Okutegeera Obuyinza bw’Okufuna

Emusingi ogw'okwawula ab'obuyinza gusibuka ku nkola ya mateeka, etegekebwa okugaba obuyinza mu matabi ga gavumenti. Enkola eno eziyiza ekintu kyonna okusobola okugatta amaanyi, bwe kityo ekuuma eddembe ly'abantu era n'okukakasa nti gavumenti ekolera mu nsalo z'amateeka. Enjigiriza eno eyoleka amagezi gaayo mu bufirosoofo obwa bulijjo naye yamanyibwa bulungi mu kiseera ky'Ekizikiza, naddala olw'omufalansa alowooza Montesquieue. Okwawukanya kw'obuyinza ku bw'ensi eno, kusobozesa empandika y'obuyinza okuteekawo enkola y'enkola eyo, era amatabi g'eby'esala omusango buli omu ne galina obuvunaanyizibwa bwago mu ngeri y'obusobozi n'okukeberamu n'obusobozi bw'amatabi amalala amangi agamanyibwa mu nsi yonna. Environsenti eno terimu nkola ya maanyi gateefaananyese enkola; eno erigo wakati w'enkola y'enkola za gavumenti za Bugirimaani nnyingi mu Bugirimaani ez'omulembedde mu Bumeriyo mu Bumeriika ne mu Bumeriniya.

Amatabi Gasatu ga Gavumenti

Ku mutendera gwayo ogusinga obukulu, amaanyi gaawula gavumenti mu bipande bisatu eby'enjawulo: akulira, assaawo amateeka, era ne lamuzi. Buli ttabi lirina omulimu omukulu mu nkola y'eggwanga, era abakozi ku buli ttabi balondebwa mu nkola ez'enjawulo okukakasa nti embeera zigonjooleddwa era nti obwesigwa bwaalyo bwa njawulo.

  • [[NKULULA] Ettabi eririna okulondebwa: Livunaanibwa okulaba oba okuyisa amateeka agaayisibwa sooti. Mu nkola za prezidenti nga United States, ettabi lino likulemberwa pulezidenti alondebwa ku bwa seminalimu. Omukulembeze era alabirira ekibiina kya gavumenti, akulembera enkola za gavumenti ezitali za ggwanga, era akola ng'omuduumizi wa magye. obuvunaanyizibwa bw'afuga bugaziyizza nnyo ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, naddala mu bitundu eby'eggwanga ebitegekebwa obutereezebwa n'okugo.
  • [[Act:0] Ekirala eky'omukitundu: Obuvunaanyizibwa mu kukola emirimu gy'amakompuku, okukuba ebiwayirizibwa, n'okuteekawo amateeka. Mu sistemu za bimeyal()() ze zikola nga akakiiko aka Kkomyunizimu ak'omu Amerika, akaateekebwawo olukiiko olukulu olw'abakwasisa abakwasiddwa empaka(*). ettabi lifuga obuyinza okukakasiza obusangwa bwa kampuni, okukikozesa n'okusasula emisolo. Era lirina obuyinza okusemba ebitongole ebizikwata ku bannaazo, era ne bannaaweefube okuggyawo abakungu abafuga oba abalamuzi.
  • [[NKULULA] ettabi lya Judicial :[[FULT:1] Limala okutaputa amateeka era ne kikakasa nti gakola mu ngeri yennyini. Ekiragiro kya lamuzi kikola ku mateeka era ne ku nkola z'obukulu mu nkola emanyiddwa nga enneekenneenya. Eb'obuyinza obwo businziira ku kkooti enkulu oba kooti endala bbiri ze zikola ku bwabwe. Abalamuzi balondebwa okusobola okugoosaamu amateeka oba okugagooza obulamu bwabwe.

Enzijuvu n’Empisa Ennungi

Enkola z'okukebera n'okukakasa ebipimo by'empandika ze nkola eziyinza okukoma ku buyinza bw'amatabi amalala. Enkola zino ziziyiza amatabi agamu okufuga gavumenti. Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa akakiiko akafuzi kateekawo amateeka, omukwanaganya ayinza okussaawo amateeka, era ne kasawo ka gujjamu kayinza okukuba amateeka agamenya amateeka agamenya amateeka. Mu ngeri y'enjawulo, olukiiko olugongoolo kayinza okugufuga ne lusalawo n'omulembeko n'omulembeko agukola empewo n'omulembe. [FF] Ekiragiro kya gavumenti kiyinza okukaka n'okusobozesa abalamuzi okukyusiza abalamuzi okukkirizisa amateeka ago. [F1] ate nga mu kiyinza okuteekawo amateeka ga gavumenti. Amasaza ga gavumenti ga gavumenti ga gavumenti z'ensimu ga gavumenti z'ensimu, gayinza okuteekawo obuyinza okulonda obuyinza okukyusiza obunene. [F3][10]

Emirandira gy’Ebyafaayo

Endowooza nti obuyinza bwa gavumenti bwalina okweyawulamu era ne bukomako teyasibuka mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana. Abafaananyi ab’edda Abayonaani n'Abaruumi baategeera akabi akayinza okuva mu buyinza obw'amaanyi, naye mu kiseera eky'okukkulwa kw'amaanyi ye nsonga lwaki enjigiriza ey'okwawula obufuzi yatandikibwawo era n'etumbulwa.

Abo Abalowooza eby’Omwoyo

John Locke, mu Tsomero Zibiri eza Gavumenti[[FL:1] (1689), ez'enjawulo wakati wa bannaawula, abafuga, n'ab'obuyinza, nga gagamba nti okussaawo amateeka galina kuba waggulu. Naye, enkola esinga okulina okutwalibwa okuva ku Baron de Montesquieu mu mulimu gwe gwa 1748 [[FLT]] [16]] Omwoyo gw'Amateeka[[FOM:3]. Montesquieu . Yakiraba nti okuteeka amateeka n'obuyinza mu mikono gye gimu bireeta obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza mu mikono.[5] Ate era yasinziira ku ku ku kugifuula abantu kinnoomu, era n'okunoonyereza okwawukana ku Banglansiko.[5]

Olukiiko lw’Etteeka mu Amerika

Mu lukuŋŋaana lwa 1787 olw'amateeka mu Philadelphia, abalabirizi baateesa ku ngeri y'okussaawo obulungi ennyo gavumenti empya. Baagezaako okwewala obuyinza obwali bulaze obufuzi bwa Bungereza n'ebitundu ebigaba obutakkaanya ku buyinza bwa Confester. Ekiragiro kyatandikawo tteeka okwawula amatabi mu ngeri entegeke obulungi era nga gagobererwa. Kyokka, prezidenti yandisobodde okumenya amateeka, naye Consementment adversement; Sset'smentinant yandisobodde okukomyawo okussaawo obwa prezidenti; era abajulizi baa baayinza okukebera enkola y'amatabi mu mateeka agaago, agaakulagibwa mu ngeri y'enkola enfunze.

Puloguramu ezikozesebwa leero n'okukyusa-guquka

Wadde ng'enkola y'ebipimo ebisatu ebikola ng'ebimu ebikola ng'ebifo ebirongoofu batera okukwataganyizibwa ne Amerika, ensi endala nnyingi zikoppye enkyukakyuka ezikwatagana n'obuwangwa bw'eby'obufuzi n'ebyafaayo. Okutegeera enjawulo zino ziyamba okutegeera engeri gye biyinza okwawukana mu matwale g'ensi mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga, mu ngeri ezigattika ate ne mu ngeri ezigattika obuyinjawuka.

Amerika

Enteekateeka ya Amereka esigala nga y'emu ku byokulabirako ebitegeerekeka obulungi eby'okwawula obufuzi. Pulezidenti alondebwa yekka, tayinza kukola ebigambo bisukka mu bibiri ( Okuva ku Amereka aga namba 22 bwe gandizzeewo), era tabeera mu Congress. Ofiisi y'ekitongole ekolera mu bukulembeze naye egaziyizibwa n'etegese bannaakyewa. Ssenti ya siniya ekola emirimu gya njawulo: Ennyumba etandikawo esasula ebbanja ez'eby'amaguzi era eyinza okugaana ebizirimu, ng'ate Akakiiko k'abalamuzi, era n'abalamuzi abaakuuma obulamu, era n'ebibuuzo ebiba ebiba ebiba ebikyasinze mu nkola ey'okukuzaamu. Kyokka, ebyo ebyakolebwa mu kiseera kino bye bimu bigezesemba ebitongole ebifuga, era n'ebyo ebikolebwa mu ngeri ey'okugobeegobeewala.

Entegeka za Paalimaleti

Mu nkola za palamenti, gamba nga mu United Kingdom, Canada, ne India, omukulu (minisita n'ab'ekibiina) atwalibwa mu lukiiko olwo olw'avunaanyizibwa. Okugattibwa kw'amateeka okw'enjawulo n'okwawukanya okw'amaanyi naye okukebera. judiyalirizi tekyeyagalibwa, era akakiiko ka kajja kuggya omukulu mu buyinza okuyitira mu kulonda okuteesigalibwa. Omukulembeze w'obuyinza bw'eggwanga ayinza okuzigyawo akakiiko akagoberere era n'okuyita okulonda okulonda okuppya. Olw'okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekisingawo mu palamenti, ekiragiro kisinga okubaamu obuwandikiro, naye obuyinza obw'okufuga obusingawo. Mu UK, ekyokulabirako, enkola ya palamenti, etegeeza nti akakiiko akakiiko akafuzi k'amateeka kayinza okukyusiza mu ku n'okukkula akakiiko akafuzi, wadde ng'obuyinza obuyinza obw'enkola amateeka.

Engeri Eza magi, Embizzi, n’Engeri y’Okukwatamu Obusimu

Amawanga mangi gagoberera enkola ezigattika bapresidenti ne ba palamenti. mu Bufalansa y'etaano Republic egoberera pulezidenti eyalondebwa butereevu okulonda pulezidenti era n'atwala obukulembeze mu Nkuŋŋaana z'eggwanga. Pulezidenti akola ku mateeka n'okwetaaza entebe z'eggwanga nga katikkiro nga katikkiro nga katinisita wa kapitawo afuga bulungi amaka. Enteekateeka eno eyinza okusobozesa “okugobererwa mu n'okugobererwa mu biwandikiro bya njawulo. Amawanga amalala, nga Russia ne nsi z'omu Latin America, galina obukulembeze obw'amaanyi mu mateeka, ng'okutumbula ebiwaaza ebitongole eby'obuyinza ebifuga, ng'ebyo bireeta omuvubikku. Enja ey'enjawulo eraga nti okugabana kw'obuyinza n'ebitikkuufu byonna si kye kirina okugobera mu nsi.

Obukulu n’Emiganyulo

Okwawulawo obufuzi si ngeri y'okuzimbizaamu obuzito; bukuumi bwa maanyi nnyo eri abantu abanyigiriza bannaabwe.

Okukuuma Eddembe

Bwe wabaawo obuyinza bungi, ekiyinza okukolebwako kiba kizibu nnyo. Ab'obuyinza okusalawo ab'obuyinza okusattulula obuwagizi, okukomya obuwagizi, oba okukomya obukyamu obuva mu kulonda oba okutta abalabe ba bannabyabufuzi. Ebyafaayo biraga nti Bugirimaani ezzeewo olw'okugwa kw'enteko. Okwawula obufuzi bwa gavumenti ku ngeri ezitasosola, okusobozesa abakungu ba gavumenti obutakkiriziganya ku mateeka okukolagana n'enkyukakyuka ez'amangu. Era, emirundi mingi mu byafaayo, kyakolebwa olw'okumenya amateeka ga Bugirimaani. Okwawulawo obuwagizi bwa gavumenti kiyamba nnyo okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'obudde ez'obudde okuva ku Mazzi agatali gamu. Amatabi ga gavumenti gaagala abazannyi bangi okukkiriziganya ku ku kusalawo okw'amaanyi, enteekateeka ya mbeera etegekebwa ate n'okuwagira obwa k'obugunjula, era n'obusobo obunene obunene.

Okuvunaanibwa

Okwawulawo kw'amawanga kuleetawo engeri nnyingi ez'obulabirizi. Amatabi gayinza okunoonyereza ku mpisa mbi; abalamuzi bayinza okusawula amateeka agabagattiddwa; era nnannyini mateeka ayinza okubuuka. Buli ttabi lisobola okwanika ensobi ez'amaanyi ez'andimu. Buli kibiranyisirwamu ne likendeeza obulyi bw'enguzi n'obuteesobola kutuukiriza. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Abakungu ba gavumenti y' U.U.S. Office ya gavumenti y'embaligo (GAO) ekola wansi wa gavumenti okukebera ebitongole bya gavumenti, ng'eraga ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti ebya gavumenti okuyingiza ebitongole eby'enkola mu ku kulonda oba okugoolesa. Mu nsi nnyingi, ebitongole ebifuga obukkirimu bisobola okusobozesa abakunguziganya okulonda ebigo.

Okugezesebwa mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Wadde nga kiri kityo, okwawukana kw'ensi kiri mu kabi ak'amaanyi mu kyasa ekya abiri mu sooka. obufuzi, okugawulanya kw'ensi, okukula kw'obufuzi, okusala emisango mu bya tekinologiya, n'okukulaakulanya kw'ebitongole bya tekinologiya, byonna bigezesa ebiruubirirwa bya demokulase. Okutegeera ebizibu bino kikulu nnyo eri abo abaagala okusigaza obufuzi bwa demokulase.

Kendeeza eby'obwagunguzi n'eby'obwannakyemalira

Mu biseera eby'obuzibu nga `entalo, endwadde, oba okusasika kw'eby'enfuna, emirundi mingi byeyoleka kalungi konna. Wadde nga kyetaagisa enkola zino, bayinza okuteeka obulamu mu kabi okugaziya ku buyinza bwa prezidenti. Mu Amerika, enkola za bannakyewa, ebilango, n'enkola ku butongole bw'eby'obusuubuzi, era n'okubutunda, tebitera kweyongera. emirundi egimu, gavumenti zirowooya okulemesa bafuzi ba demokula ne bannaakyewa okukomya obwetwaze obwa nnannyini mu gavumenti. Okugoba gavumenti z'abavugibwa, gavumenti z'afuga, ziteekwa okusuubira nti gavumenti z'abavubi nazo ziresezza obukulembeze, era abantu abali mu kkooti zaawerebwa, ziteekwa okubeera nnyabo abavu. Britanica'okita w'obuyinza obunene obunene obwa waggulu.

Okuyuza Enkolagana y’Abafuzi n’Okwawula Omuze

Ebibiina bya bufuzi bwe bisalawo okusala enjawukana mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, okukebera ekiwayi n'empalana nga bigendererwa okuziyiza okunyigirizibwa kuyinza okuvaamu obuzibu. Okwesamba obukyamu kuyinza obutatera kubaawo; omukungu ayinza okulekawo bannabyabufuzi nga akozesa ebiragiro ebifuga; okulondebwa kuyinza okulwawo. Amateeka ga Ssemateeka mu Sset. Amateeka ga Ssemat.

Okunnyonnyola mu Ngeri ey’Okusaliramu Omusango n’Okubaako ky’Okola

Abasawo bawa obukakafu nti abalamuzi bwe bayisa etteeka eryo nga bayisa etteeka mu kifo ky'okulitaasa. N'olwekyo, kkooti bwe zitwala amateeka okuba agaawula ku nsonga eza bulijjo, bayinza okuvunaanibwa okweggyako obwannannyini. Kyokka, abalamuzi bayinza okwesanga nga beemalidde ennyo ku mukulu w'amatabi amalala, ne balemererwa okukebera ebibakwatako. Ekiwandiiko ky'abalamuzi kiyinza okuteeka amateeka ku balamuzi mu nteeko ne kibaleetera okumenya amateeka ku nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka. Emikolo gy'abalamuzi okusobola okuggyamu empakasa. Empakasa ezisinga obungi ku ku kuggyamu empakaafu, n'okukuba obukujjufu mu Amerika biraga obukujjufu obwo. Wadde nga ku kusinziira ku nkola y'amateeka, enkola y'amateeka teyeeba na ku nsonga ezigobeetaagisa okunnyonnyola mu mateeka, era n'ensonga ezikwata ku mateeka ebituufu eby'amateeka ebituufu.

Engeri Ezikolebwamu Ebikwata ku Bannakyewa

Ekiragiro kino kikulaakulanya okukolebwa kw'ebitongole ebifuga abantu nga obuvunaanyizibwa obwawulawo. N'okuleetawo okukolebwa kw'ebibiina ebikola ku bukulembeze bwa Amereka, nga Federal Reserve, Entecreations and Exchange Commissions. Ebibiina bino bikola nga ssesi-lelististived , era nga bireetawo ebibuuzo ebikwata ku kwawula obufuzi. Bikola kyonna okulemesa abafuzi okusalawo bye balina mu by'obufuzi, naye era nga b'ossa essira mu bannabyo mu bakungu abategesi abatali bannaabwo. Kkooti enkulu eresebwa eno, oluusi ereeteendwawo mu bireetawo obukuukuutivu. Obusosoze obwo bubaawo wakati w'entebe z'amatwalo ne gavumenti za Amerika. Obukulembedde ku ku ku kusobozesa okugonjoola ebizibu mu ku kubaako awonera muteewala awatali kubaako ky'obuyinza ne kubaako a demokulaseetuka. K'abala mu kibiina eky'omutirjeebukyuganda okumanyibwa.

fundikira

Okwawula ab'obuyinza kya muganyulo nnyo mu kufuga okw'omudemokulase. Nga kwawula ab'obuyinza mu bannaakyemalira, bannaawulamu, era nga bawa buli lukiiko obuyinza okukebera ebinaavaamu, enteekateeka eno ekuuma eddembe lya buli omu, era n'eremesa gavumenti okuba n'obukaseera era n'evunaanyizibwa. Emirala gyayo mu byafaayo mu kutegeera nnyinyonnyonnyola n'engeri ya demokulase. Emirala ya demicsstonssion eyoleka obukkakkakkasi n'obugumiikiriza bwa demoseemperances. Kyokka, okusoomooza okw'omulembe guno(* okwawukana, obuwandikiro, obutongole obufuga, n'okuyinjabibwa kw'abakungu ba gavumenti z'eggwanga, n'okukulakulaakula mu ngeri y'ensonga ez'enjawulo. Abatuuze n'abayimbi bateekwa okutegeera enjigiriza zino zokka ez'amaanyi.[1]