Enteekateeka y’Etteeka ey’Eby’Obukuumi

Mu nkola za demokulase, ssemateeka awa ab'obuyinza obufuga ensi. Agumenti I ey'omu mateeka ga Amerika, ewa Consective amaanyi okulangirira entalo, okuteekawo n'okuwagira amagye, okuteekawo n'okukuuma ggye lya demokulase. Ekiragiro bwe kityo bwe kiri ne mu masaza amalala agafuga, era amateeka gakkirizibwa okuteeka amateeka agafuga amatwale ga gavumenti, era ek'enkola ya palamenti ne gakkiriza okuteekebwawo amatwale g'amagye. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti abakiikirira abantu bateekwa okugawa obulagiziko obutereevu mu nsonga ez'obulamu n'okufa, era ne kiziyiza omukungu omu ow'obuyinza obw'amagye obutafuga.

Nga wayiseewo emyaka egisukka mu ginamba w'entalo, amasosiyeeti galaga entegeka ez'enkola ez'okussaawo entegeka ez'okulabirako ebitongole eby'okumanya byonna ebikwata ku nkola z'obugezi, programu ez'okulabirako n'enkola za bannalukalala. .[FLT]

Enkola y’Edda mu Nkola y’Edda

Oboolyawo, sirvier tervices z'eggwanga zikozesa enkola y'enkyukakyuka mu by'entongole. Okunoonyereza okw'eby'okulwanyisa kusobola okuzuula engeri ez'ebyokulwanyisa ebiri mu mulembe oguddako. Mu Amerika, ekiragiro kya National Defense Ilbujance Act ekifuga enkola y'eggwanga ek'enkola y'enkola y'enkola esookerwako. Abawi b'amateeka basalawo buli kimu okulonda enkola y'ekitongole ky'ebyokulwanyisa okusobola okugootaasa ebizirimu, okugaana emirimu egimu (nga okutulugunya oba okuzikkula ebizito byabyo), era balagira ne lipoota okuva ku ofiisi y'obutongole obukola emirimu.

Obukiiko obutegesi ku ntegeka y'enkola y'enkola era bukola nga bukulu mu kulabirira embalirira y'essente ez'oku lukalu. Akakiiko kabuuza abakuumi b'obukuumi obwo ku buli kimu nga bakuba F-35 mu programu era ne bateekateeka kuteekateeka amaterekero ga nukuliyamu. Okutiisibwa kw'ente enzijanjaba kuyinza okuwaliriza nnawookereza ku nkola y'empagi oba okuwa obubaka obusingako mu Palamenti. Mu nkola y'empalamenti, akakiiko kakensa mu kunoonyereza okunoonyereza okusobola okwekuuma ebiwandiiko eby'okwerinda, nga kakakasa nti ssente z'okusasula ebisalebwa zikozesebwa bulungi era nga zigoberera ebyo ebisobolwawo.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kawumpuli ak'omu SOUD aka19, amasomero mangi gaakakasizza ssente ez'okweyimirizaawo ku by'obulamu nga galaga nti ensala y'enkola eyoleka emitindo gy'enkola enfuze gy'enkola ya gavumenti n'ebintu ebiyinza okugootaanya amangu. Ebikolwa ng'ebyo biraga nti amaanyi ga gavumenti gayinza okubaako kye gakola ku maanyi g'amagye.

Enkola z’Okwawula Omuze ogw’Okukola

Okuwulira, Okunoonyereza, n’Okukebera mu Bitongole

Obukulembeze busimbye ku musingi gwa gavumenti. Akakiiko akayimirira mu mayumba ga Congress nga akakiiko akakulumya emirimu gy'enkiiko mu lukiiko olukulu era ne ku kakiiko k'obukuumi aka House Homeland, katuula ku bukiiko obuwuliriza ku nsonga z'eby'obukuumi. Bino bye bitegeeza abakungu abakulu ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'obukuumi.[1] Nga mw'otwalidde n'omukulu w'eggwanga, Omukulembeze w'eggwanga, era n'abakulu b'abasirikale bawa obujulizi nga balayiddwa. Okuwandiika ebigambo n'alipoota ebivuddemu bitegeeza abantu okuteesa n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'amateeka.

Okunoonyereza kukulu nnyo. Nga buyise bwa Ssebutemba 11, Congress yatandikawo 9/11 Commission okunoonyereza ku buzibu bw'eby'amagezi. Ebiragiro bya kakiiko byatwala okukolebwa kw'omu Directory of National Intelligence ne Office of Office of National Intelligence, okuzza ebirowoozo ku bannasayansi mu ngeri y'emu. Mu ngeri y'emu, UK Palamentiment’s Intelligence and Security Committee (IC) kyekeberera omulimu gwa MI5, MH6, ne GCQ, ebifulumya ebiva mu ku kulongoosebwa kw'ebyo ebibalibwa mu ku n'okukulembedde.

Engeri Omusolo gw’Abakessi

Ebitongole ebikola ku nsonga z'eby'obukuumi bitera okuteekawo enkola eza kyetwala mu bitongole ebikola ku by'obukuumi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole ekikebera ebitongole eby'eby'endwadde kikebera ebiwandike ebikwata ku bulyi bw'enguzi, obwa kasasiro, n'okuyisa obubi bannaakyo. Kikakasa nti [DoD] General agence Kiragiro kya Programuntact [[FLT]] ekiri mu lukalala lwa gavumenti, ne kiwa abawi w'amateeka okukebera ebifuga oba okukebera ebifuga bya nnannyini bya bannannyini. Kampulanti eno ekakasa nti emirimu gy'eggwanga gituukagana n'amateeka era nti ekibi kyonna kiweebwa mu bwangu.

Endowooza Enkyamu ku Bizibu Ebigwawo Akaseera

Ekimu ku bifo enkaayana ennyo eby'ensimbi ezikwata ku by'obwannakyewa nga ziwa gavumenti obuyinza mu bwangu. Amasaza n'amateeka biwa abafuzi obusobozi obw'okubaako kye bakola mu bwangu mu bizibu, naye abawi b'amakanisa bateekwa okunnyonnyola obunene n'ekiseera amatwale g'obufuzi kye gandimaze. Mu Amerika, National Emertications Act (1976) kiba kyetaagisa prezida okulangirira mu buwandiike obw'amangu era n'okuteekawo enkola ezisobozesa Consement okubukomya okuyitira mu ku siteesitemu y'ekiragiro. Kyokka, bameeyawundiina bangi bakozesezza okubba ebiteesoosa oba okukomya ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga, oba okusemba abakuumi ba National National Servicesss.

Ekiragiro era kyalaga obukuubagano obuliwo wakati w'obutebenkevu n'obutebenkevu. Abakulembeze okwetooloola ensi yonna baalina okuteekawo ebbeeyi mu kukaka abakungu ba gavumenti okusigira abalabirizi okutambula nga bakyatuukiriza obulagirizi. Abateeba abamu baagezaako okulemesa abafuzi ba buyinza okussaawo amateeka agaabakugira ennyo okuluubirira okukuba empaka, ne bawaliriza okuwakana mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga ku bikwata ku biseera eby'obwangu obw'okulabirira.

Ekyokulabirako ekirala kye ky'ekitongole kya UK ekifuga abantu mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, era nga kisobozesa gavumenti okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku bubenje naye nga kyetaagisa okugateeka mu maaso g'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka. Ekikolwa ekyo era kikugira emitendera gy'obuzibu nga 30 tegikkirizibwa mu lukiiko lwa gavumenti, nga gikakasa nti obufuzi obw'enjawulo bwa kiseera kitono era nga busaanidde okwekenneenyezebwa. Enteekateeka ng'ezo zirina okusobola okusigala nga zigoberera demokulase mu kiseera eky'akazibu.

Okunoonyereza ku Kasasiro: Consert ne Paalimenti y’omu UK

Consell mu Amerika

Olukiiko lw'Amerika luwadde pulezidenti obuyinza okutongoza amagye okuyitira mu kiwandiiko ekikkiriza abantu okukozesa eryato lya Army (AMF). 2001 AUMF, yayisa oluvannyuma lw'omwaka 9 oba 11 era n'awa pulezidenti obuyinza okukozesa “amaanyi gonna agasaanira” okulwanyisa abo abatulumba. Etteeka lino likozeseddwa okulaga nti emirimu gy'amagye ga Afghanistan, Iraq, ne ku luuyi olulala, era ne ku bibiina ebitaaliwo mu 2001, ekibinja ky'ebipartiika mu kampani ekitongole akayitibwa AUMF, kyeyongera okulaga nti olutalo olwo terubaddeko.

Era Congress alina kinene ky'akola mu kutongoza n'okulabirira emirimu. Mu kuteeka akakwakkulizo akakwata ku nkuumi mu kyama eky'omu 1947, pulezidenti alina okutegeeza “madda gano eri obukiiko obukola ekintu kyonna eky'enkunkunala. Kino kyetaagibwa nga tekitegeerekeka bulungi, era nga kiwa abakwasi b'amateeka enzijanjaba y'ekintu ekyakwekebwa. Akakiiko kayinza okugaana ssente ezikozesebwa mu kukwata ku by'okwasisa ssente nga bakuba obusawo ebiwandiiko, ne kibawa abagezi amagezi ku nsonga.

Paalimenti y'ekika kya UK

Mu Bungereza, obuyinza obw'okulangirira entalo bulagibwa nguwo mu buyinza bwa kabaka, naye wazzeewo enkuŋŋaana ezigobererwa mu mateeka ne kiba nti enkyukaanya ekkirizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga ekkirizibwa abaserikale okulwana. mu 2003, gavumenti yanoonya era n'efuna obululu obwa Kakiiko akakkiriza okulumba Iraq, wadde nga akalulu tekaayinza kugattika. Gye buvuddeko awo, mu 2013, Ekigo kya gavumenti kyawandisizza gavumenti okulwana n'okugattika empewo.

Olukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu olw'eggwanga lya UK era lwonoonyeza engeri y'okwerinda nga luyitira ku Kakiiko akalina ebyuma ebikuumibwa, akabuuza ebibuuzo ebikwata ku ebyo ebiva ku biseera eby'omu maaso nga baziyiza eby'okulwanyisa ebya nukuliya. Akakiiko ak'okukwata ku byuma ebibamba'omu nukiriya] kafulumya lipoota ezikwata ku nkola ya gavumenti. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okunoonyereza kwabwe mu programu y'emmotoka ez'ekijax kyavumbula ebisokereza n'obukuumi ebyakasa, ebiviirako omulimu gw'obukwasisiteesi w'eby'okwerinda okuzza ebiko obiwandiiko ebireetebwa n'okulongoosa ebizimbiddwa mu n'okulongoosa ebizimbe.

Ebizibu Bye Tufuna Leero: Obulimba, Obuzibu Obuleeta Obulabe, n’Obukugu

Abakulembeze Abafuga Obukulembeze

Mu Amerika, ekitongole ekikozesa kompyuta kiwa obulagirizi obwategekebwa ku ngeri y'okuteekawo amateeka ageetaaganya emirimu gy'enkola n'enkola za gavumenti. Mu 2015, ekitongole kya Cybersecurity Information Survivation Act (CISA) mu 2015 kikubiriza kampuni abantu okuteekamu obubaka obusobola okutabangula emirembe gy'ensi yonna, kyokka nga n'amateeka gaago gaago gaago ga'asobola okuteekawo amateeka agabakuuma n'okukuuma enteekateeka z'ebintu eby'eby'ennono, okumanyisa oba okuyingiza obukoppekyusiza obubwe mu ku kompyuta. Kyokka, okukuba empakaanyi ku by'ofiibwa, n'okulabira ku by'obanga awatali kuwandika. Abakulembezza mateeka abamu balwanirira “obuwumbi obwa bukyayiri mu n'obuwumbi obw'obuwumbi, wadde nga waliwo abaziyiza okulondoola kyonna eky'obukuumibwa obusobola okuvugibwa obuva mu by'obukuumi.

Mu kiseera kye kimu, ekitongole ekya European Union kyayisa ekitongole ekikola ku nviiri za Internet (NIS) mu 2016, nga kiba kyetaagisa gavumenti okutandika okukola ebintu nga kampuni zisobola okugula amawulire ku kompyuta. Etteeka eryo lyakolebwa mu 2022 okusobola okusasulira ebitundu ebirala era ne kissaawo ebibonerezo eby'amaanyi. Okukwata amateeka mu kifo kino kikulu nnyo kubanga obutego bwa Internet busobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu bwangu, era n'amateeka agava ku lukalala lw'amateeka agava ku lukalala gagoolekawo okutaayinza kunafuwa.

Ebintu Ebiteeka Obubi mu Maaso n’Ebitagambika

Enkola y'obukuumi eriwo mu kiseera kino eremesezza emirembe wakati w'entalo n'emirembe.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya UK eky'ebukiikaddyo-Terrorsism and Bource Security Act 2019 kyaleetawo emisango emirala egikwatagana n'okubunyisibwa kw'ebitabo bya bannalukalala era n'okutendekebwa kw'abantu okukolebwa ba bannalukalala. Ekikolwa ekyo era kiwandiikiddwa ku Intaneeti okumanyisa oba okukifuula eky'enkola mu kusaasaanya amawulire amapya, era nga kino kiviiriddeko okuteeka amateeka mu nkola ekyetaagisa obukujju n'okwewala okumenya enjogeranya eddembe lya bannakyewa.

Obukugu mu Kunoonyereza n’Okukyusa Ebintu

Ebitongole ebikozesa enfuga n'amagezi ebikolera wansi w'amateeka amakyusa enkola era n'enkola entegekebwa ba lukiiko. Ekitongole eky'obutebenkevu ekya 1947, Entelligence Reformation and Terrorism Prevention Act mu 2004, n'amateeka agaddako biwa abateesiteesi b'amagezi amagezi ebiseera ebimu akakisa okutereeza ebisinga obukulu, alipoota eziragira, n'enkyukakyuka mu by'okuddaala. Mu myaka egyakayita, Consements essira litadde ku ku kukyusa enzige z'ebitundu bya Foreignst Surveillance Court, nga bikakasa nti programu ezifaananako n'ebitundu 702 ebya FISA teziganya zireme okumenya eddembe lya bantu ba Amerika ery'okwekolera obwamalanga.

Mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Snowden, ensi nnyingi zaayisa amateeka amapya agakwata ku bulabirizi. Ekitongole kya Bugirimaani ekiyitibwa Federal Intelligence Service Act kyaddamu okussaawo akakiiko k'obulabirizi mu lukiiko lwa palamenti era ne kissaawo ekkomo erikugira okukkirizisa. Mu Australia, Enzijjuvu, omulimu gw'obukwasiro 2001 gwakolebwa okusobola okwongera ku kifo kya Speecencer-JURRY of Intelligence and Security. Enkyukakyuka zino ziraga nti akakiiko ka ka kampuliisi kasobola okumanyisa eby'amateeka ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu ate nga n'okukuuma obukugunjufu ku nkola ez'amagezi.

Okukolera Awamu n’Okuyamba Abalala Okukendeeza ku Buwanguzi

Obukuumi tebw'eggwanga kyokka. Abakulembeze ba mateeka beenyigidde mu kufuga amawanga gonna nga bamenya endagaano ez'okwerwanako, nga bakkirizisa endagaano ez'okussaawo enkomera, era nga bagoberera obuwangwa bw'enkago wakati w'enkuŋŋaana. Ssetmenti ya Amerika eteekwa okusemba endagaano nga New START okukendeeza amagye ga Russia, nga gagateekamu obukwasifu mu buyinza obufuga amagye. Mu ngeri y'emu, Palamenti y'eggwanga lya UK ewanjula eweeza empaka ku by'okutuukiriza endagaano ne ku kunoonyereza ku by'obukuumi.

Amakanisa mangi era ge gakolera ku NATAO Parliamentes, era agagatta wamu abalagizi okuva mu nsi ez'ensi okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku buzibu n'okusemba enkola. Lipoota ezikwata ku by'obulabe okuva mu Russia oba ebyo ebireetebwa ekibiina kya China, zikkiriza amakanisa g'eggwanga okuyingiza n'enkola ez'okussaawo amateeka mu nteekateeka z'eggwanga. Mu Bulaaya Union, Akakiiko k'eggwanga ku nsonga z'eby'obukuumi mu nsi ezitali zimu kajjanjawule, nga kuliko n'okuwagira Ukraine n'ebirengo ebirengo ebiva mu ku masaza.

fundikira

Amaanyi ag'okussaawo amateeka tegali mukolo gwa kutuukiriza butuukiriza mu bukwasi mu butebenkevu mu ggwanga; gakola era gakola ku bintu ebisookerwako mu kwekuuma obukuumi, nga basala embalirira, era nga n'enkola z'amateeka. Okuva ku kuwandiisa obuwagizi obwa n'entalo mu mateeka okutuuka ku bulabirizi obwa buli kantla n'okulabirizo z'eby'ennamba, amakanisa gakakakakasa okusobola okuvunaanyizibwa ku bantu era gannyigibwa amateeka. Okukkirizibwa kwa ssente zisobozesa okulondoola obuwagizisibwa obuwagizi, so nga bawulira n'okunoonyereza kulabika nga bireesembye ebigenda mu n'obusobozi. Amaanyi ag'eby'obukongobozi nga ku Internet bwe bibadde nga ebibonerezo eby'okukootaagoobw'okufuga, era ne ku by'obukuumibwa obutongole obwa demosettuttuttut.

Ebyo ebyatuuka ku lukiiko olukulu olw'Amerika era ne ku lukiiko olukulu olw'eggwanga, biraga engeri amakanisa gye gakozesezza amaanyi gaago ekiseera nga gawanyisa eby'akabi eby'amaanyi eby'okumalawo ng'okugonjoola ebibuuzo ku nkyukakyuka wakati w'obutebenkevu n'eddembe. Mu kiseera eky'entalo ez'enjawulo, okuggyamu enzivvuunula n'enkyukakyuka mu bya tekinologiya, ekifo eky'okussaawo amateeka kikulu nnyo n'okusinga bwe kyali kibadde. Abawi b'amateeka bateekwa okweyongera okukozesa obuyinza bwabwe n'amagezi n'okulaguza eddakiikako nga bakakasa nti enkola ez'obukuumi mu ggwanga tezikola bulungi naye era nga zaatuufu, gamba ng'obweru, era nga zikkirizibwa okuzikkiriza. Okutegeera kino kikulu nnyo eri abo bonna abaagala okutegeera engeri amawanga gye gayinza okwekuuma mu nsi ey'akabi.