Okulwanyisa ebikolwa bya bannalukalala mu nsi yonna kukyusizza nnyo enkola z'amaka, ennyimba ez'amateeka, n'enkola z'abantu mu nsi yonna mu myaka asatu egiyise. Wadde ng'ekigendererwa ekikulu eky'okumalawo ebikolwa bya bannalukalala kwe kukuuma abantu okuva ku bikolwa eby'obukambwe, okubikola kwabwe kuleetawo ebizibu ebituuka ku ddembe ly'abantu, enkolagana y'abantu n'enkola y'obufuzi bwa demokulase. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku nsibuko, endowooza nti ebintu tebyatondebwa butondebwa butondebwa, era n'obuzibu obutali bumu obwa bannaakyewaza abantu bwe balina ku nkola ya bannakyewawa, era n'enkaabiraano eziriwo mu nsi.

Ensibuko y’Ebikolwa bya Bannalukalala n’Engoberezo y’Obuwagguufu

Obukodyo obw'okuziyiza ebikolwa bya bannalukalala tebwatandikawo butaka. Kaweefube eyasooka yakolebwa ku bantu abaali baagala okudduukirira ebibiina ebiwerako, gamba nga Baader-Meinhof Gaang mu Bugirimaani ow'ebugwanjuba oba Ttuttle d'e Italy mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980. Kyokka, obutujju n'obulumbaga bw'eby'obutujju bwa bannalukalala bw'omulembe guno tebwakyuka nnyo oluvannyuma lwa Ssande 11, 2001. Ekyo kyaleetawo enkyuukano mu mateeka agakwata ku by'obutebenkeneewaze, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna, era n'okuyingira mu magbo.

Mu bwangu ddala, Amerika yayisa ekiwandiiko ekiwa ekiragiro eky'okukozesa Arumar Force (AMF) ne USA PATRIOT Act, ekyakendeeza enkkukanya ku nkola y'obulagirizi, era ne kiteekawo enzivuunvu mu mateeka eri abo abaasibibwa. Amawanga amalala gaagoberera enkola eno: United Kingdom etaddewo akakwakkulizo ka butherogizi bwa Buganda 2006, Australia yayisa akakwakkulizo aka Anti-Trorticism Act mu mwaka gwa 2001.

Ebibiina by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby'eby’obufuzi byawagidde ekitongole ekyo okukomya obutujju (Enzijanjaba y’Amawanga Amagatte) 1373, nga b'ensi ezikakibwa okumenya ensimbi eziva ku bannalukalala, okuba n’amagezi mangi, n’okussa essira ku ngeri amateeka gye gayinza okugobererwamu.

Aluubirira Obukuumi

Ekimu ku bintu ebiyinza okumanyibwa oluvannyuma lwa bannalukalala okuweza obutundutundu kwe kukyusa okuva ku nkola za bannalukalala ezigobererwa. Gavumenti zatandika okukaatika essira ku nkola y'okukuuma obukujjukujju, n'okukuuma abantu nga bakuuma abantu bonna, mu kifo ky'okuteebereza obuteebereze. Enkola eno, etera okuyitibwa "preutionery musingi" mu nkola y'obukuumi bw'eby'amateeka, era n'obulabirizi bw'emisango obutono. Ng'obulumbaganyi bw'e Paris bwakkirizibwa okukwatibwa awatali kuvunaana, n'okujjusibwa obusaze.

Ebipimo by’Ebyakolebwa Okusobola Okuziyiza Obuzibu bwa Kibeesi

Abatujju bannalukalala bwe baatandika okukozesa enkola eza kompyuta okusobola okuyingiza obuyinja, okusaasaanya pokopoko, n'okubulumba, era ne bamalawo enkola za bannalukalala ne batandikawo enkola y'ekitongole kya U.S. National Security Agency ne UK Governmentes Headquarters (GCHQ) ne batandikawo enkola okulaba oba okumanya enneyisa ya Intaneeti ku mikutu gya Intaneeti, okutaaganya ebigasa eby'enkulembedde, n'okunoonyereza ku ngeri y'okusaasaanya obuterekeesoozi, okusobola okusaasaanya ssente.

Okukyusa Empisa z’Amaka

Amawanga mangi gaateekawo obuweereza bw'eby'obufuzi, amagye, n'ebitongole ebikola emirimu ebitongole ebiweereddwa obukubirizi, era nga birina ebiragiro eby'enjawulo eby'okumalawo ebikolwa bya bannalukalala. Ebibiina bino biteekebwawo amateeka agatali gamu era ne binoonyezebwa nnyo mu bantu, ne kiviirako abantu okumala ekiseera nga bavunaanyizibwa.

Omusango n’Okugaziwa kw’Obwagazi

Kabonero akalaga engeri amateeka ga bannalukalala gye gaagaziyizibwamu. Kaasobozesa abakwasiddwa bannasayansi okumanyisa ebiwandiikizo ebya bizineesi, okubuna amasasiro, n'okukozesa National Security Letters okufuna okumanya okwakalebwa nga tewali lukusa. Amateeka bwe gatyo mu nsi endala, gamba nga Buyindian’s Unnostic Act (Prevention) Act, ne Buyinza bwa Bugirimaani obugaziyitiddwawo, byawanyisa ba poliisi ne b'empulizi ne kibawawawawa ne bannaaweeyambi za BKA. Ebibiina bya bannakyewa by'eddembe bya gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za Buganda biwaaganye nnyo okuwakanya amateeka gano, nga bigamba nti tewa

Mu Amerika, akakwate ka USA Freedom aka 2015 kaasengekebwako katundu kimu ku biragiro bya metameta nyingi naye era ne kasigalamu amaanyi mangi agafuga engeri gye zisengekeddwamu.

Ebintu Ebituli ku Nnyumba

Ekimu ku bifo ebikyasinze okuwakanya enkola za bannalukalala kwe kuba nti bannabyabufuzi basooka kuba n'obusobozi bw'okulaguza. Programu nga National Security Agency, UK’s Tempora, ne "Plan Vigiparate" ze zaakuŋŋaanya empapula ssimu ez'amaanyi ez'amasimu n'empandiro ku Internet. Abakuutifu bagamba nti ebintu ebyo byetaagisa okusobola okumanya ennyindo nga tezinnabaawo, nga bakubawumba ebyo ebifaananako okusaawula olukiiko lw'ennyonyi oluyitibwa 2006. Kyokka, abavumirira okunoonyereza ku kweyoleka obukugunjufu mu kuziyiza ebikolwa ng'ebyo eby'obuteekujjuzi n'okubuguma.

Kkooti ya Bulaaya ey'Empandika ey'obwenkanya esaze ebiragiro ebyalagira nti obubaka obw'empuliziganya buterekebwa mu buli kantu, ebibusanze nga bikontana n'enkizo eza kinnoomu wansi wa ndagaano ey'ebukyufu ku ntegeka z'eddembe lya bantu[. Mu Amerika, ACLU ewanduudde okusala emisango emirundi mingi egiba nga tegikkirizibwa. Enkola zino ez'okusala ku mateeka ziraga okukaayana wakati w'obusosoze n'obukuumi mu mateeka.

Obumalirivu era Obutuufu bw’Ebiragiro by’Oyinza Okukola

Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ey'Amerika oluvannyuma yasalawo nti abawagizi baleme kukkirizibwa, akasibe kasigalamu buvunnami. Obukyayi bwe bufaananako n'obw'amateeka bwateekebwawo mu kifo ekirala okumala emyaka mingi nga teboozesebwa, era nga balongoosebwa okubuuza ebibuuzo mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.

Ebibiina by’abantu, nga mw’otwalidde n’akakiiko akakola ku ddembe ly’obuntu akayitibwa UN, bivumirira nnyo ensi nnyingi olw’okukozesa obutongole bwa gavumenti okusiba abantu mu makomera n’okulwanirira eddembe lya bannalukalala.

Ebiva mu Buzibu bw’Amaka

Ng’oggyeko enkola eziragibwa mu makwasi, ebikolwa bya bannalukalala bireetera abantu okuba n’endowooza enkyamu ku bantu, okukyusizaamu enkolagana yaabwe n’abalala, n’engeri gye bakolaganamu n’ab’obuyinza.

Okutulugunya Abalala n’Okubonyaabonya Obusosoze

Emitendera gy'eby'okwerinda gisigibwa ku ddiini, obuwangwa, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga. Okunoonyereza programu z'ennyonyi, enzivuunula y'amateeka okuyimirira n'okunoonyereza, biba byawunzika ku Basiraamu ne ku bantu ab'omu Middle East oba South Asia. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okukugira okukolebwa kw'obuddukiro kukwetaagisa abakozi okutegeeza abantu abamu mu kampuni alowoozebwa nti Abasiraamu balina okubuusabuusa ekibawayirwa. Mu Amerika, okuwerebwa kw'entambula kwaleetera ensi eziwerako mu 2017, okuwakanya eby'obusuubuzi n'okumenya amateeka.

Okufeebezebwa kuno kuyinza okuleetawo okweyawula ku b'obuyinza era n'obutabeesiga, kyokka okusoomooza ku k'enkola ey'okulwanirira obutujju eri bannalukalala. Okunoonyereza okukoleddwa kulaze nti okusosola mu bantu okw'engeri gye kuyinza okwongera obusosoze mu ngeri endala, ne kiviirako enkola y'eby'okwerinda ey'amaanyi okweyongera mu ngeri ey'akabi gye bagezaako okubulwanirira.

Okwenyigira mu Kibiina n’E nteekateeka ez’Okulongoosa

Nga baddamu ebimu ku nkola ezo, gavumenti nnyingi zikozesezza enkola ezikolebwa okulwanyisa abantu. Programu nga "Okuzimba Resilince Against Against Agaldal Extremism" (BRAVE), programu y'ekibiina kya UK’s Channel, n'eky'okudduukirira abantu mu biseera eby'edda, okubawa amagezi, n'okuyamba abantu abali mu kabi ak'okuleetawo enjawukana. Kampuni zino zissa essira ku nkolagana wakati w'enkola z'abantu, abakulembeze b'eddiini, n'abakugunjufu w'abasawo mu by'obwongo.

Okunoonyereza kukiraze nti kuvuddemu ebirungi bingi. Wadde nga Aarhus alowoozebwa nti yakendeeza okugattika n'okugatta abo abaali bannalukalala, okweraliikirira ebikwata ku kugattika emirimu n'okugatta awamu amagezi ku nsonga z'abantu, era n'okugattikako n'okugatta awamu ebitongole eby'omuwere eby'enjawulo, abo abamu bagamba nti programu zino zisobola okusiiga abantu mu buli kika era n'okuwaliriza buli omu okumanya ku nsonga za munne.

Endowooza ya Bannamawulire

Kuno, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu empapula z'amawulire kuyambye nnyo okumanyisa abantu engeri gye bategeeramu ebikolwa bya bannalukalala n'eby'obutujju. Okunoonyereza kusobola okuleetera abatuuze bangi okumanyibwa, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obulumbaganyi obw'amaanyi, okuleetera abantu okutya n'okuwagira enkola za bannalukalala. Okunoonyereza ku mawulire okwakolebwa mu PIA okusobola okuleetawo enkomyamyamyanya y'obutujju, gamba ng'okutuluguza mu bifo bya bannantambi ebya KISA.

Mu Amerika, okunoonyereza kulaga nti buli kiseera abantu bafaayo ku ddembe ly'abantu, naye ate era nga kweyongera okufaayo ku ddembe ly'abantu. Mu Bulaaya endowooza ziba nkyamu naddala oluvannyuma lw'okugabana amagezi n'okutereka data.

Obukugu mu Kakiiko Akakola ku Bunnaakyemalira mu Maka

Nga wayiseewo 9/11, ebitongole ebikola ku by'obukugu nga FBI ne M5 essira balissa ku bintu bya magezi ga bannabyabufuzi oba eby'akabi. Leero, bakuŋŋaanya obubaka ku bantu, bakolagana bulungi ne poliisi era bategeeza abantu obubaka nga kampuni ez'enjawulo.

Enteekateeka zino ziremesezza abantu okutegeera obulungi ensonga lwaki waliwo amateeka mangi mu nsi ezitali zimu. Enkola z'amateeka nga ezo ezikolebwa mu Amerika, ennyinyonnyola enzivuvu mu ngeri ez'enjawulo zikoppeddwawo okusobozesa amaka okulabira ddala nga tewali bukakafu bulaga nti ekigendererwa kikoleddwa okulabibwa nga "enkizo ey'amawanga amalala." Abawaka bagamba nti ennyinyonnyola n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu mawulire, ne bannabyabufuzi. Corporation efulumya okunoonyereza ku maanyi g'eby'obukugunjufu, so si nti zisobola okukendeeza ku nkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka, era n'ensonga endala ezireesembe.

Okubeera Omukulembeze w’Abalala n’Okubaako ky’Okolawo

Ekiragiro kino kyakolebwa okulaba obanga obulabirizi busobola okukendeeza ku buzibu bw'okukozesa obubi ebikolebwa abafuzi. Okusobola okwewala okukolebwako, obukiiko obwa nnakyewa, gamba nga, ekitongole kya U.S.Inberty and Civiligious Oversementive Board oba UK’s Inventigation Powers, bukolebwa okulaba obanga busobola okwekebejja. Kyokka, bye busobola buteeberezebwa bulemesebwa kukuwandibwa mu ngeri y'okwetegereza ebintu, okukaka obulango obujulirwa okuva ku mateeka, ne ku ku ku ku kulabula okugobeetaasaawo obuva eri ebibiina ebikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu nga [[FLT:][FLU:1] era n'AMERI.

Okulwanyisa Obulyi bw’Eby’Obunnalukalala n’Okunnyisa Abantu

Ebirala eby'amaanyi ebikwatibwako ennyo kwe kuyingira mu nsi ezitali zimu.Ebyetaagisa obuvunaanyizibwa obuzingirwa mu by'obufuzi, okweyongera obungi okutwalibwa mu nsi eziwagirwa obutuuze, era n'okuwera obutuuze mu nsi za Amerika ezikola ebikolwa bya bannalukalala.

Ebiragiro bino bisobola okuviirako obujaasi okuggwaawo, amaka okwawukanya, n'okulemesa abo abanoonya obuddukiro okuva mu bitundu ebibaamu obukuubagano. Kakiiko ka UNHCR kalabula nti abo bonna abanoonya obuddukiro okuva mu bitundu gye bibawandudde, bagamba nti okusobola okukendeeza ku bukuumi bw'abanoonyi b'obubudamu, oba okubukomya ku mateeka agakugira ennyo abanoonyi b'obubudamu, tegakendeeza bunnabwo naye gayinza okwongera ku kwemulugunya mu bantu ababeera mu bitundu ebyo.

Okugaba Obukuumi n’Emikisa gy’Abamu

Ekizibu ekikulu ekiyinza okubuutikirwa kwe kukakasa abantu obutasubwa ddembe abantu lye balina okufunira demokulase. Tewali ngeri ndala yonna gye bayinza kukozesaamu gavumenti; buli ggwanga liteekwa okusala amateeka gaalyo, obuwangwa bwalyo, n'embeera z'ebyobufuzi. Kyokka, emisingi mingi egiyinza okuyamba mu kukuuma eddembe ly'obuntu n'okussa ekitiibwa mu ntegeka ya demokulase:

  • Empandika ziteekwa kukolebwako, era n'okukendeezebwako mu bulambalamba obwa pulogulamu. Obubonero obulagira empandika n'okusibibwa tewali muntu yenna abuteekako bulaga nti ebipimo byayo byagobererwa.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Obusobozi:[[Akabonero:1] Gavumenti zirina okumanyisa bingi ebisoboka ebikwata ku nkola zazo ezizirimu obutuuti obuttumbula ebya bannalukalala, ebiziweebwa obukwasiddwa obukkirizibwa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obukulembeze bw'amateeka obufuga amateeka:[[Akakiiko akafuga] kooti ezifuga zisaanidde okuba n'obuyinza oba obutakkiriza kusalawo kulonda oba okusiba ebintu mu kkomera, nga zikozesa enkola eya waggulu ennyo okusikiriza abantu.
  • Omuntu bw'aba ow'okuyogerako ne munne mu bufumbo, aba alina kubaako ky'asalawo mu kifo eky'okubuuza ku bantu abali mu kitundu ekikoseddwa, so si kulagira waggulu. Okukola omukwano kinyweza obwesige mu muntu era kilongoosa amagezi.
  • [[Act:0] Kino kitegeeza nti ekiragiro kisalawo enkola ya Claus:[ Akakwakkulizo ak'amanguni tekalina kuggwa nga ate ate system ekikkiriza emirimu okuddawo oluvannyuma lw'empaka ez'omu lujjudde.

Amawanga nga Canada ne New Zealand gakyusizza amateeka gaago agamalawo ebikolwa bya bannalukalala era ne gakola nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu, nga kino kiraga nti enkyukakyuka teyinza kubaawo.

fundikira

Akakwate k'okumalawo ebikolwa bya bannalukalala ku nkola z'amaka ne ku bantu kagazi era kawangaala. Kakoppye enzivuunula amateeka, kasoonyezza ebitongole bya gavumenti, era ne kakyusa obulamu bw'obukadde n'obukadde bw'obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu. Ekivaamu, obuzibu bwe bumu: engeri y'okulwaniriramu demokulase nga tegasaze. Enkola za bannakyewa ezisobola okutabaganya enkola ya bannakyewa ze ezo ezikuuma obuwagizi, okuwa abantu enneesize eddembe ly'enkalakkalira, n'okumanyiira okukyusa ebisooso nga tewali kyeyongera. Enkongoberezaawo okulwanirira eddembe eryo, obuwandikiro obuva mu ku kukozesa Internet, obujulizi n'obujulizi obutuufu, obuva mu ku kukolagana n'obujulizi obutuufu n'obutuufu, tebwesigamye nnyo okunoonyereza. Kuteesa eby'okugoberezebwa kw'abantu, n'okugonjoola ensonga enkulu bye tubaddena ku nsonga enkulu.