enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu mbeera z'abantu. Enkanobo za New Jersey zisigala nga ze zimu ku by'obukugunjufu mu by'obukugukugunjufumu obw'obukugukugukugukuguso: era ne ku n'obufunja mu

Okusoma Eyongera n’Amakulu

Okusobola okwekenneenya entegeka z’Ekiwandiiko n’entegeka bino, noonyereza ku bawandiisi abamanyiddwa:

  • [[AMBERIB] Etterekero ly'eggwanga: Constitution of the United States[ – Empandiika n'enkumbo ebya Virginia ne New Jersey Maceation.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Ekitongole ky'eggwanga: Internact Constitution and Historical Documents – Expert Expert ne kkopi ezaatookebwa.
  • [[Act:0] project evanze mu k'essomero lya Yale Law School: Convention of Constitution[[FULT:1] – ebiwandiiko eby'entegeka, empandika ez'empaka ne ebyo bye bawandiiseeko mu Madison's.