Etandika: Enkola Ebaawo mu Kiseera eky’Okuti

Ekiragiro ekiyitibwa System Claus, ekiri mu mitemwa gya kkumi na nnukuta bbiri, era nga kirimu ebiragiro nti tewali muntu n'omu aliba nga tasubwa "obulamu, eddembe, oba bintu nga tasoose kuweebwa mateeka." Kaweefube ono azze nga kikuuma gavumenti nga yeeyagazaamu. Wadde nga nkyukakyuka ya tekino ataddewo ebibuuzo: Kakwate kiwandikiro ki w'obulabirizo nga kkooti zituukiriza ekiragiro kituukiriza nga waliwo ekiseera kyennyini? Bukuumi ki obulina kuweebwa mu kiseera kyennyini eky'enkola yaazo?

Engeri Claus gy’Addukanyaamu Ebintu: Engeri y’Okunoonyerezaamu

Okusobola okutegeera engeri omulimu gw'okukebera ebizimbe by'omukono oba ebyuma gye bisaanidde okukolebwako, omuntu alina okusooka okutegeera ennyiriri bbiri ez'okugufuga. Kino kitegeeza nti gavumenti egoberera enkola ez'okuteeka mu nkola eziragibwa mu bulamu bw'omuntu nga tezinnamuwa muntu ddembe oba ekintu ekirala. Kino kizingiramu okuwangulwa, n'okusalawo ku kakiiko akatali ka nukutawa. Kakwate enkola esobozesa gavumenti obutamenya mateeka ku ddembe ly'okumenya amateeka agakwata ku nsonga enkulu ezikolebwa, okuggyako nga enkola eweereddwa okusobola okukola ku nsonga ez'obukaluuzi. Mu mateeka agafuga, obutundutundu obubiri obwo busobola okukuŋŋaanya ebikwata ku by'obwanjula obwa nnannyini (]] gavumenti teeziyiza ku kumenya bulagirizi bwa gavumenti mu nkola ebizingirwamu oba okugaana obuzingirwamu (omuteesokebero). oba okusala enkola ey'okulagisa mu kkooti. .[ekiragibwa mu ngeri endala y'okula ekirimu ku nsonga enkulu.

Mu byafaayo, enkola ey'okukuuma enneyisa ey'okuna yajjawo awamu n'enkyukakyuka mu tekinologiya. Kkooti enkulu mu Olstead v' v''bule n'Amerika (1928) mu kusooka yakikkiriza nti okukalambira tekukolebwa wansi w'Omutemu ogw'okuna olw'okuba tewaaliwo nsobi. Kkooti ya Brandeis emanyiddwa ennyo yagamba nti obukuumi bwa tteeka lino buli muntu bulina okubutuukiriza nga tekinnayo kkatemba.

Obutundu Obuyamba mu Kukozesa Obukozesa Ekirabo: Ebinnyonnyolwa mu Ngeri y’Okukwataganya Omutindo gw’Obulagirizi n’Eby’Omu mateeka

Ekiragiro kino kikoleramu ebintu bingi: okukuba essimu, okulonda emikutu egitali gimu, okukebera oba okulonda metamyansi, okukuŋŋaanya metafayiro, n'okukukusa data mu nkola za kompyuta (SSL) nga kikozesa enkola za kompyuta, era n'okukukubiriza ebinoonyezeddwamu bingi mu nkola nga bino ebyategekebwa Edward Snowden. Ekiwandiiko kya mateeka kikola ng'eteekateeka amateeka, ebifuga, ebitongole, n'enkola ku by'okusala w'enkola ku n'ebiragiro. [[FL:0] [FUT] Active Surveillance Act (FA)[FM:1] mu 1978 yatonda olukiiko olw'ekyamabanga (Ekkongozi) okumanyisa ekiragiro oba olukalala mu ngeri y'okukulembedde okukebera ebitongole eby'amawanga. Era, mu mateeka amalala agamu gamu gamu gamu.[5]

Status Process Claus ekolagana n'enkola zino ez'enjawulo. Gavumenti bw'egezaako okukozesa obujulizi obuwandiisi obuwandiisiwa obujulizi mu bamenyi b'amateeka, awayiriziddwa alina okuweebwa amalambe ageesigika alaga nti ddala ekyo kituufu. Mu nsonga ezikwata ku nkuumi y'eggwanga, enkola ekkirizibwa eyinza okukkusibwawo mu ngeri nga y'ekyokulabirako, Kkooti ya FISA ereesaa ewawula, ng'eriko gavumenti yokka eriwo. Abawaabiina bano balina okuwakanya obujulizi bwonna obuba bulaga nti etteeka lya mu mateeka. Kkooti Ekkulu ewaawaasazese byewawawawaanya ebimu ku nsonga ezo naye ne kileka nti tebyategekebwa.

Ebirungi Ebireetebwa Kkooti Enkulu

  • [[NKULA:0][FLT][FLT] v'omu Amerika (1867): Kkooti yagamba nti olukumbo olw'okuna lukuuma abantu, so si ebifo, era nti omuntu bw'aba anoonya ebibye, aba anoonya oba nga talumanyi. Kkawulu nti gavumenti ekuuma ekitongole ekikola ku ssi n'amasimu ekibadde kisembye amatuuti. Omusango ogwo gulina kusalawo okw'ekyamalaanyi eky'okuna, ate nga kusinziira ku ku nsonga ez'ekyamaguzi, tekikkirizibwa kukebera oba n'ensonga. [[FLT:] Kat], gavumenti teyinza kuddamu kutwala bukakafu ku nkola ya tekinologiyamu ku bya tekinologiya mu bya tekinologiya.
  • [[NKUMBO:0][[FLT]Smith v. Maryland Mu ngeri nti, kkooti yasalawo nti omuntu tasuubira nti ebibye ku lulwe mu mannya gaamu bibalibwa olw'okuba ennamba ezo zitwalibwa kyeyagalire ku kampuni ez'oku ssimu. “Enjigiriza eno ey'ekika kya terefoni” ekkiriza gavumenti okuwandiisa obubaka obw'ennono awatali bukwafunze. Emyaka nga giyiseewo, enkola ey'ennono ey'okukebera ebifaananyi bya meta-data-ekifo.[1] Ennamba ezo zaaleetera ekiragiro okuzuula enjigiriza eyo mu kkooti.
  • [FLT][FLT] v. Jones (2011) (20: Court yagamba nti okugatta emmotoka ey'oku kasookebwa kw'emmotoka GPS kuba kunoonyeza mu mmotoka, wadde nga abalamuzi tebaakkiriziganya ku ntegeera kw'ekiwandikiro. Sotomay'ak'okubaako kakyo kalina kye kakolawo ku bukakafu obulaga nti enjigiriza ey'okusatu tekkirizibwa mu kiseera abantu we bateekako data ey'ennannyini ey'ennamba. Ebibuuzo bye yeeyongera bwe kituuka ku nsonga ezikwata ku: singa gavumenti esobola okukuŋŋaanya n'okukebera emyaka egy'obulabisi obw'ebikwata ku nsonga, abantu tebafuna n'amakulu agali mu kumanya okw'amakulu agaabwe.
  • [[NTLL:0][FLT][FOLT]] [2018] Kiwandiiko kino kya pulogulamu ekigamba nti gavumenti erina okufunira olukusa olw'ekifo olw'enkyukakyuka okuva ku mu mukozi atamanyi. Omulamuzi Roberts, awandiikira abasinga obungi, okulowooza nti enjigiriza ey'okusatu tekola ku “ssaawaamu ey'okubaawo kw'omuntu eya bulijjo etegekebwa buli lunaku, mu bbanga lya myaka egiwera. Okusalawo kuteekwa okufuna obujulizi obw'okutuuti n'okuwangula. Kkomyanti y'abasinga obungi, esongasongasonga ku n'obungi obw'ebitundu ebizingirwamu mu kompyuta nga tezisobozesa kusaasaanya data ey'omu n'ebitundu eby'omu n'omulembe ogumu.

Entegeka Egenda Okutambula mu Ntegeka ey’Obukuumi

Wadde [[NKULA:0] Kampala era n'ewandiisa okunoonyereza ku bamenyi b'amateeka, enkola ekkirizibwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo ey'okumanya eva ku musingi. [FLT]][FLT]][2013], Kkooti enkulu yalekayo okusoosa okw'ekitundu 702 ku FISA (ekikkirizibwa okukebera obukaluuzi obwa mpukulembedde obw'enjawulo.] Abantu mu nsi endala) baleka ebirungi okutalabizibwa. Kyokka, [[[FLT:]] Ekireetera obujulizi obw'omukitundu ekimu okukalu, obutuufu bulaga endowooza ezimu ez'obuteebuzi oba ezo ezimenyebwa gavumenti.[5] Kino kiyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri enneetakkirizibwamu.[19][19] Singa abavugibwa obutuufu obutuufu obubadde bwe buteenoonyezesebwa mu mateeka obutuufu.[19]

Omuntu by’Amanyi n’Ebyafaayo

Sseent Claus ewa ebiwandiiko bya kompyuta ebigoberera enkola ya Claus ey'okugikolera ku nkola eziragibwa mu mpandika eya bulijjo. Mu lukalala lwa digitayo, ekibuuzo kiri nti omuntu yenna alina kantu ke kalinako. Wadde kooti enkulu terina ky'eyogerako butereevu, enkiiko entono zitegedde nti data “‘ ng'ennukuta oba ebifumbo biba biyingiddwa. ’ Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu [[FLT:] United States] v. Gonians[[FLY] [2]. 2014], kkooti ekkiriza nti gavumenti ezza ebiwandiiko eby'okugigigizza ennyo ku n'ebiwandiiko ebisukka ku ddembe by'omuntu okumenya oba okufiirwa ebintu bye yakikoze. Ekiragiro kyamagendo kya gavumenti okuzza oba okufiirwadata ebintu. Okufaananako nga Esociboopennication Act CC (ESkkoct C) ebiba bya bantu kinnoomu, era n'okugikireetera okuggyamu n'okuggyamu mu n'okugitunda, abantu abo abagimanyisaamu. obuvunaanyizibwa obwo, okunnyonnyola

Weetegereze n’Okuwulira

Mu kulabula okutali kukyamu, gavumenti esobola okukulemesa okulaba oba okuwulira obubaka obuba bugendereddwa. Mu kulabula okutali ku bukuumi, weetegereze nti tewali bakuumi: Kkooti ya disitulikiti (ey'omu Kkooti). Gayinza okukozesa eby'omukutu okulaba obujulizi obutawa bujulizi bulaga nti obutereevu busobola okukeberebwa okutuusa ng'ewabuli omusango gumaze okusibibwa. Kkooti enkulu mu [FLY] United States v. U.S. Court (omulango gwa Kkooti)[FLD] [127]] [72] yakkiriza nti mu nsonga ez'eggwanga zonna ezikwata ku bukuumi, okulagirira obukuumirwamu, era n'okulambula emisango gy'ensi giteekeddwawo mu kkooti z'eggwanga. Kyokka, kkooti egaana okulaba nti ensonga ezibakwata ku ku ku ku ku ekyo zigenda kussa ku nsonga z'obukuumibwa.

Ekirala kiri nti, obuwanvu bw'obubonero obw'okulabirako obuwandiisi obw'amateeka buteekwa okukolebwako. United States v. Jones [KALULA]] (GPS), abatayagala kutegeera nti ekyetaagisa okuzuula ebikwata ku mateeka ga 'GPS] baateekawo obulambe obw'enkalu bwa maanyi ku ku kulaga abawandisi, naye abasinga obungi baagyewandikiridde nti okusobola okufuna obujulizi obw'ekiseera. Mu nsonga ezo, enkola ey'okulabirabirabirabira mu mateeka, enkola y'okulambula, eyinza okubaamu enzijjuvu ereetebwawo obukalukusifu n'obunafu, gavumenti eremereddwa mu ngeri y'okulondoola obutuufu, obukireetera obujulizi obutuufu n'okukulaga obutuufu obw'okukubonerebwa.

Enkyukakyuka Egiyinza Okujjawo mu Nkola y’Okuna n’Omuteendezo ogw’Okuna

Wadde nga mu nteekateeka ey'okuna, ekiragiro ekiweredde ku kunoonyereza n'okugwa ensimbu kitera okusinziirwako nnyo okulasa obukakali, era nga n'okunoonyereza ku ngeri y'okwerinda, ekiwandiike ekiwandiike ekiwandiikiddwa ekiyitibwa Claus Claus ekiwandikiddwa kiwa enzivvuunuzi ey'okubiri. Ekiragiro kino kiba kyetaagisa okunoonyereza ku kigero nga(ekipimo eky'okubiri) okusinziira ku nsonga gye kiyinza okukolebwa.

Lowooza ku kukozesebwa kwa [[NTL:0] National Security Letters[NSS:1].[1] Kampuni ezifuga enkola n'empandika ez'enjawulo ziyinza okuleetera kampuni ez'enjawulo okufulumya ebiwandiko bya bakasitoma okubuuka nga tewali kiragiro kya kkooti. Ekiragiro kampuni ezisss zitera okukola empandika ezitakkiriza oyo agifuna obutamanya ebizinoonyezebwa. [[FLL:2] Doevv. [FLT] Act[FFF:3] [200] Active] Accouble]

Mu ngeri y'emu, [[NKULA:0] Ekirala kiwandikibwa era ne Trap ne Trace[ ekiragiro kyetaagisa obukalu obwa tteeka okulaga nti obubaka busaanidde okusobola okunoonyeezebwa.[FLT] Kino kyawulamu nti obwamaguzi obwa bulijjo busobola okubutuukiriza olw'okuba gavumenti esobola okukuŋŋaanya obutundutundutundutundutundu obwa bulimu nga tewandikiddwa bulungi, abantu kinnoomu babulwamu obwama awatali bulagirizi bwa bya kompyuta. K'awulukusako, gavumenti eteekwa okufuna ekifo eky'amakulukulembedde mu nzivunuzi, naye ng'ebiragibwa mu n'ennyanjula endala. ENKUVA mu n'okukebera amannya g'amannya agamu, ekiragiro kikozesa enkola eya IPPUP, nga y'enkola mu mpalagiro ezisingako.

Okukubaganya Ebirowoozo n’Okukubaganya Ebirowoozo

Okutandika kwa Status Process Claus mu kukebera ebifa ku kompyuta tekikoma.

Twetaaga Okwogera ku Mikutu gya kompyuta

[[NKULA]][[AKKALA]], kkooti enkulu eyogera ku bukakafu obulaga nti waliwo ebyafaayo ebireetebwawo. Naye emirimu emirala tegiwagirwa: okulonda ebifo ebya nnamaddala, ekifo eky'amasimu, n'amakuru okuva ku Internet of Things [FOT]. Amagawera agawerako amateeka ageetaagisa okuwa obujulizi bwa kompyuta, nga mwe muli n'okukozesa amalayisero aga g'abasominisiti. Empanyi ziwandikiro ziwandikidwa ziwandikima ekiragiro: obukkirimu buwandikiro buwandikiro buwandikiro buwandike okujjulula, era n'okunoonyereza ku by'enkalakkalira y'ebintu (bweruunuk'ensonga) n'obubonero mu ngeri nti tezirimu esobola okugobererwamu. [FFF][5]

Obukuumi bw’Eggwanga n’Ekiwandiiko Ekiyitibwa FISA

Okukyusa ekifo ekibeera mu kkooti y'amateeka kitwaliramu okutandikawo akakwakkulizo akalaga nti waliwo enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu kibiina kya Yakuwa. Okusobola okuleetawo okuwakanya enkola eyo, kiba kyetaagisa okulambula mu kkooti, era kiba kyetaagisa okusalawo obusobozi bwa gavumenti okusobola okukuuma data mu U.S.. Mu 2020, FISC etandikawo ekipande ekipya ekya aniko anivvuunudde okuwakana mu mateeka okuwakana ensonga mu nsonga ezimu, naye nga abawagizi bawagidde bagamba nti ekyo tekimala. Dreaweede [[FL:]] A Kkoyiro nga kiweddeko, ekitongole ekiterekerwako, nga kisigala nga tekikujigiddwako. Emirimu eyo terebwa mu ngeri ebaawoko; n'endwawo n'obuteeyambisibwa tey'ensonga zennyini; [FFFFSformation Actives Act:[23] Activement:[23] era nga tekinnabamumumumumumumumu.[12]

Amateeka ag’Ensi Yonna n’Eby’Eggwanga Birina Amakulu

Endowooza ezisaanira tezikkirizibwa mu Amereka mbagirawo. General Data Protection Regial (GDPR) mu Bulaaya kiba kyetaagisa okukkirizibwa, okulagibwa oba okulagibwa nga(mirrocroduction acy'okuteeka mu nkola ekyetaagisa okusobola okuzuula ebikolebwa. Wadde ng'omulimu ogwo gukola ku kibiina kya gavumenti, amateeka agafuga U.S. gakulaakulaakulanyizibwa. nga California, Virginia, ne Colorado gateekawo amateeka agabizza obwama bannannyini agasobozesa abantu okumanya oba okuggyawo ebintu ebibakwata ku nsonga ezo. Amateeka gano tegafuga butereevu, naye gakola ebyo bye gasuubira mu lujjudde. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga ez'okwekwekerezaamu ku nsonga ez'okuteekawo obujulizimbi.

Obuzibu mu bya Tekinologiya n’Obunakutuukako mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Tekinologiya ow'okuyunganyanyanya, amagezi mu maaso, n'okuteebereza enkola za poliisi, bireetawo enkyukakyuka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya poliisi bwe kikozesa algoritimu okulagula wa obumenyi bw'amateeka we buli. Kino kiviiriddeko abantu abamu okutandika okulabira ddala nga babuusabuusa obutuufu bwa algonoloji. Mu ngeri y'emu, enkola ey'okukebera ebizimbe mu ntambula y'ebiwandikiro teyinza kusobozesa bantu kuteeka mu nkola eya AI, obulango n'obubonero obuteeyambi obw'okukebera ebizikwata ku nkola ya poli. Kkooti zitandika buko okukat'okugezaako okumenya obukodyo obutuufu bw'enkola eno, naye enkola eya awatali kwewala obubenjere.

Olugero: Engeri gy’Osaanidde Okukwatamu ebintu

Ekiragiro Ssearch Processour Claus ekifuga enkola ya Claus eky'omulembe gwa nviiri. Wadde nga mu Amereka ogw'okuna emirundi mingi yeetaasa okulambula obulango, omulimu bwe guba gumala gannaaweredde ddala nga banoonya, gavumenti eteekwa okugoberera enkola ez'obwenkanya. Okuva ku Katz[ eri [[FLT]]] Artent [[[FLC:3]], kkooti enkulu emanyi nti okukulaakulana mu bya tekisobozesa bya tekiiyigikulirizaamu kutuukiriza. Kyokka, ebibuuzo bingi ebimala bireetebwa mu ngeri eyo tewali muntu mu kifo kya kulagira kubaako ky'okwerinda mu nkuumirwamu mu nsi yonna. Kkootikko, n'ensonga z'amateeka zeetaagisa okulayira mu ngeri ey'okulayira, era tezitwala mu nkola y'omutirkukkiriza kuteekawo mu nkola y'amateeka ey'okulandukusa, ey'okulaaw'okufuga.[2

Okusobola okwongera okusoma, laba Explorential Frontiral’s Frontier [, [[FLT:]SKOBURAMU[ okulaba obanga okyongerako ku by'onoonyezesa, n'ekiragiro [[FLT:]FAN]FIRAGIRA MUKITANDIKWAKO [[FLY'OKUFUMENT:][FLT:]] [H.R. 4070]]. Okusobola okukendeeza ku nkola n'ebikwata ebikolebwako, , kebera [[[FLT:]]