Amaanyi ag’Olubeerera ag’Okukolera Awamu

Mu byafaayo byonna, kaweefube ono akolebwa ng'enkola ez'okukyusa amateeka. Ebibiina by'abantu ebigattiddwa, nga bikubirizibwa n'okusuubira enkyukakyuka. Nga bayisa enneewulira za bantu bonna, nga batabangula omwoyo, era nga bagoberera ebiruubirirwa by'ekibiina, n'ekibiina ky'abantu kireetedde abateeka amateeka okukoma ku mateeka g'abantu. Okuva ku ku kumalibwawo obuddu ne bamanya nti buli mu nkyukakyuka mu bufumbo buli ngeri, okukulaakulana kw'amateeka kutera okugobererwa okuyitira mu kufuba kw'abatuuze aba bulijjo abakola ku kabukkujjuzo. Ekitundu kino kikebera engeri ebibiina ebikola ku nsonga ezikwata ku n'ebibaawo mu kiseera, okunoonyereza ku nkola z'abantu, okusoomooza, n'enkola ez'okumanyisa endowooza zaabwe.

Manya Ebikolebwa mu Kibiina

Enteekateeka y'abantu si kwekalakaasa kwa kaseera buseera; kutegekebwa bulungi, era kukolebwa abantu okuleetawo oba okuziyiza enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'abantu oba mu by'obufuzi. Amawanga gava mu ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'okwemulugunya, ez'ebintu, n'enkola ez'enjawulo. Tegakolagana limu na linnalyo. N'obukodyo n'obukodyo obw'enjawulo. Abamu bagezaako okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'enkola mu nteekateeka eziriwo, ate abalala bagezaako okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Okunoonyereza ku ngeri ezikolebwa ku bantu okw'enjawulo kumanyisaamu engeri gye basinziira ku mateeka.

Engeri ez’Enjawulo

  • Ekiragiro kino kitandika okukaaba: Amaanyi g'ekibiina bwe kikola nga ennamba. Abantu nkumi na nkumi oba obukadde n'obukaddesa bwe bakola enteekateeka nga bagezaako okukola enteekateeka zaabwe.][1] Okuyitira mu kwekajja, okukaaba, okusabira oba kaweefube ku Internet, amaloboozi gaabwe gazibuwalirwa okubuusa amaaso bannabyabufuzi.
  • [[AKMENTI:0] Akabonero n'obuyinja ebigabanyizidwa: Abo abagabanyizaamu kye bakiikirira okusinziira ku langi, ekikula, oba enzikiriza. Ebibiina ebikola obulungi byoleka engeri gye baagalamu mu mpisa oba mu ngeri eyoleka obwenkanya mu nsi yonna.
  • [[NKULULA:0] Ssaawo Biruubirirwa ne biruubirirwa:[ Ebituuka ku buwanguzi mu ngeri etegeeza ekiwandiko, nga kyetaagisa okukola ekiba kiragiddwa.] Nga ssimu, oba okumenya amateeka agatali ga bwenkanya, oba enkola. Abaluwe baakiriwo okusobola okuwangula amateeka.
  • .[[NT:0]] Empandika ezikola ku by'obwannakyewa ziyinza okuba nga zigoberera enkola (nga zigoberera enkola y'abawagizi n'ebbolo) oba nga za mbagirawo (abakola n'abaryi b'enkola ezikola ku nsonga z'okumenya amateeka). Ebibiina ebikola obulungi bikolagana bulungi n'eby'obugagga, ebikozesa ebizimbe eby'empuliziganya, era n'enteekateeka ezitegekebwa obulungi.
  • [[Act:0]] Enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ezikolebwa ku nkola y'ekika kya [[FULT:1] kwe kuteekako ekkugiro erikyasinzeeyo okubeera wakati w'okwekalakaasa n'okuteesa, wakati w'okutaataaganya bizineesi n'okuyingira mu sistemu. Bakyusa enkola ez'obukodyo nga beesigama ku busobozi n'obuzibu obw'eby'obufuzi.

Ebibiina ebikola ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi bitera okubaamu mu biseera eby'okukyuka mu by'obufuzi oba mu bizibu nga birabika ng'ebitakkirizibwa oba nga byamukwakwa. Kino kiraga nti tekitera kubaawo mu kiseera kitono nnyo mu kussaawo enkyukano mu by'obufuzi. Era kiyinza okwetaagisa emyaka mingi nga ngamashumi g'emyaka .52.522.Ekawumbirizo n'okugoberera enkola y'eby'enkola eya bannakyewa.[

Ebyokulabirako eby’Ebyafaayo eby’Eby’Obufuzi

Ebyafaayo biraga nti ebibiina by’abantu biyinza okussaawo amateeka agatali gamu.

Ekibiina Ekikola ku Ddembe (United States)

Olutalo olw'enjawukana mu Amerika lwatuuka ku ntikko y'enjawukana mu langi wakati w'emyaka gya 1950 ne 1960, naye ensibuko yaazo yamanyibwa nnyo. Nga kuno kw'otadde omuwendo gw'awera, gamba nga Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, ne John Lewis, awamu n'entegeka nga NAACP, SCLC, ne SNCC, ekibiina kyagatte, byaleetawo okusoomooza okw'amateeka, obutakwata tten'amaanyi, n'okuteekateeka. Eby'enjawulo ebyakolebwa ku Montgomery Bus Boy, nga March Sélma, Sél-to-Montmery ebigery, ebigezo eby'obukyasibe n'obuttujjufu.

  • Amateeka ag'ensi yonna: Act ekifuga eddembe ly'obwannannyini ekya 1964 ekiba kikyayiriziddwa okusosolwa okwesigamiziddwa ku langi, langi, eddiini, obukaba, oba ebweru w'eggwanga. Act develokiti ya Voting Rights(Olk) eya 1965 yaggyawo enzikkiriza okulonda abantu mu Amerika. Amateeka gano tegaava ku ku ku kulaga kisa kyokka; gaasalirwangawo kakiiko akaat'agaananga kaaweebwe nga kiweebwayo era nga n'okujeemera gavumenti.
  • Enkola eno ekozesebwa mu kuteeka essira ku buyambi obwa poliisi. Ebifaananyi ebiragiddwa ku nkola y'okwesamba ebikolebwa ku bantu ab'ekika kya era nga b'ekibiina kya bannabyabufuzi kireetebwawo okuwa obuwagizi mu mulimu oba ebitongole ebirala.

Ekibiina ky'Abakazi Ekikubiriza Ebikyamu

Okulwanirira abakazi kwatwala emyaka egisukka mu musanvu mu Amerika, era kwatuukira ku kukyusa okw'ekkumi n'omusanvu. Okuwandiisa okwasooka nga Susan B. Anthony ne Elizabeth Cady Stanton kwasekererwa, okukwatibwa, n'ettemu. Oluvannyuma abakulembeze, nga Alice Paul ne Carrie Chapman Catt, baakola enteekateeka okugatta kaweefube ow'eggwanga okukubiriza abantu okuyita mu kaweefube era n'okulabibwa mu lujjudde nga basekerera wamu n'enjala.

  • [[NKUMBO:0] Obuwandiisi obwategekebwanga enkuŋŋaana ennene eza buli mwaka, n'obwegaanyi obwasaasaanyizibwa, okujeemera gavumenti, era n'okukozesa amaanyi g'ebyuma ebikuba ebitabo. Era baateekawo endagaano ezikwatagana n'obutebenkevu n'okuzikomya.
  • [[Act:0] Obubonero obuva mu nkola y'ekitongole kino obwakolebwa mu 1919 era ne bukkirizibwa gavumenti mu 1920. Obuwanguzi bw'ekibiina kino bwakakasa nti abakazi abakyanywera era abalinnyigidde basobola okukaka enkola y'eby'obufuzi ebalemesa okubawa obulagirizi.

Ekibiina ky’Abakozi n’Ekiruubirirwa ky’Abakozi

Enteekateeka y'okukozesebwa okw'abakozi mu nnaku ez'ekkumi n'ekumi n'ekyasa ekya 20 yakyusa embeera mu makolero ne bawangula obukwasiro mu mateeka eri abakozi. Ebibiina nga American Federation of Labor (AFL) ne Kompanier Woomistry of the World (IWW) bye byakulembera ebipande, ebikopokowe, n'enkola za kaweefube mu mirimu gy'okukolera essaawa munaana, embeera ennungi, n'obusobozi obw'okwegatta.

  • [[AK:0] Ebifubidwa: Act eteeka amateeka ga gavumenti: Fair Labor Standard Act (1938) yassaawo omusaala, omusaala ogw'ekiseera ekiwerako, n'obukuumi bw'abaana. National Labor Relations Act (1935) yakakasa abakozi nti baalina eddembe okutegeka n'okugula ebibali ku nsonga.
  • [[AGUMENTI] Egenda nga yeeyongera: Ekika ky'abakozi tekitwaliramu mateeka gano mwokka naye era n'enteekateeka ey'okuzzaawo ebizimbe.] Ekika kino tekikyeyambisibwa okukuuma abakozi leero.

Ekibiina Ekiziyiza Enkyukakyuka

Kaweefube ow'okukomya obusosoze mu South Africa yalaga engeri kaweefube w'okumalawo n'okuva mu mawanga agatali ga nnukuta za Amerika mu South Africa gy'erina okuleetawo enkola y'okufuga n'okuwaliriza abafuzi mu mateeka. Okutandikira mu 1950, abalwanyi abangi mu makkati ga South Africa baatandikawo kaweefube, okubunyisibwa mu kaweefube, n'okukomyawo ebitongole ebireetebwawo. Abayizi baagezaako okupikiriza amakole g'ensi za Amerika ne Bulaaya okubunnyinyisiyo okuva mu South Africa. Mu U.S.

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Empandika ey'eby'obufuzi: Ekibiina ky'eddiini ekikuŋŋaanyiziddwa, ebitongole eby'emirimu, entegeka z'abayizi, n'abawagizi b'eddembe ly'abantu.
  • Ebivaamu [[AKMENTI:0] Ebivaamu:[[[KATANDIKWA:1] Ekikolwa kyateeka ebibonerezo mu by'enfuna era ne kissaawo ebyetaago okusobola okubiggyamu, naye ne kiviirako Nelson Mandela okusumululwa era ne baggyawo n'ensonga eza langi.

Gavumenti Ezikwata ku Bukulembeze

Amawanga gakola emirimu egitali gimu mu nsi ne gakola amaanyi ne gafuuka amateeka amapya.

Obubonero obuleetera abantu okweyimirizaawo n'obutafuna ndowooza

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu okukola enkyukakyuka. Okukuba ebiwayi, okutambula, okutuula obutuuti, n'okukuba ebisaawe ebiba bikosa obulamu bw'abantu, era n'okulemesa emirimu egya bulijjo mu mikutu gy'eby'empuliziganya. Okufeebezebwa kwetaagisa kubanga abo abalina obuyinza tebatera kukkiriza awatali kupikirizibwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya Civil Rights Movement kisalawo okugobererwa emirimu egitabangula ebikolerwa ku misana n'okuwaliriza bannabizineesi ne gavumenti okukola kye kimu.

Kaweefube w’Okulabula ku Bulaguzi n’Enkola y’Ebigambo

Zikola ku ndowooza y'abantu nga zifuga engeri gye zisengekebwamu. Bakozesa ebifulumira ku mpapula z'amawulire (bannasayansi, ttivi) ne digitations (ebigambo ebikolagana n'abantu, ebipande ebisaasaanyizibwa) okusobola okuleetawo obutali bwenkanya. Ekitongole ky'abakazi eky'omu n'ekitongole kya Spuffge Movement beeyambisanga obupapula bw'amawulire n'amakulu ga bya vipu, ebitongole ebya bulijjo nga bikozesa projectives. projectives. trans zikireetera endowooza ya bannasayansi okukkut'okukyusiza mu bya buwayinja.

Ebirala ne munda

Kaweefube oyo akolebwa ku kaweefube oyo akolebwa ku ludda olwa waggulu, era n'okukubiriza gavumenti okutuukiriza okusalawo kwa Kooti Eheefell v. Hodgess ziwa obujulizi mu maaso g'obukiiko obukola ku by'okugatta awamu. Akaweefube ow'okugatta obufumbo mu Amerika kaategekebwa nga kateegi, obutundutundu obwa siteegi ku siteegi (okugeza) era n'obutongole bwa gavumenti okukubiriza okusobola okutuukiriza okusalawo kwa Kookolosa. Hodgesssss kikola nga bukakasa nti obufumbo obw'okusaawulibwa busobola okukkirizibwa, ate ng'ekibiina era kikuuma okupikirizibwa, kirina n'entebe ku ddi lwe kiwandiikibwa.

Obuzibu Obubaawo ng’Oli Mukwano Gwo Gwokka n’Omu Mateeka

Kampuni zitera okutuukirira kkooti singa amasomero gaazo gaba gakyayibwa. Kyakulabirako kirungi nnyo mu ngeri egoberera enkola y'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga. Gye buvuddeko awo, ekibiina ky'embeera y'obudde kikozesezza enkyuka okuwaliriza gavumenti okubaako kye zikolawo. Obuwanguzi bw'amateeka busobola okusinziza obukiiko obuwandiisi okukola oba okusemba eddembe.

Ebizimbe Ebizimbiddwa n’Obumu

Tewali kibiina kya kukola.

Ebintu Ebikozesebwa mu Kukola Ebintu ku Ddaala

Intaneeti tereetera bantu kukola mikutu mitali gimu. Enkola ng'enkola ez'oku siteegi nyingi ez'oku sistemu ez'enjawulo, gamba ng'ebitundu ebitegekebwa oba ebitongole ebikolera ku nviromenti, n'enkola ez'oku nno ebikozesebwa ku mikutu gya inthano, bikkirizibwa okusaasaanya amangu obubaka, okukuba ebiba bitegekeddwawo n'okusalawo kw'okuwaliriza abalambuzi. Enkola y'obudde mu nsi yonna [ (nga mw'otwalidde n'okutaano ku Biseera) yakozesanga eby'enkola ebiyamba abaana okusobola okukwatagana n'okuva mu n'okwesamba obubenje, nga bakuba ebivaako obubenje mu byafaayo. Kyokka, tekitera okukolebwa kukolebwa ku ntadiyosa.

Ebizibu Ebiva mu Kibiina

Wadde nga balina amaanyi mangi, ebibiina by’abantu bifuna ebiyinza okulemesa oba okuddirira mu mulimu gw’okubuulira.

Okuyigganyizibwa n’Ebizibu Ebingi

Abo abaganyulwa mu mbeera eyo ye /(okukyusizanya, okugaba kw'abantu, eby'obugagga, eby'amaanyi ebikola eby'obufuzi, n'eby'okukolagana n'okuleetawo(*'enkola) biyinza okulemesa abalwanyi ba gavumenti okumenya amateeka agakwata ku nzikkiriza enkola y'enjereere, oba okusemba obuwanyanya enkola y'okulemesa enkalu n'obudde. Abalwanyi ba desensi ba desenti y'amafuta aga bulijjo bwe baziyiza enkola y'okufuga emmu, era ne kiwandikiro ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga eziba nga bawakanya enkola y'amasaze, kiyinza okulemesa abaziyiza abawaanyi abawaanyi abawaanyi okugattika ne bwe kiba nga kiba nga kiba nga kibangudde.

Enjawukana ez’Omunda n’Ebyafaayo

Enkola zit'enkola tezitera kugattibwa wamu. Okukuba empaka ku ngeri ez'okukyusaamu ebifa ku nkola zaazo; obutakwataganya 'v'.''''''''''''''''''''''''''a'''' Kino kitegeeza nti waliwo enj'enjawulo ez'enjawulo. Obutakkaanya ku kye kibeera kiwandikiro, obukulembeze, n'ebyo ebisinga obukulu, biremesa amaanyi g'okubuzaabuza abantu. ACLU ne guluuzi endala ez'awula amateeka, biwandisizza bubudde bulaga engeri gye biyinza okulemesaamu owiiyingizibwamu.

Ekifo kya Bannamawulire n’Engeri y’Okunoonyerezaamu

Ebitongole by'eby'empuliziganya bwe bikyoleka nti abazeegugungo bakambwe oba baswala, abateeba amateeka bayinza okweyawula ku bannaabwe.

'Co-propection' n'Okutandika okukolako ate n'okutandika okukolako ekika kya soketi

Oluusi kaweefube oyo ayinza okulabika ng'awangula .'Akakiiko k'abakaafiiri kwekali okusobola okulaba nti bye kalina bigootaanya enzivuvu zaako. Obulagirizi buyinza okukendeezebwa, era abakulembeze b'ekibiina bayinza okubuyingiramu. Okulwanirira eby'obulamu mu Amerika kiwagidde okuleka enkola y'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi okusigala nga tekola.

Obukoowu n’Obuzibu

Okusobola okutuukiriza ebigendererwa bya bannakyewa mu mulimu guno, kikooya nnyo. Bannakyewa bakoowa nnyo, ssente ze bawaayo zikomyawo; enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu bukulembeze ziyinza okuleetawo ebbugumu mu ntegeka. Amawanga mangi galina okuteeka mu ntegeka enjereere n'okwefaako bokka okusobola okusigala ngawo.

Okunoonyereza ku Bibiina Ebikola ku Kintu Ebyakabaawo

Ebibiina by’omu biseera eby’omu maaso biraga engeri enkola y’amateeka gye yeeyongera okugobererwa mu biseera eby’emabega.

Akakiiko k’ELGBTQ+ Eddembe

Entegeka y'ekika kino eyitibwa LGBTQ+nuc, ewayiziddwa ekibiina ekikola ku ddembe, Stonewall Riots ekya 1969, ewangudde ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo eby'amateeka n'ebiwandiiko bya mateeka mu nsi nnyingi. mu Amerika, kaweefube ono yawangula eddembe ery'okuwasa (Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015), empalana ya "Don'Ask, Don’t Tell" (200) n'obukuumi bw'ensi eno obukulembeddwa okuva ku ku kusosola omulimu (Boschock v. County, 2020). Obuwanguzi buno bwakolebwa okuyitira mu bivvumba ebikutyo, okusoomooza mu by'omu mateeka, eby'obuyigirize obwa bannabya bufuzi. Ekibiina ekyo era kyayoleka amateeka mangi agawakanya okusoonoona ebiva mu myaka mingi egyakaluuzibwako.

  • Kkero [[:0] Obubonero obwa bulijjo:[[KIT:1]] Obubonero obw'amalala, kaweefube ow'okusalako kampeyini, okusoosa kwa mateeka (Lambda Omu mateeka, ACLU), n'obw'okuteekawo amateeka agafuga eddembe ly'abantu).
  • Ebiragiro bya ' bye biwandiikiddwa:[ Kino kitegeeza nti endowooza ya bantu bonna erina okukyusibwa." Naddala mu kusengeka ebyafaayo n'okusengeka ebintu ebya bulijjo. Ekiragiro kya kikola nti Googi z'enkyukakyuka zisobola okuyamba omuntu okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka.

Enteekateeka y’Obulamu bw’Abaddugavu Ekwata ku Kufaayo kw’Abantu

Yafulumizibwa mu 2013 oluvannyuma lw'okutongozebwa kwa George Zimmerman mu Traevon Martin, era n'ekyavamu okubaamu okukuba obusosoze mu nsi yonna ku poliisi ne mu langi. Okuttibwa kwa George Floyd okwa 2020 kwaleetawo obukyayi obw'amaanyi mu byafaayo by'Amerika, era nga mu kiseera ekyo wabaddewo abantu ng'obukadde nga 15 oba obukadde 26.

  • [[NKULA] Empandika eya 'LT' eringa eya 'LYP': Ekibiina kyakubiriza ekiragiro mu kikolwa eky'ensonga mu ngeri ey'ekika kya George Floyd Specist Act (2021,) wadde nga kyalemererwa okuyisa Ssemakungu, awamu n'okukyusa mu nkola y'obuyinza, obutakkiriza kubaako birengo ebiba biteekeddwa ku kugootaaza, oba okuvunaana omusango ogw'okuva ku poliisi okusobola okuzza obusaze. Amawanga nga Minneapolis ne Los Angeles gaapolices.
  • [[NKUMBO]][[FLM:1] BLM yasoberwa okuva mu 'Blue Live Conficial' ne kawerezebwamu akakodyo akaagoozebwa okukugira okuwakanya eddembe ly'obwannannyini. Ebromssions for the traply answers' and agement nazo zatandikawo.

Embeera y’Enkyukakyuka mu Kiseera

Nga kikubirizibwa n'obukugu bwa bannasayansi era n'obuvubuka obukubirizibwa okulaga obwannattu (Greta Thunberg, Lwokubiri olw'ebiseera eby'omu maaso), kaweefube oyo aleetedde gavumenti okuteekako omwoyo gwa gavumenti gwe guba guba n'amasannyalaze. Akakwakuliro ako kalabikira mu projective of Paris (2015), European Green Deal, ne mu mikago gy'ensi yonna. Amagye gasroots zigwamu okuwangula ne zza zzaaful'ebyuma.

  • KY'OKUKOLAKO : Obukalu, obuyingi bw'amaso, kaweefube ow'okufumba aw'okufumba amafuta aga sayinsi, n'embeera y'obudde ey'ekika kya Netherlands.
  • [[ALL:0] Buli lweyongera okusoosa [ Omuwaatwa oguliwo wakati w'ebigambo n'ebikolwa gusigala mu buwakule obw'enkola. Ekibiina kati kyewagidde okukomyawo endagaano ez'enkola ezikoleddwa mu nkola eya sistemu eziyinza okugobererwa.

# Ekibiina kya Metoo

Ekiragiro kino kyasaasaana mu 2017 nga kigoberera ebiwambe ebyasalibwawo Harvey Weinstein, naye ensibuko y'okutulugunyizibwa kw'abakazi. Ekibiina ekyo kyakozesa emikutu gy'empuliziganya okwanika okutulugunyizibwa n'okutulugunyizibwa mu makolero g'eby'okwetaba. Ebivaamu bizingiramu okuwalirizibwa okubonerezebwa ku bikolwa eby'obugwenyufu (nga kiyitira mu nkola eya Endled Arbitration of Sexual Assaucial Act mu 2021, obukwakuli bw'amaanyi ku mulimu, n'okukugira obutebenkenkevu mu magye.

  • Akabiina kano kaagenderanga nnyo ku bujulizi obwa bulijjo n'engero ezikozesebwa ku mikutu gya kompyuta. Kaasala ensalo z'amawanga ne keesigama nnyo ku mateeka mu nsi okuva mu Japan okutuuka mu Bufalansa.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] ' Obukyayi okuva ku bantu abavunaanibwa oba okusoomoozebwa ku nkola egwanira okukolebwa, kyaleetawo ebibuuzo eby'ennamba. Ekibiina era kyayolekagana n'ebibuuzo eby'omunda ebikwata ku makwafu n'okutambulagana.

fundikira

Ebibiina by'abantu tebyagala kukyusa nzivuunula za mateeka. Okuva ku abo abawandiika amateeka okutuuka ku abo abakuba empewo, kaweefube w'enkola zikiraze nti abantu aba bulijjo basobola okuwandiika amateeka agafuga obulamu bwabwe. Engeri ezibakwatako nga(] obukodyo obukozesebwa, obukulembezi, obukulembezi, n'okuzimba ebibumbe nga bikola ebintu ebirala, era n'ebibibiina nga birina ebikozesebwa mu buli kibiina kyonna. Kyokka ekkubo eryo teririna kyangu kufuga kuziyiza kwa maanyi, kuleetawo butakkaanya, era n'obuzibu obw'okumanyisaamu obw'okukolagana. Amaanyi ago gayamba abatuuze n'abo ababukola ebintu mu ngeri y'obwenkanya. Ebyafaayo biraga, enkolagana wakati w'enkola y'abantu ne amateeka tey'eyinza kuleetawo kikolwa eky'enkyukakyuka; naye tekitera kubanguyira mu ku ekyo, era okuzina okw'okumanyisanya, era n'okuwuliriza obutuufu kw'embeera y'eby'obulamu bw'abantu. . . Ekiragiro kino kiyamba okuteekateeka okuteekateeka okuteekateeka okumanyisa