Endowooza Akabi Ekwata ku Kuwuliriza Etteeka erikwata ku Kusalawo n’Okukyusa Obulamu bw’Abantu

Okuwulira kw'empewo y'ensi yonna kubadde nkola ya maanyi nnyo mu kufuuka obwetwaze bwa Amerika. Kaweefube ono wateekebwawo enkola y'okukyusa amateeka, abakungu b'ebitongole, abakulembeze ba makolero, abakugu mu by'enjigiriza, n'abakkirizi b'amateeka, okwekenneenya amaanyi n'obunafu bw'amateeka agakolebwawo. Okuyitira mu bujulizi, okuteesa, n'obuwagizi obw'abantu, empeefube ez'eby'obufuzi zireeta obujulizi n'amaanyi ageetaagisa okuvvuunula enkola y'eby'enkola mu by'obutongole. Mu myaka egiyise, abawuliriza babadde bataddewo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo mu nkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola ya gavumenti. Mu 1952, enkyukakyuka ezikoleddwa mu by'enyimbalo ezikoleddwa mu ku kiwandiiko kya Leany-Smith America Invent Act mu 2011 ne mu ku kugezesa lya bannanti y'enkola mu ku ku ku kukulaakulana y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola za gavumenti, ez'enkola ne mu kuvugano.

Ekintu eky'Essanduuko y’Amateeka n’Entegeka

Obuyinza bw'ekibiina kya kakiiko akassaawo amateeka agagiteeka mu nkola. Ekigaba kya 8 ku mateeka ga U.S., ekiwa kakiiko akategeka akakiiko "kakoleezeewo enkulaakulana ya Sayansi era n'obuyinja obw'omuganyulo, nga kateeka mu biseera ebitono ebiwandiikiddwa mu kuba Abawandiisi era nga kalonda nti kalina okukkiriza okw'enkomeredde ku Bugwanaana ku Bawandiikivugizi n'Okutegeera ebibakwatako. Mu lukiiko lwa gavumenti, akakiiko ka Judiaudia kikwata okumanya okw'enjawulo okusobola okukozesa obuyinza buno. Emirimu emitwe gino gifugibwa amateeka g'ekisenge ekimu eky'ekitongole eky'omusembe, era nga kitwaliramu obukwasibe kya Internet, entebe z'obukulembeze bw'Akaluuzi kitwala mu kifo kya Gamaca; obukulembeze mu Ntebe y'essa mu Ntebe y'essawo, Judiateebukulembeze ku n'ebukiiko, Internet, era ne ku nkola y'ekitongole efaanana nga eyo.

Okuwuliriza kuyinza okuba okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku nkola y'amateeka, okulabirira (okusobola okwekenneenya etteeka liriwo), okunoonyereza (okunoonyereza ku nsonga eziba zikkiriziddwa), oba okusemba (ya kitongole ekitongole ekinnakikakasibwa). Mu nkola ez'okussaawo obulabirizi, okuwulirira, okuwulirira. Baleka obukiiko okuyita Omulabirizi wa U.S. Patennt ne Tracmark Office (USPTO), abalamuzi ab'obuyinza, bannabizineesi, abatunzi ba sseminyi, ne abasuubuzi b'okugula ebintu okuwa abajulizi b'amasaze.

Enkusu Ebiri mu Matu

Olukalala lw’Emitindo gya Kika Kyaffe Oluyitibwa Patenstent Act n’Okusendebwasendebwa

Ekimu ku ebyo ebyasooka okusalirwa obukwasi mu kuwuliriza okwabangawo mu 1940 ne mu matandika ga 1950, Congress bwe yatwala ek'okuba nga n'obusobozi obwali busingawo. Ekyavaamu 1952 Patant Act kyatandikawo enkola ey'okubeerawo nga mw'etwalirwa, nga mw'otwalidde n'etteeka eri'enkyukakyuka mu byafaayo ebya bulijjo (35.S.C. 76). Okuwulira mu maaso g'akakiiko k' House Judicary kwalaga obujulizi obwava mu kuba bannamateeka abatongozi, ebitongole ebikolerwako, n'asomesa abawakanya nti omusango ogwasooka gukyajjulukuusibwa mu n'ebyo ebisobozesa okumanyibwa mu kumanyisibwa mu nnukuta, naddala "Gram" olw'ensonga ezitegeerekeka obulungi. Nga tewali bulagirizi obw'okuwulira, enkiiko enkiiko teziganya ziresemba ku k'amateeka 1952.

Emyaka gya 1980: Okuzaalibwa kwa Kkooti y’Omu Kiseera Kyaffe Eyitibwa Patenst (Ekiwandiiko eky’Obulamu) n’Ekya Biotech

Omutendera omulala ogw'okuwuliriza gwakolebwa mu matandika ga 1980, Consert bwe yeebuuza ku kukolebwa kwa Kkooti y'Akakiiko k'Akakiiko k'Amerika ey'Okubudaabuda Obufumbo. Ekitongole ekifuga zzaabu, ekyateekebwawo olukiiko olukulu olw'okuwuliriza, kyagatta ebigambo byonna ebijulizibwa mu kkooti emu okugatta awamu amateeka agaamu. Okuwuliriza mu maaso ga kkooti y'ebitongole enzikkiriza okukolebwa ku kkooti y'ekissesseemu mu ttuuti, Court Libertées, Courtmentes, and Administration of Justicements, ne Orcumentation of Justicemental, byagatta obujulizi okuva eri abalamuzi n'abawi wa b'abafuzi ab'ebitongole ebitongole ebikola mu matendekero, ebikkero ebikkiriziddwa mu bifo ebya waggulu mu matendekero n'ebyentu ebitono ebiva mu ku n'ebyuma bya yunizimu ebitongole ebyamanyibwa mu maggyamateeka.

Ekikolwa eky’Okukyusa Edda mu Buweereza mu Amerika 2011: Enkyukakyuka Esinga Obunene mu Mulembe

Tewali mateeka ga nukuta ga nkozesa ya biwandiiko ng'ebyo ag'okuwuliriza gaakolebwako nnyo nga Leyaýtós Smith America Invents Act (AA) eyaggulwawo mu mateeka mu 2011. Wakati wa 2005 ne 2010, Consert yayisa bubi nnyo ab'obuyinza ku nsonga ezitali zimu okuva ku ntuufu n'obutuufu obw'okukwata amateeka. Amampuliziro gaamanyibwa nga engeri za tekinologiya. Abakiikirira enkola ya bya tekinologiya ya maanyi nga Roogle, Microsofts, ne Intel(*) baakakasa nti enkola y'obusokeseti bw'eggwanga yalimuseesitemu n'ennyonnyonyi ennungi ennyo. Enzigno y'enkola za tekinologiyamu za kibiina kya U.

Mu nkomerero, okuwuliziganya kwaleetawo enkola ez'enjawulo ezaalimu enteekateeka zino enkulu: okuva ku ttutumu erya projective to productive system esooka. Okukolebwa kwa enkola ez'okulambula ebifa ku bayiti nga bayiti nga bayiti nga bayiti (IPR) ne bannyonnyola enkola za bizineesi (CBM); era n'enkyukakyuka mu kuziyiza eddembe lya munnaazo mu biseera bya SS. Akakiiko akakola ku yudiast projective progres projective progrees projectives 2011, akategeezebwa n'obujulizi n'obuwagizi bwa gavumenti, kakyajulizibwa mu ku k'obujulizi, naddala ku bikwata ku ngeri ez'obukoddisimu. Olukiiko olwo olukulu lwa Aluuzi olukubiriza okuvvuunula enk'ensonga y'engeri y'okuwuliriza gye luyinza okubukyusa mu bulambulula ekiwandiiko. [FFFoctive:]

Emitwe Egikulu mu Kuwulira kw’Omutwe gw’Ow’Oluganda

Wadde ng’ebyuma n’amakolero byajjawo byokka, ebintu bye banoonyerezaako bye bisinga okukubagana.

  • Asterentid Emperective (PAES) ne Litigation Abululu: Okuwulira kw'abantu okw'eddabukkulu okuva mu 2012 kweyongedde ku b'ekibiina ekifuna enkyuka ez'okusiba oba ez'okutiisatiisa. Abajulirwa bawadde ebikwata ku ngeri z'okusiba emisango okuva nga 500 mu 2006 okutuuka ku 4,000 mu 2015. Ebbeetongooza y'okuyimba y'ebiwoowoowoob'ebiragiro bya Innovation Act (2013, 2015, 2017,20) ne ku mitindo egyeyanjula mu Bukiiko bwa Civiccul 84(b). Okunoonyereza okw'omu USTO era ne kukolebwa mu kubaako eky'okunoonyereza okwanukkuddamu obutuufu.
  • [[NTL:0] Paent Seader and Examic: Omutwe ogufuga obunene obwa bulijjo ye bulungi bw'abo abagifuna. Abawuliriza bekeberezza engeri y'okunoonyerezamu n'obusobozi bw'obutonzi obw'okubutuukirizaamu, n'okutendeka okw'obukessi eby'okukebera ebizitookebwa mu maaso. Mu 2019, Omukulembeze w'obudde obwa USSP yawanjula engeri y'okukeberaamu mu nkozesa ebiwandiiko bya kompyuta.[FFF][FF]
  • [FLTRAURAY] ne TTRANS: Okutumbuka kwa programu okuleetawo obutakkaanya, ne kikomekkereza ebyo ebyasalibwa Kooti enkulu Alicee v. CLS Bank[[[[FLL:3]] (2020] ne [[FLT]]]] Mayo v. Promeus[]]2020:2]. Congressionations mu ntandikwa ya 2010 zabaamu enkambiso ku obanga endowooza enfunze ezaa mu kompyuta ziteekwa okumanyibwa. Wadde nga [[FLT]] [[FLT]]]] [octive]]] blogirocustoosa y'ensonga ez'ebigibwa obusengekesaamu ebimanyibwa, okumanyibwa obulungi obutuufu bw'okuwulira ebiwandiddwa mu lupapula lw'awula olumanyidwa olumanyidwa olumu olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olugamba olupya
  • Acts ne HatchäWaxman Reformations:[ Enkola ey'enjawulo ey'ebilango n'ey'ebifaananyi bya biloogitic biologyology by'obityongereza ku mitwe. Akabonero aka Hatchpaganda aka 1984 kaayamba mu kunoonyereza okusobola okuggyamu enjaga enva ennukuta entono ennyo. Empuliziganya ezo eza kannengula enkola ya digiti enjjulufu mu ngeri eyo zekereremu. Empulizi za kak'ekenneenya ennyirinziganya wakati w'okugatta ebikongo, n'amateeka agavanyuma.
  • Enternational Infectation: Kampuni ez'Amerika bwe ziddukanya ebizitowa mu nsi yonna, okuwulira kukeberedde enjawulo eriwo wakati w'amateeka agatongodde mu Amerika ne European Paten Convention, Paten Cooperation, ne emitindo gy'enkola egyateebwa n'egy'ebiwandiiko bya World Trade TRIPS Aption. Obujulizi okuva ku USSPTO ne U.S Traclamment buleetera okuk'okussaawo emitindo egiva mu n'ebyabukwataganya ne U.S.
  • [[NTL:0] Empandika ez'enjawulo ez'ekika n'ezo `FLT': mu myaka ekkumi egiyise, abawuliriza bagonjoole obukakali obuli wakati w'obukwanguzi obwa bulijjo n'obwenkanya, obuteekubisibwa, ate obutali bwa bwenkanya, ate emirundi egiwerako, obutali bwa nnukuta eziraga empanvu. Abawagizi baaweezza ebibuuzo obanga abakiikibwa banoonya ebiragiro ebigaana abawandikiro abawa omulimu okusasula ebiwandiiko. Okuwuliriza tekwate amateeka naye ku kibiina kya Kkolanga ku nkola y'ensonga ezikwata ku nkola y'ekitongole ekirabirira omulimu n'okugaba ebikolebwa mu buddengo.

Engeri Emizingo gye Gikyusibwamu mu Buwandiike

Okusazaamu Enkola ey’Okukyusa Amateeka n’Okugakyusa

Hearings typically occur in the earliest stages of the legislative process. After a bill is introduced, the committee chair holds one or more hearings to gather feedback. Witness lists are carefully balanced to include stakeholders from industry, academia, consumer groups, and government. The written testimony and question‑and‑answer session become part oflipoota egendera ku kiwandiiko kino etegeeza nti essomero eryo bwe liba litumiddwa mu kisenge eky'egguka. Alipoota eno nnene nnyo kubanga oluusi kkooti zeesigama ku limu bwe zitataputa lulimi olutategeerekeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, akakiiko kannyonnyola bulungi olubuya olw'olulimi olw'ekika kya AII kategeeza nti ekigendererwa kya "kukyusa mu nkalala y'enkola eya bulijjo mu nkalala y'eyo era n'okuteekawo olusooka mu nkola eya 'Older.' kwe kugamba nti, enkola eya bulijjo, ekola bulungi, era nti teyazimba ssente n'eyo enzijjuvu mu lukiiko lwa disiturity.

Okukebereza ku Bye Tuwulira

Ne bwe kiba nti tewakyaliwo biwandiiko bipya ebinaasalirwawo, okuwozesebwa kw'abalamuzi kukkiriza ba Congress okuwaliriza abalabirizi okunnyonnyola enkola zaabwe era n'okulaga ebizibu ebiyinza okwetaagisa amateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2020 ne 2021, akakiiko k'Eddwaliro k' House Judiary Coumeteedeedeetwary kaatwala obulabirizi ku ngeri y'okuddukanya ebya badayiresi mu PTAB bye baasalawo. Obujulizi bw'abalamuzi ab'edda n'abalamuzi bwalaga nti Empandika y'obusosoze ya USSPTO efuuse ensibuko y'amateeka amapya. Abo abawuliriza baakubirizibwa okuyingiza ebikwakulibwa mu ne [FFFFFFF] Tergigigigist ['ebukkusobozesa okuyingiza mu mateeka amapya] okumanyisawo.

Obuyigirize bwa Abantu n’Okukyusa Eddaala ly’Abagwira

Omulimu ogutali gweyoleka butereevu naye nga gukulu nnyo ogw'okusomesa abantu guli okuyigiriza era n'okukyusa enkola ez'enjawulo ezikkirizibwa. Emboozi z'eby'amakutu bwe bitwala obubaka obusaasaanyizibwa nga biwulira [1] nga 2013 ebitundu ebya bannabizineesi abatonotono abaasabibwa okukozesa ebizito okusobola okuggyamu obutoogoosa obunene ↑theshelf scans. Obusobozi obwo busobola okuleetawo embeera y'eby'obufuzi mu kifo nga tesuubirwa kukyusaamu, nga ebbeetaasa oba ebwerumya kw'obwegataabwo obwannannyini, bufuuka bwa nteere. Ekibiina kya US Inventor kikozesezza ebizitookereza ebizitoosa okubuteeka mu kaweefube, ate nga n'ebyaweefube w'omulimu kino kisobozesa abantu okufuna obulangi obw'ebiragiro ebirala ebiba birebwa mu lukugunyuma.

Okunoonyereza ku Kiwandiiko: Olutalo ku Patant Fee Setget

Ekimu ku ebyo ebyasikirizibwa ennyo okusobola okussaawo ensawo eya bulijjo kwe kukola nga 35 U.S.C. nga 42, e UPTO ebadde n'obuyinza okussaawo era n'okukyusa ebisale by'ebiwandiiko, nga bigoberera enkola y'obukulembeze. Mu mwaka 2012 ne 2013, UPTO yawa olukalala lw'ensalo oluzingiramu okuteeka mu kunoonyereza, okukendeeza enzivuunula ku byetaago n'ebyo ebiyinza okukolebwa, okukendeeza obukkirizo obwa bulijjo. Abayiiya bannasayansi n'abayiiyaiyaiyama baakyewa baakyewawawawawawawawawawawawa nti ekiteetegesebwa kiyinza okubonereza abo abalina eby'obugagga ebitonotono naye ne kisobozesa okukolebwa n'enkyukakyuka empya. Kino kyakakasa nti, ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekiwandiikiddwa mu bungi obwa bulijjo kya AUC, kyava ku nkola y'okusobozesa okufuna obuyambi bw'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'okusasula mukimaliririmu.

Obukodyo n’Okuvumirira Emirimu gy’Okuwulira

Wadde ng'amatu gakoze bulungi nnyo, abo abanoonyereza ku nsonga bagamba nti wayinza okubaawo ensobi nnya. Okusooka, kalenda etegeeza nti ebintu eby'enjawulo, gamba nga, eby'obutoogo, ebiyinza obwetaavu obusukka mu 90. Ekyokubiri, okulonda n'obutebe bw'ebiwandiiko bisobola okubeera nga bitegekeddwa bulungi. Obutebe bw'eb'eb'akakiiko oluusi bukola ekiteeso, era ne kikendeeza ku ngeri amagezi agaago ageeteeyambisibwa abagezi gye basobola okugonjoolamu ensonga. Ekyokusatu, okukendeeza ku ngeri gye basalawo ku nsonga. Wadde nga waliwo ekiwandiiko ekigamba nti, ssente nnyingi ziva mu makyava mu makyasiikirirwa oluvannyuma lw'olukuŋŋaana olumu. Eky'okugobengo olw'okuwulira olupya wakati w'olusozi oluyitibwa Capitol, UPTO, ne kabuvuunika amakolero gayinza okusobozesa okuziganya ekisenge eky'enkolamu.

Okwongera: Enjigiriza ey’Ekibiina Ekyeyongera Okubaawo ng’Ekkanisa Ewuliriza

Ekiragiro eky'okuwuliriza kiwa obukakafu obulaga nti okuteesa okwo kuyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri ekkirizibwa. Okuva mu 1952 Act to AIA ne mpaka zino eziwakana ku SEP, enkola ez'amalagala, n'okubukwataganya n'obuteesiteesi eby'okubutegeera, bye bikola ng'ekirabo eky'amaanyi wakati w'obumanyirivu n'okusalawo kwa demokulase. Biwandikiddwa nga ekifo eky'okuleetawo endowooza ez'enjawulo wakati w'obumanyirinzi n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu bya demokulase. Biwandikiro ebyo bisobola okumanyisa enjawulo wakati w'obusosozesana obumanyibwa mu by'eby'eby'enfuna, era ne mu biba nga ebiremeredde mu ngeri y'okugo ezisingako: era ne mu bungi bw'ebbonobonobo obuva mu nsi yonna bwe busobola okuzza obutundutundu obulala obutuufu bw'amateeka obwa United States. Obujuli bwa fayiro obubadde businziira ku ku ku ku ku ku kugigigigigigiginnyonnyola mu n'ekitabo ekitongole ky'enkulembe.