Emikolo eminene, okuva ku mikolo gy'eby'obufuzi, gamba ng'ennyimba n'emikolo gy'okulambula emizannyo, gyasikiriza enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu abeenyigira mu mizannyo n'abalabiina ng'ebawagidde nnyo obuwagizi mu nkuŋŋaana ng'ezo, abapoliisi bateekwa okufuga abantu bangi ennyo nga bassa ekitiibwa mu ddembe lya bantu ab'entebe z'eggwanga. Emitindo gy'amateeka egifuga abapoliisi mu ngeri gye bakwatamu abantu mu biseera eby'okufuga ennyimba gisibuka mu mateeka gisibuka ku mateeka, ebiragiro ebiragiddwawo, era n'amateeka okugobeewa abala ensonga. Emitindo gino gitwetaagisa okutegeka obulungi eddembe lya buli muntu kinnoomu, okusibawo, okusibawo, okusibawo, n'okukwata ebikuŋŋanye. Okutegeera enkola zino z'eby'amateeka by'abakungu ba mateeka, abawabuzi b'amateeka, n'okukuuma eddembe lya demose.

Ensibuko y’Okufuga Obubiina mu Ssaddaaka

Okulongoosebwa kwa mirundi esatu okw'ensonga enkulu kukulu nnyo: okuwerebwa kw'olukuŋŋaana olw'emirembe okwasooka, etteeka ery'okuna ery'okusalako ensanso n'ekwakaluubibwa, n'obukakafu obwa 14 obulaga engeri enteekateeka eya Amereka gye yandigonjoddwamu okusobola okuddukanya emirembe mu nsi yonna, era n'obukakafu bw'eb'eb'okuwerezaamu ekiragiro ekya 14 okusobola okukuuma emirembe.

Omutemeso gw’Okusooka – Eddembe ly’Okukuŋŋaana

Ekitongole ekitegeka empapula z'ebitundu eby'ebitundu eby'omu nsi yonna kigamba nti: “Eddembe ly'abantu okukuŋŋaana awamu mu mirembe era n'okusaba Gavumenti okugonjoola ebizibu ebirala mu” terijja kusikirizibwa. Ekiragiro kino kikkirizibwa okuwera ebifo ebya lukalu, enguudo, n'ebifo ebitwalibwa ng'entebe ezitwalibwa nga za bulijjo. Mu bikolo ennene, apolisi tebasobola kuziyiza kukuŋŋaana kubanga okukuŋŋaana kwa maanyi oba okuyomba. Kyokka, gavumenti eyinza okuteekawo ebiseera ebimalako, era n'ebteekawo enzirembe ku bukuumi, singa eziyiza okutawabulwa oba obukulembedde, singa enzikkiriza okukolebwa kw'eby'eby'ettemu okukolebwa, oba okulekebwa obukugirwa mu ngeri y'enjawulo. amagye bwe gakubawo, babaako ebintu eby'okuteekawo obukulembedde mu ngeri ey'eby'okwewala, balina okuba nga babadde basuubira okuteekawo eby'enkola mu mirimu egy'amaanyi.[2]

Okusalawo okw’Okuna – Okunoonyereza, Okukozesa Amaanyi

Olukalala olw'okuna lukuuma abantu obutasenguse era obutakwatibwa kabuguwa. Buli nkolagana efuga abantu, oba eziyiza eddembe lya bantu, oba emirandira, oba okukwatibwa, eba tesaana olw'obuteeberezebwa oba olw'ensonga. Abapoliisi tebasobola kukulembera omuwendo “Terry : oba okuseesa obutereeze mu bantu awatali kuteebereza bukyamu. [[FLT:][[FLT] [1968]] Balina okuleka abasirikale okuyimirira n'okusiiggira omuntu omu singa babuusabuusa nti omuntu alina envumbo, naye nga waliwo akabi kalina okukimu, naye nga kkooti zigenderedde okutaasa akabi ku bantu abo bonna. Mu ngeri y'emu, okukozesebwa okw'ekiteempewo kuyinza okuba nga kukolebwa mu ‘ ttendekero ery'obuteego'ofu.'omutindo gwa bulijjo kukkirizibwa mu ku ku ekyo. [[Fra][3][9][9] Kino kiyinza okusobozesa abalawunzivumivuusibwa ennyo okukibwa oba okubonesesa , olw'okuki

Omuteende ogw’Akakkumi n’Ana – Engeri Egeetaagisa Okukwata n’Okukuumibwa nga Bwe Kyetaagisa

Entegeka ey'ekkumi n'ena, ewa obukuumi obulala bwonna. Sseat Processol Claus egaana enkola za poliisi n'ebikolwa byayo okuzikwata ku biruubirirwa bya gavumenti. Empact Claus tekkiriza kusosola okw'ekika, eggwanga, oba engeri endala ez'obukuumi. Singa abasirikale bagoberera enkola ez'amaanyi ezireetebwa ekibiina ky'abantu ab'ekika ekimu, ekyo kiyinza okuleetera abantu okunoonyereza ennyo n'okuvunaanibwa omusango.

Okukozesa Emitindo n’Ebikolwa eby’Okufuga Obubiina

Wadde abapoliisi ba gavumenti bakkirizibwa okukozesa obuyinza okukaka abantu okulwana, naye omutindo gwa mateeka gutegeerekeka bulungi: gulina okuba nga gusaanira, nga gulina okukolebwa mu mbeera ezimu.

Omutindo gw’Okutegeera Ekituufu n’Ekikyamu

Kkooti enkulu mu eraze nti omumenyi w'amateeka alina okusalirwa omusango mu ngeri y'omusirikale omutegeevu awatali kutegeera bulungi ekikyamu. Ekiyinza okuzingiramu amaanyi agajja nga guziyiza oba nga gukweka mu ngeri enneekusifu. Mu luguudo, era ne mu kibinja ekingi ekikolebwakoba nga ky'omumenyi w'amateeka, omusirikale alina okukebera enneeyisa ya buli muntu mu kifo eky'okuyita ebikolebwa abantu abatono mu kibiina kyonna.

Okutendekebwa mu by’Etteeka ku Bulombolombo Obumu

Enkola ezifuga ebibiina ebitali bimu zibadde nsonga ya kusoomooza kwa mateeka n'okulongoosezaamu enkola z'amateeka:

  • [[Akabonero:0] Obutundutundu obukozesebwa mu kuyiwa ttayi (mu puli): Olusenyi olw'okuna lugamba nti okukozesa obusimu obw'omumumumu nga tebubulabula oba nga weewala abantu abatali bakambwe kiyinza okukolamu amaanyi agasingako. Ebitongole bingi kati byetaaga abakungu okulabula ku bigambo n'okuwa abawabuzi ekiseera ekimala okubunyisa.
  • [[OBULUNGI]] Eby'okulwanyisa ebikozesebwa mu kusengeka amasasi oba mu kuyiwa amasasi: Kkooti zisanze nti okussaako obusawo obw'omusokero nga bussa essira ku mutwe oba ku mukutu gwa torso, kiyamba omuntu okufuna ebiyinza okuvaamu ebisago eby'amaanyi era kiyinza okumenya omutindo ogw'ebiruubirirwa ebyangu okutegeera. Ebisinga obukulu kwe kusalawo ku mikono egya wansi n'okubukozesa mu ngeri endala ey'obulabe bwe bukkirizibwa.
  • '[[Act:0] ebiragiro ebifulumya ebigoberera enkola eno biteekwa okulagibwa obulungi, okuwulira obulungi, era n'okussaawo ekiseera ekituufu eky'okubunyisa. Okukwatibwa okulemererwa okusaasaana kiyinza okuleetera buli muntu okuwulira ekiragiro n'okugaana okukolera ku kiragiro ekyo nga tasoose kutegeera nsonga y'amaanyi.
  • [[FLT]][FOLT:1] Akakodyo kano kakugira abantu okuva mu kitundu ne babaako abantu abangi abakifunamu. Kkooti nga Ninth estor mu ACLU of Nevada v. Ekibuga kya Las Vegas[[FLT]] [2020]) kalina endowooza nti okukiteeka mu kifo ekimu nga tewali kyekennemesezza kimenya amateeka agakwata ku by'okyusa obwana ate nga kiremya ekiragiro ne ekkubo ne bye birembe.

Ebitongole bya poliisi bingi eby'omu gavumenti biwa obulagirizi ku ngeri y'okweyongerayo, nga kyetaagisa abapoliisi okugezaako okukendeeza ku kabi n'okugolola akatyabaga okusobola okugobererwa nga tewannabaawo kukozesebwa ku magye. Abakulembeze bwe bakozesebwa, amateeka ga gavumenti gawa ekiragiro eky'okuwa alipoota ez'enjawulo era n'okujjanjaba buli omu aba atuusiddwako ebisago.

Emitindo gy’Empisa egy’Omu Mateeka Giyamba mu Kukwatibwa n’Okwerabira Ebintu Ebibaawo

Abasirikale bateekwa okukwatibwa mu kifo kimu ku birala by'amateeka nga baddukanya ebbeeyi y'ekibiina ky'abantu ekitambula.

Ensonga Eziba Ezikwata ku Kinnoomu

Singa omusirikale akwatibwa mu mateeka, kiyinzika okuba nga alina ensonga kwe kisinziira okukkiriza nti omuntu omu kennyini ye yazza omusango. Okukwatibwa kwa misa kwa D.C. Awali ebibiina byonna kubanga byaliwo mu kiseera ky'akabenje.[1] Kyesesadell ne '. Mu kkooti nga tewaaliwo kkooti, mu kifo kyazo, abasirikale bateekwa okuzuula oyo eyamenya amateeka, oba awadde obujulizi, oba obujulizi obulala bwonna obw'ekitongole. D.C. Ababuulizi baatwala nti okusiba abantu bonna mu kifo we baasamba obukyasimu obukyasimu obwo, baamenya amateeka olw'omusingi ogumu olw'okumenya amateeka.

Terry Stoms ne Pat-Down mu Kibiina

Okunoonyereza kukkirizibwa mu mpandika eza bulijjo wansi wa Terry v. Ohio kikkirizibwa singa omukungu ateebereza nti ebikolwa eby'obumenyi bw'amateeka bikolebwako amaguru. Kyokka, okusoomooza ku kibiina kyonna eky'omukika kya Tetranikibwa. Ekyasooka, mu Brown v v. Ekibuga kya New York (2015), kkooti yakkiriza nti ekikolwa ky'ekibuga “kiyimirira ne frisk” kikozesa enkola ey'okuteebereza ku bantu kinnoomu obutakkirizibwa. Mu nzigiro ez'enjawulo, polimu zisobola okutuukirira abantu abeeyambisibwa ku kyekwese kye oba okukikweka ekintu ekikolebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Wabula, obutongole kiyinza okutunuulira abantu abeeyambisibwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo nga banna bayimbi.

Ebyandiikiddwa n’Okukuuma Ennyimba

Eggwanga lirina okulayira obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukuuma ebbeeyi nga buli kiseera kitegekebwa ekibiina. Kino kizingiramu okusituka, okunoonya, n'ekivaamu (okuteeka oba okusiiga alipoota ku kitongole). Bwe kitakuuma lipoota ng'ezo, kiyinza okuviirako obuzibu mu kkooti z'abantu. Okugatta ku ekyo, kamera ez'ebitongole birina okukolebwa mu kiseera abantu we baabeererana okuyimirira, ne bwe wabaawo enkyuuka z'okunoonyereza, era ne bwe wabaawo ebimenyesebwa (okuteeka obuwandiko, okuzibwa n'okusiikuzibwa, oba okukwatibwa, amateeka agamu ga gavumenti galagira nti kamera zisigala nga zikozesebwa mu ngeri yonna ey'amaanyi oba ey'okukwatibwa.

Engeri Ezikwata ku Kusalawo Okukwata ku Zzaabu ez’Omu Mateeka

Abapoliisi bwe basukka ekkomo eriri ku mateeka mu kiseera eky’okufuga ekibiina, waliwo engeri nnyingi ezizingiramu okukangavvula okw’omunda, abalabirizi abafuga gavumenti, okuvunaanibwa obutuuze wansi w'omwaka ogwa 42 U.S.C. nga waakayita emyaka nga 421903, n’okuvunaanibwa mu kkooti.

Ebyafaayo by’Abagwira n’Okwejjukanya Okuddukanya Obukulembeze

Kyokka, okusobola okukebera ebifa ku gavumenti, emirundi mingi, kiba kyesigamye ku mbeera z'obuwangwa n'okulabira ku bantu. Oluvannyuma lw'ebibamba ebikontana n'obuyinza bw'ekibiina, gavumenti ezimu zikoze obukiiko obusobola okwejjukanya ku bantu aba bulijjo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, akakiiko akayitibwa Colorado’s Peace Service Arective and Training kasobola okusazaamu oba okusiiga amapepa ga bannakyewa b'abakulembeze abamenya amateeka nga bat'amenya amateeka oba omulimu.

Amateeka Agakwata ku Ddembe ly’Obuntu Gali Wansi mu 1983

Ekiyinza okugonjoolebwawo gavumenti singa teyekkiriranya obutongole bwa poliisi 42 U.S.C.193. Abakosebwa amaanyi, oba okwesasuza olw'okukozesa eddembe eritali lya mu mateeka, bayinza okuvunaana abakungu ba gavumenti mu busobozi bwabwe. Kyokka, enjigiriza ekwata ku abo abalina ebisaanyizo eby'okukuuma ebboozi singa temenyawo “enkola eyategekebwa oba eddembe lya gavumenti.” Abantu abannyiize, kino kitegeeza nti singa kkooti tevumirira obukoddibwako obukodyo obw'okusasula ebbeeyi y'omutemu. Era, abagoba baleme okugaana abakungu bannaggyibwa amateeka nga 201 ag'okugoba obukujjuzi. Abakuutivugibwa bawakanya enkola eno mu mateeka, nga bagambye nti abakungu bakuuma okusala ensala z'okwekutungo.

Engeri y’Okunoonyereza n’Engeri y’Okunoonyerezaamu

Ekitongole kya Amereka eky'Eddembe kiyinza okunoonyereza ku bibiina bya poliisi ebya gavumenti okusobola okufuna “ekyokulabirako oba okukola nga” eky'okumenya amateeka wansi w'omutemu oguyitibwa Faldo Crime Control and Law Enkorcement Act eya 1994. Ebyokulabirako ebyakayita bizingiramu okunoonyereza mu Kitongole kya Poliisi eky'e Minneapolis oluvannyuma lw'okutemulwa kwa George Floyd era ne mu kiwandiikibwa Louisville Metro Police oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Breonna Taylory.

Obukyamu bw’Omumenyi w’Amateeka

Ng'ekyokulabirako, omusirikale ayiwa omuliro mu kibinja nga tewaliwo kintu kyonna ekiyinza okukiteeka mu kabi. Okusobola okutongoza omusango, omusirikale kiyinza okuzingiramu okulaga obulabe obw'amaanyi bw'omusirikale bw'omuzira nga alina ekigendererwa eky'okugukwata, naddala singa wabaawo akasasiro ak'amaanyi akayinza okuleetawo akabonero.

Okutendeka Abapoliisi n’Okuwa Obulagirizi

Okusobola okutuukana n’amateeka, abapoliisi bafunye obuyigirize bungi era bakolera ku nkola za poliisi ezitali zimu.

Okutendekebwa Okusobola Okudduukirira Abantu n’Embeera Enzibu

Eggwanga lirina abakungu abatendeke mu bukodyo obw'okukubisaamu obukugu nga tebannatandika kufuga bitiike. Kino kizingiramu okutegeeza abantu ebigambo, obukodyo obw'ekiseera n'obukodyo, n'okumanya enneeyisa y'abantu bwe kiba kyetaagisa okuyimirira obukulembedde mu kifo eky'okugiggula. Amawanga mangi gasaasaanyiza enkola ey'okuteekawo enkola ey'okuteekawo enkola eggula abakungu bafu mu bitundu bya gavumenti gye basinziira okusaasaanya. Era okutendeka ku mateeka okusobozesa abakungu okusaasaanya ebiwaawaanyi, n'okusiibya ensa z'omubiri okusala ku nkola enkola.

Okulongoosa mu Ngeri y’Amateeka n’Essaawa Ebiri mu Ssanduuko

Kubanga abantu bangi bafuga amateeka nga bakyusa obukujjukujju emirundi mingi nga badviso akawayiro akategese ne kafuuka basomi ba mateeka. Ebiragiro eby'omutindo ebisimbye ebiwandiiko nga bikoppa enkola ey'okwekalakaanya okw'amaanyi okusobola okuleetera abaami okufuna ebiragiro ebiyinza okusiiga obukwasiddwa abantu kinnoomu, okumenya amateeka, n'okulondamu akawayiro ak'amaanyi. Okukola bino era binyweza omulimu okuyingira mu mateeka mu bitundu nga Minnesota ne California, kati kyetaagisa abakungu okuziyiza mukozi okuleka obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okusiikiriza abantu, ekiragiro ekiyamba okusobola okuggya bannanyinyinyinyi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuleetera okupikirizibwa okuva mu nkola ey'ekikulaakula.

Okwenyigira mu kaweefube n’Okulaga Obusobozi bw’Ebikolwa

Okukuba obukujjukujju ku nkola za gavumenti ezifuga enkola z'abantu ku Internet era n'okuteekawo enkuŋŋaana n'abategesi nga tezinnaggwa kiyinza kukendeeza ku kabi akayinza okuvaamu. Okutunula ku mateeka nga "" nga kuno kwe kugamba, ababakigye bannakyewa we bakkirizibwa okukuŋŋaanya, nga baawula ebiragiro, era nga n'ebyokulwanyisa ebiwerebwa nga ttalanta biba bisobola okukozesebwa.[1] Abatuuze abamu bawa bujulizi bulaga nti amateeka gaamenyeddwa mu kkooti. Ebitongole bya poliisi ebimu bitaddewo obutundu obutendeke obusobola okujjuuliriza ebiva mu bibiina ebikolebwa abantu era n'okusemba enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'ekibiina.

Ebibaddewo Gye buvuddeko awo n’Etteeka ly’Omulambo

Olw’okuba mu 2020 abantu baasala emisango mu langi, kkooti nnyingi zaakakasibwa okusala emisango mu kkooti okunnyonnyolera ddala eddembe ery’okuna ery’okuyisa Ekitongole Ekiramuzi mu nsonga ez’enjawulo.

Mu ACLU ow'e Oregon v. Ekibuga ky'e Portland (2021), ekibiina kya Ninth Ekitundu kyagamba nti abakuumi b'amateeka baayuusa empewo era ne babaako kye baayisa mu ngeri ey'emirembe, baamenya amateeka agasooka n'egy'okutaano. Kkooti yakiraba nti gavumenti teyinza “kulwanyisa bantu awatali kubuusabuusa olw'okuba bali mu kibiina ekibaamu abantu abatonotono abatagondera mateeka." Ekiragiro kino kyawanjulwa ku kkooti z'amateeka okusobola okugonjoola ebibakwata ku bapoliisi mu bibiina ebiva mu bantu.

Mu MAxell v. Olusenyi lwa San [202], kkooti ya California ey'oku Alipoota yasalawo nti abaami abaakozesa enkola eno “baayisa bubi” bakwata omusambayi eyatuula ku luggi naye nga taleme kukwatibwa, baamenya ekiragiro kya gavumenti kukugira kirengo kya carotid ne ku maanyi agasingako. Ekiragiro kiraga nti ne bwe kiba kyakugirwa ne ku sipiidi ey'amaanyi tekiremesa kufuga ngeri ez'obuzibu okuggyako nga waliwo akako akabenje.

Eggwanga ezimu ziwa obulagirizi obukugira okufuga ekibiina ky'abantu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka SB20-217 erya Colorado ligaana abakungu okukozesa gaayi eya kaweefube, ppeere, ne kineti, okuggyako nga nnyini kyo abawa b'obuyinza abawagidde okukozesa enkola eyo era nga bamaze okuweebwa ekiragiro eky'okusaasaanya n'okuteekawo ekiseera ekimala. Amateeka ga Colorado era gagaana abakungu okukozesa enkola ey'okuva mu bifo ebya bulijjo okusobola okusaanyawo ebibamba ebiba bizibi.

Ku ebyo ebibaddewo ebirala eby'enkukunala bitwaliramu okukolebwa kw'obukiiko obw'enjawulo obukola ng'obwo obuyitibwa New York State Attorney General’s Office of Special Investigation, obubaddewo nga nnawookeera w'abatabaganya abafa. Ekitongole kya U.S. era kirangidde okulangirira obulagirizi obupya ku ngeri y'okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa ebitono, nga kiggumiza nti okubikola kwabwe kulina okukozesebwa mu ngeri ey'amaanyi ekwetaagisa okutaasa obutuufu.

fundikira

Poliisi y'e gavumenti efuga ebibiina mu ngeri enneekusifu mu nsonga enkulu, era nga y'amateeka agafuga. Empeereze eyasooka n'ey'okuna essaawo ekkomo erituufu: poliisi eteekwa okussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly'okukuŋŋaana, buli muntu yenna k'alina okuyimirira oba okukwatibwa olw'obuteekekwa, era eteekwa okukozesa amaanyi gokka ageeteeberezebwa mu mbeera. Okuvunaana mu mateeka ku nsonga.[1] Okunoonyereza mu nsonga z'amateeka, okuwozesebwa, n'okusibawo emisango ku ku ku kutulugunya, wadde ng'ekkubo erina okusoomooza abantu bangi okukimu. Ebibiina n'emitindo gy'amateeka bwe byeyongera okubuukanya, okubunyigiriza, okutendeka, n'okulabirira mu mbeera ennumenti ezoozirwamu, bijja kuba bya mugaso okukakasa nti gavumenti esobola okukuuma obutebebwa mu lujjudde mu ggwanga singa tegya ku ku ku nkola ya demokulasenti ya Amerika ennyonnyola mu nkola ya demokulase.