Ekiragiro eky'abantu okutuula mu kibuga oba mu kibuga kitera okusalirwawo ku nsonga z'eby'enfuna, ebyetaago by'ennono, n'okulongoosa kw'obulamu. Wadde nga babadde bakubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga za waggulu, abavuzi b'eby'obufuzi babadde basuubira nti abavuzi b'eby'obufuzi n'abakulembeze b'ekika balina ekifo ekituufu mu gavumenti, okusasula emisolo, eddembe lya buli muntu kinnoomu, oba obuvunaanyizibwa obw'ekikula nga abantu baagala okusigala nga tebeeyingiza mu nnyinyonnyo, oba nga bagwa mu mpaka ez'amaanyi. Okutegeera endowooza eno y'ensonga enkulu mu bannabyamasaza, abateeyinjawo, n'abatuuze, kubanga balaga ensonga lwaki kaweefube okusasula emisolo, era n'enkola empya ez'ebitongole ebipya bya njawulo mu Amerika.

Okutegeera Endowooza z’Eby’obufuzi n’Obufuzi bw’Ebitundu eby’Omu Nsi

Enjigiriza zino bwe zibeera, zireetebwawo endowooza entuufu ku kusasula emisolo, enteekateeka z'obuweereza, amateeka, n'obukulembeze. Enjigiriza ezisinga okukozesebwa mu kukwata eby'okugatta awamu ebika by'obukulembeze mu nsi, zizingiramu:

  • LIABErisamu / Progression: Gavumenti etwala obuwagizi obw'enjawukana mu by'enfuna era n'eby'enfuna ng'esobola okuyamba abantu okugonjoola enjawukana mu by'enfuna. Ebiwandikiro biwagira emirimu gya lukale, emisolo, n'obulabirizi. Bayibibwa ng'eky'okugaziya amayumba, obubeezi, n'obutebenkevu n'enteekateeka eza kampuni.
  • Enzigi n'empandika ez'ekika kya 'Conservat': Essirassions ekifuze mu gavumenti, obusobozi, n'obusuubuzi. Abantu ab'omu bitundu eby'eb'omu nsi eyo bayinza okuteekamu endowooza nti tebeesiga, okutya emisolo egya waggulu, ebiragiro ebipya, n'okugaziwa kw'enkola ya bannaazo. Bwe bagoberera enkola eno, kibanguyira okukkufugibwako, nga ekibuga kya waggulu, nga kikkirizibwa okukkirizibwa oba okuteekawo amateeka agafuga ebizingirwamu, gamba ng'okusasula emisolo gy'ebintu n'ebirimu n'okussa obukulemberwa obunene.
  • [[NKULA]] Obusobozi bw'ebifo obwa bulijjo: Kino kireetera abantu okwefuga bokka oba gavumenti obutabaako ky'ekola mu bujjuvu mu mitendera gyonna. Abantu mu bitundu bya gavumenti gye babeera bakyasinze okuzibuwalirwa okukolagana ne gavumenti, era bayinza okukitwala nti buli nzirukanya empya ey'obufuzi ebakugira eddembe. Bayinza okwagala enteekateeka ez'obuweereza obwa nnannyini nnyumba, oba entegeka ya kampuni ku kibiina.
  • Obu Papa: Buyinza okusalako ennyiriri ez'oku kkono emirundi mingi nga tebeesiga bannakyewa n'ebibiina ebyategekebwa. Omuntu ayinza okubaamu omukka gwa politics singa ab'obuyinza mu kibuga oba mu ggwanga bakitwala nti tazitwala ng'enkulu, oba singa ategeera nti zaaggwebwako abantu ab'ebibuga, ez'enjawulo. Naye, ziyinza okuvaamu obuzibu singa akawayiro ako kalabika nga pputoozi y'enkola ey'ekika kya Politiki.

Ebirala bino tebirina kye bikola ku mbeera y'obulamu. Bikolagana n'ebyafaayo, omuwendo gw'abantu, embeera z'eby'enfuna, n'amateeka agafuga ekitundu ekimu. Okugatta ku ekyo, endowooza ziyinza okusibuka ku kugatta endowooza ezo: abantu bayinza okuzikwatako olw'okuba zeesigama ku ndowooza ezisingawo era n'okusobozesa abo abaagala okugattibwako ebintu nga bagoberera amateeka g'omu kitundu, amateeka agakwata ku misolo, n'ensalawo ey'okukolera ku nsi.

Endagaano Enkola ey’Okuyonja

Okugawulibwa kwe nkola ekiwandikiro gye kitegeka mu kibiina ekikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu kibuga oba mu kibuga. Ebisaanyizo byennyini bisinziira ku kyalo, naye bingi bizingiramu okusaba, okunoonyereza, okuwulirwa mu lujjudde, n'okulonda abantu abangi ababa bakwatiddwa. Eggwanga ezimu zeetaaga enkunsi okuva mu kibiina oba ku kakiiko k'eggwanga, ate ebirala bikkiriza okukolagana n'okulonda obutongole obwa nnannyini. Ebizitowa eby'amateeka bisobola okubeera eby'amaanyi ne byetaagisa eby'obugagga eby'ensimbi, eby'omu mateeka, obukugunjufu n'okubukola mu by'obufuzi.

Enjigiriza z'eby'obufuzi ziyinza okukkaatiriza obusobozi bw'okuteekawo enteekateeka y'okussaawo amateeka mu kifo eky'okuteekamu enzivuunula y'amateeka. Mu kifo eky'okukakaatika endowooza z'ebyobufuzi, abawagizi bayinza okuteeka essira ku kussaawo enkola ey'okukwata amakonko, okussaawo amasomero ga gavumenti, oba okuteekawo abasirikale abavunaanyizibwa mu nkyukakyuka. Mu kifo eky'enkola, bannabyabufuzi bayinza okussa essira ku ku misolo egya wansi, ebiragiro ebitono, n'obukuumi okuva ku ku kukkiririmu obusingako obunene. Okunoonyereza okutakkirizibwa kuyinza okufuuka okuleetawo enkyukyuka ku nsonga ezikwata ku nfuna ssente z'emirimu eginaavaamu, n'okukulaakulana mu by'ebyenfuna, nga buli kitundu ekiyinza okubaamu obuyinjanjaakula okuva mu misolo gy'ebiva mu misolo ebya bulijjo.

Engeri Enkyukakyuka mu Kintu ky’Okwawulawulawo gye Enkola

Abantu ab’Eddembe: Okubeera mu Buwagizi ng’Ekisobozesa Okufuga Obulungi

Omuntu okusobola okufuna obuyinza obw'omu mateeka n'okusobozesa okufuna ssente ezeetaagisa okukola ebigendererwa ebigenda bigoberera enkola. Bwe kitaba kya kampuni, afugibwa gavumenti y'ensi eyo eyinza okumanyisa ebigikwatako, obutayanguyiriza, oba obutasobola kutuusa ku bantu b'ebyetaago byabwe. Bwe baggyetaaza, bayinza okugoberera ekiwandiiko ekisobozesa abantu okukola emirimu egibagwana obulungi, okubeesaawo obubenje, okuteeka mu ntegeka, n'okuteeka amayumba ge basuubira.

Akabonero akalaga nti olukalala lw'ebifo mu Bayike emirundi mingi kisangibwa mu bitundu eby'ebuvanjuba, gamba nga Berkeley ne[FLT]] Francisco[ San[ (nga bwe wabadde nga waakabuzibwa, ate era nga waakayitayo ennaku zino akawayiro 20211 kakebe nga k'otabaddeko okkirizidwamu. Faig [[FLT:], California] [Alameda County]] [ka) okugyamu ebitundu ebimu olw'okwegomba okw'okukakala okukakala mu n'okwerinda. Oluvanyuma lwo olulimu olumu, olumu abantu baatwala ng'okutuwanya ebiwanduko nga bwe kiba nga bateebereza okugula eby'ebyakali.

Ebitongole Ebigabanyizibwamu: Okuziyiza oba Okutyoboola

Abantu abava mu mawanga agamu bayinza okwegendereza okugayingira kubanga gazingiramu emisolo emipya, eky''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' . Naye okumenya empepeesa kiyinza okufuula obuyambi singa wasigalawo obugattiddwa.[1] K'awukawawawawawawawa abantu obubangibwawo, kubanga kitwala nti ekibanguyira okukendeeza ku ngeri y'okwekuuma obulamu: okusasula emisolo, okukkiriza amayumba ag'amaka agamu, n'okukugira ebitongole eby'obuyigirize.

Ekitongole ekimanyiddwa ennyo kye Springs, Georgia. Mu 2005, abatuuze b'akabuga kano aka Atlanta akaasaabali nga kaky'okusesa obunene baayungibwamu, okusingira ddala okuggibwawo mu kibuga kya Atlanta, ekyatwalibwa ng'eyawulibwamu era nga tekiddibwamu nnyo. Sandy Springs kye kibuga ekyasooka mu Georgia okwegatta ku myaka 50, era ne kivaamu obuwanguzi bwakyo obwava mu bitundu by'ensi bingi eby'omuluka. Ekibuga ekippya kyasaba kumpi emirimu gyonna egikolebwa mu bantu, ne kisigala nga gikkirizidwa wansi era nga gavumenti teyewagira ddala.

Ebitundu Ebikolebwako Enjawulo: Okukyawa Gavumenti Empya

Mu byalo, mu Bisewast ne Midwast, gye kitera okutwalibwa ng'eky'akabi eri eddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu. Abatuuze balowooza nti gavumenti y'ensi eno eyamala edda okuba ntono, yandyagadde gavumenti eya kampuni eyinza okukakaatika ekiwandiiko eky'okuzimba ebizimbe, layisensi z'eby'obusuubuzi, oba amateeka agakwata eby'ennyogo.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Storey County, Nevada, nga zino zizingiramu ekibuga Virginia City, okukubagana ebirowoozo ku butaka okumala emyaka mingi. Wadde ng'obugenyi n'obukkulembezi bisobodde okuleetawo ebiwandiiko oba emirimu, abantu bangi abamaze ebbanga ddene baleme okubufuna nga basinziira ku ndowooza nfugendo, era nga bagamba nti “obufuzi kizibu.” Okugaana okwo kweyongera bwe kuba nga kusobola okutaasa emmotoka ne poliisi, era nga bwe kiyinza okulaga nti tekuli kutuuka ku bunene bw'okuteekawo obuvunaanyizibwa ku by'enjigiriza.

Okunoonyereza ku Buzibu mu Kunoonyereza Ebikwata ku Bulamu bw’Abantu

Austin, Texas: Omuntu ali mu kibuga Liberal Core

Ebyafaayo bya Austin nga ekibuga ekigattiddwa bigendera wamu nnyo n'enkyukakyuka z'eby'obufuzi. Okuva mu 1970 n'okweyongerayo, gavumenti y'omu kibuga Austin ebadde nkola ya bunnakyewa mu nkola ezigenda zitambula: amateeka agakwata ku butonde, okutunda ebikolerwako ebikoleebwa, okuteeka amayumba ag'ebbeeyi, era gye buvuddeko awo, enkyukakyuka mu kukozesa ekifo eky'okukifuula eky'amaanyi. Ekiragiro kino kye kimu ku bigambo ebigamba nti ekibuga kino kyeyamanjubaanyi okukibwawo n'okuwakanya ebika bya kampuni mu bya kabuga.

Kyokka, ne mu Austin, endowooza ziwakanyizibwa. Enkola y'ekibuga ey'amaanyi ey'okukwataganya ebintu mu 1990 ne mu matandika ga 2000, yaleetawo oludda olw'okukiikirira mu Nsozi eziriraanyeewo, gye zibeera nga PFlugerville[ era ne K]K kweyagatta okukuuma ebiwandiiko byazo ebizingirwa mu misolo ne okuziyiza Austin'okubuyinza okubutuukiriza obuwandisi. Bino ebizikwata ku n'obukwakulizo byakkirizibwa okukisibwa, nga ekitebe eky'eby'obugagga n'okutaawula ku “GGGUUU].

Byalo mu makkati mu bujjuvu: Endowooza nti waliwo ekikkirizibwa okukyuuka mu kifo kya kyo

Emitala gy'ekyalo Midwest, ebitundu by'ensi ebisaanyewo tebirina bufuge, era nga bifugibwa obutuuti. Mu bitundu nga , Iowa, Kansas, ne Nebraska, endowooza ez'obufuzi n'okubuusabuusa ebiwangwa bya gavumenti, biremesezza ebikumi n'ebikumi n'ebikumi n'ebikumi ebitono okunoonya embeera mu bisangibwa mu bitundu ebyo, ne bwe kiba nga kiwagidde omulimu gw'eby'enfuna. Okubuuza abakulembeze b'eggwanga kulaga nti “ensi erina enkola eya kkopi eyo eya bulijjo, emalako ate gavumenti y'esobola okugaana okugyako obukyayi. Okuwakanya kuno kweyongera olw'eddiini n'ebitiibwa eby'okwemalirira mu mulimu.

Ebivaamu birabika: ebifo ebitabaamu bikolerwamu mirimu gamba ng'okugootaanya ebitongole ebikola ku by'obudde, okukebera oba okuddaabiriza migwagwa, ebiyinza okulemesa ebyetaago by'eby'enfuna okulongooka n'okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obulamu. Kyokka, ebikolerwa ku bizineesi zino bikkirizibwa kubanga bakolera ku ndowooza y'ensi nti okusasula emisolo mitono era n'okukugira ebiragiro ebitono. Abakola enkola eno bazibuwaza okutereeza emirimu: engeri y'okulongoosaamu aw'okuyingiza tekusobozesa kutandika kutandika kukwata ku nkola ya bannannyini.

Entalo mu Mambuka ga Bukiika Kkono: Ennimi ez’Eby’Obulamu mu Metropolitan Fringe

Oboolyawo tewali kifo eky'enkola ey'obulombolombo ekirabika okusinga mu nsonda ez'omu bibuga ebikulu. Abantu bano batera okugattika endowooza nga bava mu byalo eby'enjawulo."Libaala okuva mu byalo ebisangibwa awamu abatuuze aba bulijjo aba bulijjo aba bulijjo abangi. Akakwate kayinza okuleetawo ennyiriri ez'amaanyi. Awake County , akakwakkulizo aka kateebwawo aka nga kannel'abatuuze aba bulijjo.[FT:3] Ekiragiro kino kisobola okwanika ennyiriri empya ez'olububonero. [[FLT:] mu kifo ky'ekitebe kya Raliegh] kye baateesaako okumala emyaka mingi, era nga bakolagana ne gavumenti y'abatunzi abalungi bannagw'abamu bannaggwenyi abangi baaw'omu ‘ bannat'omuthentirbaast.

Eby'okukola ebifaananako ebyo ebyakolebwa mu Douglas County, Colorado, ebifo ebitakkirizibwamu kumpi ne Denver ebitwalibwa okuba nga bifuuka biyingizibwa. Abatuuze mu kibuga baali baagala ekibuga ekiteekateeka ebifo ebisookerwako, obuwere, n'obusobozi bw'abantu ab'enjawulo; abaali baagala okuteeka emisolo mu nnono n'okulemererwa okutuuka ku kkomo eri'ebiragiro. Wabula, baaleka abantu abo nga tebalina kabubonero ke kaddanyuma, ne kampukusi bye babadde nga bakuuma obunene bw'akakwakkusi.

Okunoonyereza ku by'emirala ne ku Ttivi ku Kunoonyereza ku Kwegatta

Wadde ng'obujulizi bungi buwa obukakafu, ekitongole eky'okunoonyereza ku quatority kiwa obukakafu nti endowooza z'eby'obufuzi ziyinza okutegeeza nti ebinaavaamu bijja kuvaamu. Okunoonyereza nga kukozesa ebiwandiiko eby'omutindo gwa Amereka ebiva mu mpandiika y'obujulizi n'empandika z'obukulembedde nga zigobereddwa mu kibiina kya Cooperative Couperational Eprogation Study) kizudde nti:

  • Ebitongole ebikuba omuwendo gw’abantu abakuba obululu bitera okuyiga okugatta awamu, naddala mu bifo ebyatundibwa edda.
  • Ebitundu ebitegekebwa bitera okubaamu obulagizi bwabyo ne bwe biba nga tebirinako n'obukola bwabyo, era bwe bibaamu, bikola bwe bikozesa “obusobozi obutono, ekibanja ekiba kiwandikiddwa.”
  • Obusosoze mu bantu buleetera abantu okukolagana obulungi n'abantu abalala; abantu ab'ebika eby'enjawulo balwanirizibwa olw’empaka eziva ku ndowooza ezikontana ezikwata ku kigendererwa kya gavumenti empya.

Okunoonyereza kuno okwafulumira mu magazini nga Urban Affairs Review ne [[FLT]] Joonnal of Uganda Affairs[[, kiraga nti okwegatta ku bantu tekuli kusalawo kwa tekinologiya oba kwa bya nfuna naye kusinziira ku by'obufuzi okuleetawo enkalu n'enjereere ku nkola eya demokulase.

Okunoonyereza ku Kkubo ly’Okuteekateeka Obulungi

Abakola embalirira, abakungu mu by'enfuna, n'abakola enkola za gavumenti, bwe bategeera engeri endowooza ey'okugatta awamu gye ziyinza okutereeza ebizingirwamu. Enkola ez'enddala ezissa essira ku kwekenneenyeza ebizingirwa mu kuteeka mu nkola, okusobozesa okuteeka mu nkola emirimu, n'okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna ziyinza okulemererwa okuleetera abantu okulekera awo okwesiga gavumenti oba obutatwala bweyamo bwesige ku mutindo gwayo. Enkola ennungi zizingiramu:

  • Akawayiro akayamba abantu okutegeera nti waliwo amateeka agayinza okubayamba obutafuna buzibu kufuga bantu. Mu bantu ababeera mu bitundu ebya bulijjo, baggumiza nti okugatta emisolo n'okugatta ebibuga ebikolerwamu tekirina kye ky'etaaga ate era nti mu biseera eby'omulembe kiyinza okusobozesa abantu okufuna obuwagizi mu kussaawo gavumenti ey'ekika ekyo. Mu bitundu bingi, abantu basobola okulaga nti tebasobola kukola ku nteekateeka za gavumenti ez'ekika kya ggwanga oba nti tezisobola kugigoberera.
  • Kakwate ka nkola ezikwata ku kukwataganya endowooza ez'enjawulo. Abantu mu kitundu gye basobola okunyumya n'okulaga endowooza zaabwe n'engeri gye bayinza okukolaganamu n'emitindo gyabwe (um'okugeza, okugatta n'okugatta ebizingirwamu mu kifo ekimu ekireetera okukola ku bintu).
  • [[AKMENT:0] Akawayiro kano kakireetera abo abeeteekateeka okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'ebigendererwa ate nga bakkiriza endowooza ezikontana.[[KY'OKUKYAMU] Abo abeeteekateeka basobola okuvaamu essente n'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi, naye era balina okulaga nti bye bateebereza ebiri mu nnukuta ezo n'engeri endowooza ez'enjawulo gye ziyinza okunnyonnyonnyolwamu mu ngeri ya njawulo.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Akawayiro akategese kayinza okukkirizibwa mu bantu abat'amanyidde ddala enkola eyo mu bujjuvu. Era nga bannabyamaguzi bategeeza nti omuliro, amazzi oba ebifo ebiba bizingirwamu nga tebikoledde gavumenti esobola okubaamu ekigendererwa kya munnabyo. Ebifo ebyo bikkirizibwa mu bantu abangi n'abo abatya okukkirizibwa mu tteeka eriba libaliraanyewo.

fundikira

Endowooza z'eby'obufuzi tezirina bigendererwa bitali bya bulijjo ku bikwata ku kusalawo okw'okugatta; era n'ensonga endala zonna zikwatibwako. Bwe ziraga nti z'oyagala enkyukakyuka ezeeyongera mu maaso, nga zitya nti gavumenti ziyinza okukwekebwa, oba nga ziwagidde okukendeeza ku buwangwa bw'eby'enfuna, endowooza abantu ze babuuza gavumenti y'ewaabwe okukola, ssente ze bateekeddwa okusasula, era oba nga baagala kampuni zibeere nga zisobola okuzisasula. Okusiima endowooza eno kisobozesa abakwabirizi b'eby'enfuna n'abateeyigirizi okulekawo eby'obugagga obwa bulijjo n'okukolagana n'ebifo eby'omuwendo ebirabika mu bitundu. Enteko, nga zigenda zeyongera, nga zikola munnabyawuka n'obuteenjigiriza, era nga zijja kuba zaakulaakulaakulaakulaakulaakulaakula, nga zigoberera enkola ya bannannyini ey'obugunjula.