Okutandika: Emirimu ku Buyinza

Obukulembeze bwa Amereka butera okwogerwako ng'ekifo eky'amaanyi ennyo mu nsi. Kyokka, abo abakola olukalala lw'amateeka, abeegendereza okugatta obujoozi bwe baali bawanyisizza, ne batandikawo sistemu omuli amaanyi ga prezidenti gye gaabeera , era nga yazibwa olukalala lwa lukalala lwa mateeka[. Amateeka gano tegagoberera ndowooza za bannakyewa; ge musingi gwa demokulasenti eya Amereka okufuga. Ekiragiro kikoma okukoma ku buyinza bwa demokulasebwa bannakyewanti nga kikozesa enkola essatu: okwawula amaanyi, okukebera n'okukubaganya. Ekitundu kino kikebera buli lukalala lwonna olw'obugazi, era n'ensonga lwaki bakyekebeetaagisa okumanyisa.

Enteekateeka y’Etteeka: Ekitundu II n’Okuziyiza Obuteefuga

Amanya ga prezidenti gaannyonnyolwa mu [[FL:0] Article II owa Constitution . Obutafaananako Akatundu I, akawa Congress olukalala olunene olw'obuyinza, Akatundu II kampimpimpi bumpimpi era kafuga. Amateeka gagiwa “obuyinza obwa nnakatoffaali omu" mu mu pulezidenti omu era gawa olukalala olulina obuyinza obutali bumu: okuweereza ng'Omukungu Omukulu, okusonyiwa, okussaawo endagaano (n'okubuulirira n'okusemba), okulonda ababaka n'abalamuzi (okusembegakkiriza mu kkooti), era n'okukakasa nti amateeka gatuukiriza obutuufu. Bino bikakasibwa mu bugenderevu. proferenti eyo teriimu k'obuyinza bw'okulangirira, okugulumiza, okukuŋŋaanya emisolo, oba okuteekawo amateeka agamu ku nkola eya gavumenti.

Abafumbo baagobereranga nnyo obufirosoofo bw'eby'obufuzi, naddala Empandiika ezikola ku bufuge[[FOLT:1], okulaga nti amateeka gawa obutuufu. Mu Federalist No. 51, James Madison yagamba nti “obukwasi bulina okubuziyiza.” Ng'ayawulamu amaanyi mu matabi esatu, buli emu erina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enjawulo era n'obulabirizi obwetaasaanidde, Constitution egikaluuza esobole okuba enko obuzibu eri ofiisi y'eggwanga lyonna.[Foctive:] Pulezidenti teri kabaka; y'alondebwa okufugibwa amateeka nga buli mu buli mutuuze.

Okwawukanira Ddala Amaanyi: Entikko y’Emusingi

Omusingi ogw'okwawulawo ab'obuyinza guyawulamu gavumenti ya gavumenti mu matabi asatu ag'enjawulo: empandika eya bulijjo [O], etegeeza ekiwero [[ [e] nga [nnukuta], era ['empandika]. Buli ttabi likozesa amaanyi galyo gokka agafuga empandika zalyo era nga teriyinza kuyingira mulala. Kino kitegeeza nti tasobola kutemagana, okumenya empakaanyi, oba okufuga embalirira y'enkola yaago. Ka tusooke tunoonyereze engeri buli ttabi gye lisalawo engeri gye lifugamu.

Amatabi Agaatandikibwawo Omukulembeze

Congress alina obuyinza bwa sawo, amaanyi ag'okulangirira entalo, n'amaanyi amakulu agasobozesa amateeka gonna okutuukiriza emirimu gyayo egiba gitasengekeddwa. Pulezidenti ayinza okuteekawo amateeka n'okussaawo akakwakkulizo aka k'ekibiina, naye congress yokka esobola okuyisa ebisale[ by'amateeka. Kino kye kkomo lya maanyi nnyo: ne bwe kiba kyangu kitya prezidenti okulaba amateeka, tayinza kugateekawo nga tewalina kiwandiiko. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Pulezidenti Franklin D. Rooselts New Faicial, ebiteesitemu bya Programme, ne bwe byawagirwa mu bukwakulizo bwa bakungu baakulu mu lukiiko olukulu era ne bayisa ebigo.

Ate era, Congress esobola okusumulula n'ebitundu ebibiri mu bisenge byombi nga kikozesa ebitundu bibiri mulalabitu, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu kitundu ekyasooka. Amaanyi gano agafuga obunene gakakasa nti pulezidenti tasobola kuteekawo mateeka agaziyiza okusattulula ebyamalanga okukolebwa. Okugatta ku ekyo, Consert esobola okusemba ebitongole bya bannaakyewa nga bisobola okukomya enteekateeka za pulezidenti.

Okukugira Amatabi Okufuga Omukulembeze w’Ettabi

Kkooti y'esazesezza ennyo, naddala eyo ey'omusawo ow'oku ntikko , erina amaanyi ga ag'okwekenneenya ebifa ku nfuze. Obuyinza obwo okutongoza ebiragiro ebya pulezidenti tebyatongozebwa mu kifo kya tteeka. Obuwagizi bwatongodde mu kifo eky'enkyukakyuka -bustory v. Madison [187]] [183] [803]), gavumenti eno ekkiriza kkooti z'abafuzi b'obuyinza okumenya amateeka, era n'ebikolwa ebitongole ebitongoza ebireetera okusukka enk kkomo lya mu lukalala. Ekyokulabirako ekimanyiddwa kye kiri [[FLT:][xFLT][5][197], olukulu ennyo olukiiko olukulu olwalagira omukulembeze Richard Niko, nga yeegaana ennyiritiibwa by'okugibwa.

Kkooti era zeddamu okwekenneenya engeri amateeka gye gaafugamu mu nsonga nga Brocumentstown Appex & Tube. Co. Saayyer (1952). Mu ngeri eyo, kkooti enkulu gye yakubamu omukulembeze wa gavumenti Harry Truman obusibe bw'ebyuma mu kiseera kya Ssematalo w' Korea. Kkooti yagamba nti pulezidenti teyalina buyinza bwa ntegeka ya mateeka oba bwa mateeka kukola kintu ng'ekikolwa kino.[1] Ekyokulabirako ekitegeerekeka ekitegeeza nti tekikoma kukwata ku buyinza bwa kyuma.

Engeri Ebiri mu Kabi n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu

Buli ttabi bwe liba lisobola okukugira amatabi amalala, bannabyabufuzi bakebera buyinza bwa voto, okulonda n'endagaano awamu, era n'obuwagizi obw'eby'entalo obugasse wamu.

Amaanyi g’Omunnyo oguyitibwa Veto n’Enno

Pulezidenti asobola okuyisa etteeka lyonna eriyisibwa Congress, nga tamanyidde ddala mateeka. Okukebera kuno kuteebwa kw'amateeka okusinziira ku busobozi bwa Congress okusobozesa okusala akalulu ak'emirundi ebiri mu busawo. Mu byafaayo, tekutera kubaawo nga emirundi 4 ku buli kikumi ku bannaawesi be babadde bakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okuva lwe baateekebwawo. Kyokka, baprelezidenti bamanyi nti ekinvuwaanyi ekiyinza okukyusibwa kyetaakirizibwa, n'olwekyo, balina okukozesa obuyinza obwo mu ngeri ey'amagezi.

Okusisinkana n’Okuyisa Obulungi: Obuyinza Obumu

Pulezidenti asala abalamuzi, abalabirizi, n'abakungu abalala ab'omu ttuluba lya waggulu, naye okulondebwa okwo kwonna kwetaagisa “obujulizi n'okutongoza” obwa Sesmenti. Kino kitegeeza nti abakwana bannabyabufuzi bangi bayinza okuzibaamu akakwakkulizo mu lukiiko olukulu olw'ensonga olw'ensonga egaanye mu 1987. Mu ngeri y'emu, endagaano ezaasabibwa prezida ziteekwa okukkirizibwa bannaalubindi babiri mu lukiiko olukulu olw'ensi yonna, nga bwe kiyinza okutta endagaano ez'ensi yonna nga endagaano eza Rekoodooti (nga tezirina kukakasibwa, U.S. tewagira kiwandikiro kino ne kirebera nti pulezi wa gavumenti z'amawanga zirebwawo okuva mu lukiiko lw'omuna judia.

Amaanyi g’Entalo: Congress, so si Mukulembeze

Constitution ewa Congress obuyinza bwokka obw'okuyisa entalo, nga bw'efuula pulezidenti omukulu mu ggye lya ggye oluvannyuma lw'olutalo era nga wabaawo obulumbaganyi. Ekibiina kino kyakolebwa okuziyiza omukungu okuggya eggwanga mu ntalo nga tewali lukusa lwa mateeka. Kyokka, bapresidenti ab'omu kiseera kino bataddewo abasirikale awatali kulayira kwa bulijjo okulwana (g. Korea, Vietnam, Iraq). Mu kuddamu, Conssions yayisa Ekiwandiiko kya Ekiwandiiko kya Pricity of stances ku munnaawumba w'eggwanga Nixon's toto, nga basuubira pulezidenti okutegeeza abasirikale mu masaawa 48 okuva mu magye era n'okuva mu kifo kya 60 okukikkiriza okuteedenti yaaaaaaaweera. Wadde ekiteeso si ky'ensonga ya k'enfo ya k'entalo.

Bye Bakozesa Bikontana: Ebyo Pulezidenti by'Atasobola Kukola

Ekiragiro kino kiwa prezidenti buyinza bwokka[FLT]].]]

Ebiragiro n'ekirango bitera okuleetawo obutakkaanya. Wadde nga birina obuyinza ku mateeka, biteekwa okusibuka ku tteeka oba ku buyinza bwa prezidenti. Ekiragiro bwe kiba nga ebiragiro ebya bamaneja bikontana n'amateeka agaliwo oba nga bigobererwa, kkooti ziyinza okukikuba. Ku luuyi lumu, kkooti enkulu ziteekwa okuba nga zatongoza omukulembeze w'ekitongole kya Pulezidenti Back Obama enkola ey'okuyingira obutuuze mu United States v.[FLT:][16], nga zisalawo nti ekiragiro kimenye ekiragiro ekyo kimenyemenye Bulaakebwa Claus. Olugambo luno lwennyini luteekeddwako ekkomo: l'okulabirira pulezidenti Barack Obama mu bukakafu nti amateeka gamalibwa mu bwesigwa, tayinza kugaana kugoberera mateeka oba okuteekawo amateeka ge.

Okufaayo ku kaana ka Claus ng’Ekkomo

Akatundu II, Ekitundu 3 kilagira pulezidenti okukakasa nti amateeka “gamalibwawo bulungi.” Olugabo luno lugaana pulezidenti okusuula omuguluka amateeka oba okuzza obutuuti mu kifo ky'amateeka agayagaliza abo abateekebwawo akakiiko akategesi. Kino kitegeeza nti amateeka ag'okuzikiriza tegakkirizibwa kufuga bannakyewa. Bakoddoozesebwa baleme kugaana oba okukaka obukwakkulizo bw'okuyingira mu ggwanga oba okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku by'obusuubuzi oba ebiragiro ebikwata ku nkula y'obutonde bw'ensi. Wadde nga bannassawo bannakyewabukkiro, tebasobola kutuukiriza buvunaanyizibwa obuva mu ku ku kyamateeka.

Obunafu Obulala mu Ssaddaaka ne mu by’obufuzi

Ng’oggyeko okukebererwa, waliwo engeri endala nnyingi ezikugira obuyinza bwa prezidenti, ezimu ne ziteekebwa mu Mateeka n’endala okuyitira mu kugoberera amateeka.

Okwesiga Endowooza: Ekiruubirirwa ky’Obufuzi Ekisembayo

Akatundu II, Ekigaba Ekitundu 4 kiwa obukakafu nti prezidenti, omumyuka wa prezidenti, omumyuka w'obukulembeze, era n'abakungu bonna mu Amerika bajja kuggibwa mu bukulembeze nga basuubira okubonerezebwa, okulya enguzi, oba obumenyi bw'amateeka obulala obw'amaanyi. Ennyumba y'Ababaka erina obuyinza bwenkana obusingawo (nga abasinga obungi), era Akakiiko akalonda kalina okusala omusango ne kalina okusalirwa obujulizi. Okusala omusango ogwo gujja kuba mungi nnyo mu by'obufuzi, so si mumenyi w'amateeka.

Okunoonyereza n’Okwetegereza Ebitundu

Congress ayinza okunoonyereza ku nsonga yonna ekwata ku bakulu b'obukiiko obutegesi, ebisaze ebiba bitegekeddwa, era n'elipoota. Okunoonyereza kuno kusobola okwanika ebikolwa ebibi, okukyusa endowooza za bantu, era ne kuviirako okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'amateeka. obuyinza obw'okufuga obufuga obufuga ofiisi [ bulagibwa mu kakiiko akafuzi. Obubonero obuzingiramu okunoonyereza okw'amaanyi okw'omu Watergate, Iranty, Conftation, Confton, ne k'awunzika wa Gavume okukolagana ne . Pulezidenti bw'egaana okukolagana ne[5] Kkootikko, ng'eraga ensonga enkulu eyinza okuk'okunnyonnyola ensonga eyo. Kkootikko. Kkootikko. Mzarmentirmenti y'ak'ewanjulaak'ennyonnyola ensonga eyo, wadde nga ya promodentinga ku nsonga eyo.

Amaanyi g’Emmere

Congress afuga embalirira y'ensi yonna wansi w'Akatundu I, Ekitundu 9. Pulezidenti asaba embalirira y'entongole, naye singa Congress yokka takkiriziganya n'ebyo pulezidenti by'akulembeza, asobola okusumulula ebitongole oba programu z'abakungu. Pulezidenti Thomas Jefferson kennyini yakkiriza ekkomo lino: “Simanyi bulungi bulagizi ku maanyi gonna agafuga abantu wabula abantu bennyini; era singa tulowooza nti tebatendekebwa bulungi mu kufuga mu ngeri ey'amagezi, eddagala teririna kubwewanya, wabula okutegeeza ab'obuyinza ku ddembe lyabwe.”

Ebyokulabirako eby’Ebyafaayo eby’Amaanyi ga Prezidenti Gali n’Enkomerero

Amateeka tegakkiriza kuteebereza buteebereza buteebereza.

Olukalala 1: Steel Seizere Case (1952)
Mu kiseera kya Ssematalo w'e Korea, Pulezidenti Harry Truman yalagira okunya envumbo eza kisike ez'ekyuma okwetongoza okusiimula ekigamba nti yaleme okukomya omulimu gw'okutandikawo olutalo. Kkooti enkulu yafuga 6-3 nga pulezidenti teyalina buyinza kukola bweyaamu. Omulamuzi Hugn Black yawandiikira nti: “Obwa Prezidenti, singa wabaawo akkiriza ekiragiro okukuba ekikolebwa mu kkompewo oba mu Mateeka agamu. Era n'ekkomera, teriragira nti omusirikale w'omupiira gwa bannazo gukomezebwawo. Kkooti eyo y'eyolekedde mu nkola y'okulabirira ensonga mu kibiina kya gavumenti.

[FLT][FLT][FON] Obubonero 2: Watergate ne United States v. Nixon (7974)
pulezidenti Richard Nixon yawa olukusa olw'enkizo olw'okugaana okuwandiisa tepiidi obwa n'obuwandiikizo obwa bulijjo. Kkooti enkulu yakkiriza okuwakana ebigambo ebyo, era n'eba nga eteekwa okuvaamu obujulizi mu mbuga z'abamenyi b'amateeka. Nixon yawalirizibwa okufulumyako obujulizi obwamu ku nsonga ze. Kkompita y'ensonga eyo teri ku lukalala olwo. Kkookolokko ekyo kyalaga nti omuwaabi b'obuyinza w'obuyinza obwa waggulu [FFFF:]

[[NKULA:0][FLT] Empandika 3: Ekirala etegeeza okusoomoozebwa kwa bannabyabufuzi ne Libya (201)
Prezidenti Ballack Obama bwe yakkiriza okukuba empewo mu Libya nga tennakkirizibwa, abawaayiriza baamenyawo ku Kkomyawo Kkubo. Abatuuti baafuga baawakanya nti omulimu teguyinza kuleetawo “bikolwa ebizingirwamu. Empakaanyi ebya 60 empalana ebya bulijjo wakati w'omukulu wa pulezidenti n'obuyinza obw'ennamba. Wadde nga tewali kkooti ey'ebyobufuzi efuga ensonga, n'ebyobufuzi ebyamenyesebwa mu magyeewawabuteempala ne mu mateeka.[FY'empala'empala'empakaamenyamenyemenyeka mu mateeka.[F]

Empaka ez'Omulembe: Ensengeka z'abafuzi, National Emeratments, ne Unitary Ensery Theory

Enkaayana ezitera okukolebwa ku nsonga obanga prezidenti yasoberwa mu lukalala lwa mateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okukozesa ebiragiro okuwa ekiragiro kino n'okuteekawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu nkola y'amateeka (umg., A desiredred Action for Applications) kisobeddwa mu kkooti, nga n'ebivuddemu bingi. Mu ngeri y'emu, ba prezidenkola bannaa bakkereza enkola ya '[FLT:] Emercioctive Act okukola enkambirira ssente okuzza enkambirira awatali ku nfumo za bannazo nga tezikkiriza abawanulizi abawaakirizi banna. [FFGUR.NF:] Kino kiviiridde ddala mu n'empala y'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'amaanyi mu Nfunze, nga y'omulembedde mu Ntengo za gavumenti, ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebiwandiridde, ebibadde biwagira enkola egoberera enkola ekozesebwa okuwagira okuwagira enkola y'oku

Empeera: Emirimu Egifuga Endagaano Empya

Ebiremwawo gwa Constitution ku buyinza bwa prezidenti si bya demokulase; bikulu nnyo okukuuma empandika eya demokulase eya bulijjo abalonde gye babadde basuubira. Mu kwawulawo amaanyi n'ebipimo, era ne yawulamu ab'obuyinza abamu, Constitution kikakasa nti prezidenti avunaanyizibwa eri Consement, kkooti, era n'abantu. Ebyokulabirako bya Nixon, Truman, n'ebirala biraga nti ebiwandiiko bino bikkirizibwa. Abayizi n'abayigiriza nabo balina okukitegeera nti amaanyi ga prezidenkola mu kisomero ekitegekebwa okuziyiza okuyisibwa obubi. Okutegeera ekikongookebwa kino kikulu eri omutuuze yenna. Okusobola okweyongera okukebera [FL:] ANFFF:[1] era n'akyukase.[5]