Ennyanjula ya Lwiragiro lwa Amereka y'enjola emenya ebigendererwa ebikulu n'emisingi egifuga ekiwandiiko kino. Etandika n'ebigambo ebimanyiddwa ennyo, " Ffe Abantu," tussa essira ku kifo ky'abatuuze mu kuteekawo gavumenti. Ebyawandiikibwa bino birina kinene nnyo kye bikola ku ntegeka za Amerika ne ku ndowooza z'eby'ebyobufuzi, ebikyusa engeri eggwanga gye lifugamu era n'entegeka za bantu kinnoomu. Wadde nga 52 yokka, Pregay enfissieskodenti ezisinga obuwanvu, ekironde eky'okugezesa okumanyisaamu Amerika era byeyongera okukola nga kikozesebwa mu ku kunnyonnyola ennyimba, enfumo, enfumo, n'obuwannyiikizo ez'eby’eby’obufuzi.

Ebyafaayo n’Ebyakyusa Endowooza y’Essaawa

Olukuŋŋaana lwa Constitution olwa Saalufaunta mu 1787 lwakuŋŋaanira mu Philadelphia okutereeza ebiba bigoonyezeddwa mu Sset of Confederation. Abafuzi, nga mwe muli James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, ne George Washington, baagezaako okutandikawo gavumenti y'eggwanga ennungiko ate ne bakuuma emisingi gya luganda. Pregegergery yalondebwa Gouverneur Morris, eyali ku Kakiiko k'Empagigi n'obutebenkeramyante. Ebigambo bye " Twe People" mu bugenderevu byadda mu kifo kya buwatusidedeeko obuwambi obwali nga bukkiriziddwamu, nga kiraga nti Gouverneurderon Morrisr Morrisr yali atandise okuggya enzigo z'abatuuze mu ggwanga lyonna.

Kino kyali kiyoleka endowooza y'abafirosoofo gamba nga John Locke, eyagamba nti gavumenti ekkirizibwa erina kukkirizibwa abafuzi ate ye Montesquieu eyassa essira ku kwawula ab'obuyinza. Frames era baaggya ne kiwandiiko ekya kampuni eyakolebwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau, wadde nga baagiyamba n'ensonga ez'ekika kya bannasayansi ezikwata ku butebenkevu, nga baakirina endowooza eyo wakati w'enkyukakyuka mu 1776 ne mu nteekateeka z'amateeka. Abo abagiteekako endagaano nga tebabalimu endagaano y'enkola, baagiteeka mu nsonga eziddako. Ebiwandiiko ebyo bye baannyonnyola bye baateeka mu mitwe egyaddako. [[FLT:]

Ekirala ku byafaayo eby'enyongeza, Etterekero ly'eggwanga[[[KATANDIKWA]] liwandiika ebigambo ebyasookera ddala era ne byewandiika. Ekitebe eky'Eggwanga kiyamba mu kunnyonnyola ebifa ku nyinyonnyo.

Ebiruubirirwa Omukaaga: Kinoonyerezebwa Kakugu

Ebiruubirirwa bino tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka naye bikola ng’ebyambisibwa okutegeera ebigendererwa by'amateeka ebizingirwamu.

Obumu Obusingawo Obulungi

Ekiragiro kino kyayanukula butereevu ebitundu ebyayonoonebwa wansi wa zitundu. Abasawo baanoonya okutandikawo gavumenti ey'amaanyi eyandimaze okuvvuunuka enkaayana ez'ensi ez'enjawulo, entegeka ez'eby'enfuna, era n'okussaawo enjawukana mu nsonga z'amawanga. " kyeyoleka lwatu ennyo nga kiri[ baakiraga nti obugattini obwo tebuliiko kabi naye busobola kulongoosebwa okuyitira mu mateeka. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ekigendererwa kino kibadde kisinziirwa ku kulaga nti obukulu, ebiragiro by'eby'obusuubuzi, n'okuzzaawo ebitongole eby'obutunzi, n'okuzzaawo ebikolebwa.

Tandika Obwenkanya

Omusango mu Pregear gw'eyogera ku bitongole eby'omu mateeka ebifuga obusosoze. Abafuzi baagenderera okuggya mu kifo ky'obufuzi bwa bannaakyemalira ne bateekawo amateeka agaagobererwa abatuuze bonna. Kino kyaviirako okutandikawo olukiiko olukulu olw'amateeka, olulamuzi olutongoze, era olukugira amateeka agafuga oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo amateeka n'ebisale by'enkomeredde. Okunoonya omusango ku Kkooti enkulu kiyambye okussaawo ensala y'amateeka, enkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka, n'obukuumi obw'enkanankana.

Okulemererwa Okunyweza Obulwadde mu Maka

Emirembe gy'amaka gyategeeza okuziyiza obutategeeragana n'obuttujju. Shays's Region (1786-171787) yalaga obunafu mu kukuuma ntegeka. Ekiragiro kyawa gavumenti obuyinza okukomya obukyayi, okukomya obutujju, n'okukakasa buli ggwanga okuba gavumenti ya gavumenti. Leero, ebigendererwa bino b'essawo obuyinza mu bitundu nga wabenje, okuteeka amateeka mu nkola, n'obutebenkevu mu ggwanga. Era biwa olukusa w'obufuzi mu kiseera kya kabenje.

Yamba Abalwadde Okubeera Abeekusifu

Ebigambo by'oludda oluwaabi ebikozesebwa mu kukuuma obukuumi mu nsi yonna erina akakwate n'obukuumi bw'abagwira. Constitution ewa Consell obuyinza okuteekawo amagye, okukuuma eggye ery'oku nnyanja, era n'okulangirira olutalo. Empandika ezikwata ku kwerwanako zigattiddwa gavumenti y'eggwanga, so si gavumenti emu yokka. Ebiruubirirwa bino biweereddwa okuwagira okuteekebwawo kwa magye mu biseera eby'emirembe, okukolebwa kwa Kitongole ky'eby'obukuumi mu by'obufuzi, n'okussaawo gavumenti mu bya bapresidenti mu nsonga ezitali za nsi.

Tumbula Obulamu Obulungi

Ennyiriri ezikwata ku mbeera y'abantu ze zisinga okuwakanyizibwa mu nnyinyonnyola y'amateeka. Mu Precage, zissaawo ekiruubirirwa eky'amaanyi; oluvannyuma, ekitundu I, Ekitundu 8, kiwa obuyinza bw'okusasula ebikolerwamu ebikolerwamu ebikolebwa ku nsonga ezikwata ku nfuna y'obuyambi. Empaka ku obanga kino kisobozesa programu zonna ez'ensi (umg., Security, Medicare, ebizingirwamu) oba ebigendererwa bitono bifudde olukalala ku kwogera kwa Amereka okw'ebyobufuzi mu Amereka okumala ebyasa bibiri. Ek'okusasula kw'ekibiina kya ' okukireetera abantu okufuna obuwanguzi bw'eby'eby'eby'obulamu obwa bulijjo.

Tukuumire Emikisa Egituweebwa mu Muliro ne mu Bujjuvu

Olugambo luno lukwata ku bukuumi bw'eddembe, si ku mulembe oguliwo kati gwokka naye ku gwa mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Lye kkiriza abo abagoberera enkola nti eddembe ekwetaagisa okukuumibwa mu kibiina: okwawukana ku maanyi, okukebera, n'empandika, habeas corpus, n'obukuumi eritakwata ku kunoonya muteetegeera. Ekiragiro " obuwagizi obwa bulijjo.[ Kiwawula Amateeka nga galina ekigendererwa eky'okuteekawo olumu, nga kiraga nti ekiwandiiko kino kirina okubeera n'enteekateeka eyaakyo.

Ekirungi Ekiri mu Bufirosoofo bw’Abamerika

Ekikyasinze okukwata ennyo ku bufirosoofo bw'abantu kiri mu bigambo ebisooka: " Fourse. Ekigambo kino kyateekawo obufuzi obwa bulijjo ng'ekifo ky'obufuzi bwa Amereka. Ekigamba nti obufuzi busibuka ku butuuze so si ku bakabaka oba bannaakyewa. Omusingi guno gwakyusa enkolagana wakati w'abantu kinnoomu n'eggwanga, ne guleetera abantu okwenyigira mu nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.

Obufuzi bwa Bonna n’Endowooza y’Abantu

Nga balangirira nti Ekiragiro kya ssemateeka kitongozeddwa era ne kiteekebwawo "Four People," era ne batandika programu z'enkola z'eggwanga. Abatuuze bakkiriza okufugibwa okusobola okukuuma eddembe lyabwe era n'okutumbula ebigendererwa byabwe. Endowooza eno yasibuka ku ndowooza y'Amerika ey'okulonda mu nfuga eza demokulase, nga mw'otwalidde n'okulonda, okulonda, n'okulonda abantu. Era yawagira Bill of Rights, ewandiika obukuumi mu gavumenti obukyamu. Endowooza egamba nti abatuuze b'obuyinza obwa bulijjo be nsibuko y'obuyinza, obusinga obungi bw'obuwandikiro, obutongole obukola okulonda.

Obuyigirize obw’Ekibiina n’Akantu Akali mu Kitundu

Ennyanjula y'emu ku byawandiikibwa ebisooka okuyigirizibwa abaana b'omu Amerika. Okukwata n'okuddiŋŋana ebigambo kye kitwalibwa ng'ekikolwa eky'omugigi, ekiyamba abaana okutegeera obulungi ekigendererwa ky'eggwanga. Okuyigiriza okw'ekika kino kukozesa ennyanjula y'enjigiriza za gavumenti, ey'obwenkanya, n'eddembe. Ebibiina nga Bikubiriza okuyingiza obuyigirize obwa bulijjo mu mateeka.

Ebibiina Ebikola ku Kintu n’Engeri y’Okukolaganamu n’Abantu

Mu byafaayo byonna ebya Amerika, abawanguzi bawagidde nti obuddu bwakontana n'ebiruubirirwa by'okuteekawo obwenkanya n'okuteekawo eddembe. Ebiwandiiko byasaba "Ffe Abantu" okwegayiriza mu bujjuvu okuyingira mu bya bufuzi. Ekitongole kya Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s ne 1960s kyawandiikiriza abantu okugezaako okwegatta ku lulimi olw'enkola y'obwenkanya n'obulungi bw'abantu bonna. Gye buvuddeko awo, abakkiririza ku nsonga z'eby'eby'enfuna, enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, n'okuva mu ggwanga baajuliza Pregiverset okuwakanya ensonga nti gavumenti esaanidde okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu bonna.

Okukwata ku Bufirosoofo obw’Ebya bufuzi mu Amerika

Okutandika kwakyusa endowooza z’eby’obufuzi nga kunnyonnyola ekigendererwa ky’obufuzi ng’okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’abantu n’okukuuma eddembe lyabwe.

Obwenkanya n’Eddembe Giri mu Misingi

Obwetwaze bwa [[NKULA:0] obwenkanya[[NKULA] era ne mu kutandika, kiviiriddeko abantu okuteekawo amateeka agayamba abantu okuba n'eddembe mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya. Emisingi gino girina akakwate n'entegeera za gavumenti mu Amerika ez'enkomeredde. Endowooza ez'oku Kkooti enkulu zitera okujuliza okutandikawo obwannannyini obwa "/'ensonga ya ddembe eryabwe ku bwalyo --okuwagira ennyinnyonnyola ezikwatagana n'ebigendererwa byago. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Kkooti Kkooti esonga esonga eresezza ku nsonga ezikwata ku bukulu, eddembe ly'abantu ab'eggwanga, n'ebifo by'obuyinza obw'eggwanga. Ensonyigobeenkanya emirundi mingi zikoze ku ku ku ku kukulaakulana kw'enkola y'ekulaga y'ebitundu ebigerekeenkana ne ku ku ku ku ku kugo.Eswo.ENKUG.

Embeera Ennungi ey’Obulamu n’Ekifo kya Gavumenti

Ebigambo "Nkakasa embeera z'abantu bonna" bye biwaanyisiddwa mu butaka bw'obufirosoofo. Abo abawagira gavumenti entono bagamba nti etteeka ery'obuwangwa teririna kutongoza nteekateeka eza kampuni ezikwata ku bantu abangi; boogera ku maanyi agaategerekebwa mu Katundu I nga gekaawula. Abalala bagamba nti olulimi lw'Abapregation, nga lugattiddwako n'obuteefu n'obw'obutuufu bwa Claus, liwa k'ensonga ku byetaago by'eggwanga. Obukaanyisiikiriza buno buleetawo enkaayaana ku New Factor, Great Society, Great Carence Act, era n'empaka ez'omu kiseera kino ku by'obujjanjabi n'obuyigirize. Bwe kityo oluyimba olwo lwokkaago kwe lwokkakkakka mu ku musingi gw'ebyo ebizibwa.

Eddagala Erifuga n’Amaanyi

Ekigendererwa eky'okussaawo enkola ey'okwerwanako kimuwaanya ku nkola z'eby'amagye, okukuŋŋaanya amagezi, n'embeera ennungi wakati w'obutebenkevu n'eddembe ly'abantu. Empalana eyo wakati w'okwerwanako n'emirembe mu maka eyoleka ebigendererwa by'abantu abo abaagadde gavumenti esobola okukuuma emirembe n'obutebenkevu. Kino kisinzizzawo obuyinza obw'ensi yonna mu biseera by'obunkenkenkenya n'eby'eggwanga, ate era ne kyongera n'okweraliikirira ebikwata ku ku kyekubiira ekitongole kya gavumenti. Obufirosoofo obukusiizi obukirivu n'eddembe ebya bulijjo bisigala nga bye bikulu mu ndowooza y'eby'ebyobufuzi bw'Amerika.

Endowooza ya Kkoyiro

Ekiruubirirwa eky'okutandikawo obumu obutuukiridde kirina kye kyakoze ku ndowooza z'eby'obufuzi ku bikwata ku busosoze, mwoyo gwa ggwanga, n'enkyukakyuka. Olutalo olw'omunda n'okuzza ebisonjookebwa kw'ekiwandikiro byaddamu okunnyonnyola engeri Union gye eriwo, nga bagaana endowooza nti tewali muntu n'omu asobola okukyuka. Mu kyasa ekyamakumi abiri, Preget yalagibwa mu mbeera nga TEXas v. White [-69] [-189] okukakasa nti endagaano eyo tekkirizibwa mu mu kibiina. Leero, enkaayanyi ezikwata ku buyinza, eby'obufuzi, eby'omukitundu byeyongera okwogerwako mu kwolesebwa kwa Pregget]

Ennyanjula mu Kunnyonnyola Amateeka

Wadde nga ennyanjula tewa buyinza kufuga, erina ekifo kikulu nnyo mu kunnyonnyola amateeka. Emirundi egimu kkooti zikebera ebiwandiiko ebisooka okusobola okutegeera ekigendererwa ky'amateeka singa amateeka oba obulagirizi obugobererwa butegeerekeka bulungi. Kkooti enkulu eyogera nti ennyanjula eyinza okukozesebwa okugonjoola okubuusabuusa ekigendererwa ky'abo abayitibwa frames, naye teyinza kuba nga kisinziirwako okumenya etteeka. Abeekenneenya eby'amateeka nga Jack Balkin ne Randy Barnett bawakanya ekifo kya Pregist mu ntegeka y'omu mateeka.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Jacobson v. Massachusetts (05), kkooti yayogera ku kussaawo obutuufu bw'ebiragiro okusobola okunywerera ku mateeka agagonjoolwa. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Eright Ergyp. [193]], Justice Sutherland yakikiriza Pregeant okuwagira obuyinza bwa prezidentigue mu nsonga ezitali za bannabwo. Ebyokulabirako bino biraga engeri Pregeget gy'eyinza okuggyamu endowooza ey'ensonga ey'obujulizi ne bwe zitaba nga zigye butereevu. Okunoonyereza okw'esinga obungi ku k'Awanjula mu Corll[FFFF:]

Okuddayo mu Kiseera eky’Omu Maaso

Ekiwandiiko Pregedge kikyaliwo, ekyajulizibwa mu byoogezi eby'eby'obufuzi, mu kaweefube era ne mu kwesamba. Enjigiriza zaakyo zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okunnyonnyola endowooza z'abantu abawagidde okuvuganya obufuzi bw'Amerika. Ng'ekyokulabirako, abawagira gavumenti entono baggumiza "Okwagala emikisa gy'eddembe," so ng'ate abawagira gavumenti bassa essira ku ku kuleetawo emirembe egya bulijjo. obulimba obukyava mu kukolera ku ndowooza z'abafuzi b'abafuzi b'ensi eno, obukubiriza buli mulembe okunnyonnyola amakulu gaabwo ng'osinziira ku bizibu ebiriwo.

Wadde nga waliwo okuteesa ku by'obutuuze, ku by'obujjanjabi, ku nkola z'amateeka ez'enkola, n'enkola ey'embeera y'obudde, ebigambo bino bitera okukozesebwa okutegeeza obutuuze obwa demokulase. Abaana b'essomero baddiŋŋana ebigambo ebyo nga basinziira ku ngeri abantu gye batwalamu obutuuze mu nsi ezimu nga bakulu mu by'obulamu.

Ate era, okusoosa kwa demokulase okusibuka mu bufuzi obwa demokulase kusinze okunoonyereza ku kyakulabirako eky'ebiruubirirwa by'eggwanga mu Amereka. Ekiragiro mu nsi nga Buyindi, Bugirimaani ne South Africa mulimu amasomero akwatagana n'ensonga, eddembe, n'obutebenkevu. Bwe kityo, okugunjula kwa Amereka kweyongera okunyumya ku ntegeka ya Amereka ku mateeka n'obufuzi bwa demokulase.

Ekitabo ekyakakolebwa abakugu mu by'enjigiriza, Ekigambo ekyatufuula Abasinga nga kiyisiddwa mu Akhil Reed Amar, kye ky'akenneenya engeri gye kisengekaamu olulimi olwo(okugattako n'ekifo ekisooka) ekya Amerika. Amateeka Journal Forum gafulumya okunoonyereza ekifo kya Pregegeedget mu n'ebiwandiiko eby'omulembe guno. Ebitabo bino biraga nti ekiwandiiko eky'ebyafaayo kyeyongera okukozesebwa mu kugiwandikamu era n'okulaga emitindo gy'omu Amerika.

fundikira

Ekibuuzo kino kitadde ku kifo ky'abantu era n'ebiruubirirwa byabwe eby'okuteebereza kikutte nnyo ku ndowooza z'abantu ne ku by'obufuzi mu Amereka. Kyeyongera okuyamba abantu okumanya emitindo gy'ensi n'obuwanguzi. Okuva ku kussaawo Amateeka mu bibiina bya bannabyabufuzi ebya leero, Pregedge ewandiikidde awalala ebigambo eby'amaanyi ebiraga ensonga lwaki gavumenti eriwo era ne ky'esaanidde okufuba okutuukako. Ebigendererwa byayo mukaaga, obwenkanya, obutebenkevu, obutebenkevu, n'eddembe.[1] Bibeera nga wabaawo okuwakana ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsi, okuyimba, tewali kubuusabuusa nti ensonga ezizingirwamu zijja kweyoleka bulungi, zinnyonnyonnyolebwa, era zikkutaaza bulungi endowooza zaayo nga ziyita mu biseera eby'okutandikawo.