Ebibiina by'abantu bibadde bya maanyi nnyo mu kukyusa endowooza z'eby'obufuzi mu nsi yonna era Japan kyakulabirako kirungi nnyo eky'enkyukakyuka eno. Okuva ku mirembe egyava mu lutalo okutuuka ku nkola y'obutonde, n'okukaka emigatte gy'eby'obufuzi okumanyisa ebiwayitiddwa, okutegeka ebintu ebisinga obukulu, n'okugoberera enkola empya. Okutegeera engeri ebibiina bino gye bikyusaamu endowooza z'abantu mu nkyukakyuka ez'ebyobufuzi, kiyamba okutegeera engeri Japan gy'eba egobereramu demokulase ne k'obufuzi bw'abantu.

Ebyafaayo by’Abantu mu Japan

Ebyafaayo bya Japan eby'enkola y'abantu mu kiseera kyaffe bisangibwa ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 19 ne ku ntandikwa y'ekya 20, ng'obufumbo bw'abakozi butandise, abalimi nga beekalakaasa, era n'obufuzi bw'abakazi. Kyokka, ekiseera ekisingayo okuba ekyaddaabirizibwa kyatandika oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa kwa Japan mu Ssematalo II. Mu mpalo w'ensi mu Buwandike (19451995)19522, amateeka amaggya gaateekebwawo mu kifo ekikkaatiisa emirembe, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obufuzi bw'abantu, ne mu kuleetawo embeera y'eby'amateeka era n'obuwangwa, ng'enkola y'enkola.

Omuyaga ogwaddawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo: Emirembe ne Demokulase

Mu 1950 ne 1960, waaliwo obukyayi bwa maanyi ku ndagaano y'obukuumi mu Japan eya Amereka n'Amerika (emanyiddwa nga Ampo egattika) eyaleetera abayizi, abakozi, n'abayivu okuwalirizibwa okulekera awo okuweereza nga Kakiiko k'obukulembeze Nobusuke Kishi era n'eraga n'amaanyi agali mu bantu okulwanirira enkola y'eggwanga. Ekibiina ekyo kya Ampo era kyayamba okunyweza obuwagizi bwa Japan ne kibutwala ng'eggye ek'abaziyiza okulekera awo okufugibwa enzikirizi n'okuziyiza obuwaze.

Mu ngeri eyo, Akakiiko k'Abakomunisiti ak'omu Japan (JCP) kanyweza enkolagana yako n'obutuuze bw'abazanyi n'emirembe, okuteeka mu kifo eky'okuwakanya nukuliya n'entalo ku pulatifo gye biri. Akakiiko akaakuuma enkolagana ku nsonga zino kaakireetera okuba n'enjawulo eya bulijjo wakati w'abo abalwanyisizzaamu ennyo endagaano eyo bwe yali nga yaakamala ddakiika n'omugattiro.

Enkola z’Eby’Obutonde n’Ez’Eby’Okugula mu 1970

Mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970, wajjawo okweyongera kw'eby'enfuna okw'amaanyi mu by'enfuna mu ngeri ereetawo okuyonoonebwa kw'obutonde bw'ensi, era ne kiviirako okusaabala okw'amaanyi mu kkooti z'ensi n'okwekalakalakaasa. Eby'obuzibu gamba nga nnawookeera w'obutwa bw'amaminata mercury, olukonko oluva mu bimera ebya petrochical, n'obulwadde bw'amakoseera okuva ku kwonoonebwa kw'obutonde bw'ensiri nga kiwaliriza gavumenti z'omu kitundu era n'ebibiina by'eggwanga okugoberera amateeka agakwata ku n'obutonde bw'ennono. Wabula, JCP ne Partycion Socialion Party zza bino, ng'ekyasazese essibwa mu mateeka agafuga enziro Liberal democratic Parce (LDrity Party) mu 1970.

Eky'okugula ekya kampuni eyo kyalabika, era kyakulabirako kya basuubuzi abakulemberwa ebibiina nga Shuferen (Gallers’s Association), eyakaka abantu okwogera ku ngeri y'okwerindamu n'okusala ebbeeyi y'ebintu. Ekiseera kino kyanyweza akakwate akali wakati w'abaguliisi n'ebifo ebitegekeddwa mu kitebenkevu.

Mu 1980 ne 1990: Entegeka Empya ez’Abantu

Ekirabo The Ecumity Obportunity Law (ekyakolebwa 1985, kyazjulukuka mu 1997) kyava ku kukakaabirizibwa abakazi era n'okumanyibwa kw'ebyobufuzi okw'abakazi abavvuunulibwa. Ebitongole ebyo tebyatandika kutwala nsonga za bakazi zokka ng'enkola z'ekika ky'ekika kya bannakyewa.

Okuddirira kw'eby'enfuna mu matandika ga 1990 era n'okugattika okw'ebyobufuzi okwaddirira byaleetawo ebibiina ebippya nga New Parbinger ne Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Ebibiina bino byasaba ennimi n'enkola okuva mu bibiina by'abantu, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyo ebyeyagalwa mu by'enkukanfu n'eby'amaanyi ga n'enkola ey'obutonde.

Enkola z’Ekibiina: Engeri Ekibiina gy’Ekibiina Ekikyusamu Enkolagana y’Abantu

Ebibiina by’abantu bikyusa ebibiina by'eby’obufuzi mu Japan nga biyitira mu ngeri ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana:

By’Oyogerako era n’Ekikolwa eky’Ekiragiro

Mu mwaka gwa 2012, abantu baagezaako okuwakanya ebyuma bya nukiriya ebiyitibwa Tokyo ne baleetera abantu abasukka mu 100,000 okutandika okulonda.

Endowooza Ekwata ku Mikutu gy’Emawulire n’Egy’Abalala

Abakola ku by'empuliziganya basobozesa emboozi z'oku ntimbe zombi okusobozesa okuyingiza amawulire ku sistemu n'eby'oku ttivi, ttivi, ne vidiyo okusobozesa emboozi za bonna. Okufaananako 'Twitter' n'okusiiga enzivvuunuzi, okulekawo okuyingiza ebirongoofu ne byewawawa ebikolerwako mu ngeri esobozesa abawagizi okubaako kye bakolawo. Okusaasaana okw'amaanyi okw'ekibiina kya # MeToo mu Japan (208 kukula y'ekya bulijjo) kyakulabirako ekiviirako okunoonyereza ku mateeka agakwata ku kwegatta mu myaka mingi era n'okusibuka enzikiza z'abasajja.

Okunyigirizibwa n’Okupikirizibwa

Ebibiina bingi bikola enteekateeka ey'okukulembera abalonda, ebisemba oba ebiwagizi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekibiina ekiziyiza b'enkola ya nyukliya kiwagidde abo abeetongodde oba abo abeetandikidde obutundu obutono mu 2012 ne 2014, okukubiriza LDP okwongera ku nkozesa ya nukuliya za nukuliya zaayo. Mu ngeri y'emu, ekitongole ekikola ku nkula y'obutonde Japace kiwandisizza ekiteeso eky'okunoonyereza ekifuula ekiwandibwa digiti ekyo ekikyusa empaka olw'enjvu.

Emikutu Egikola ku Bitundu

Ebibiina ebimu bissaawo enkolagana ennungi n'abagatte okuyitira mu nkiiko, okunoonyereza ku mateeka oba okunoonyereza. Japan Trade Union Confederation (Rengo), ekitongole ekibadde kikolera emirimu egisinga obunene mu ggwanga, kye kisinziiddeko mu kuzzaawo enzikkiriza enzikkiriza ez'amateeka ez'e Democraticism Institute of Japan, okutereeza enzijaamu n'enkyukakyuka mu by'emirimu. Environmental NJOS era ne DPJ ate oluvannyuma CDP okuzzaamu amaanyi ku by'enkola.

Okunoonyereza ku Kakwate k’Enkolagana y’Abantu

Oluvannyuma lw’Olukushima, Ekibiina kya Nuku Ekiwagira Enkuba ya Nucrative

Mu Maaki 2011 ekibamba kya nukiriya ekyakolebwa mu Japan kyayitirira mu kiseera kya kabenje. Japan bwe kyali nga tekinnagwawo, amasannyalaze gaava ku maanyi ga nukiriya nga 30 ku buli kikumi. Abakozi baayo baawaayo ddala “ekifo kya nukiriya.” Ekibamba ekyo kyaviirako okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi okuva mu 1960s Anto. Buli wiiki ku bbali 50,000 okutuuka ku 100,000 okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2012.

Mu kulonda okwa 2012, LDZO Abe yasooka okukulembera Shinzo okukomyawo obubaane obwa zzaabu naye n'asuubiza okujjulula emitindo gya nukiriya. Mu kiseera kye kimu, DPJ, eyali mu buyinza mu kiseera ekyo, yagendera ku “nfuumuulo wa nukiriya”. Japan Resolution Party and Your Party. Wadde nga n'ekibiina kya LDP kyawangula okulonda, ekitongole ekyo kyasembera ne kisobozesa ebiti bya shwiro kuzimba ebizimbe ebipya ebya kawere.

Gavumenti eza Abe ezigoberera enkuumi zaayongera amaanyi ga nukuliya era okuziyizibwa kwa bantu ne kweyongera. Omwaka 2018 we gwatuukira, amakovu ga LDP gaawalirizibwa okuteekako amaanyi ga nukuliya 202% omwaka gwa 2030 we gwatuukira mu butono bw'ebiruubirirwa ebya firiiji nga tegasukka ku biruubirirwa ebya firika ebya . Ekibiina ekyo kyalaga nti tekijja kukozesa nnyo amaanyi ga nunickuliya okusobola okukyusiza ddala amasannyalaze.

Ekibiina ky’Abakazi eky’Eddembe n’Eby’Okwawulawo Abantu

Enteekateeka ya Japan ey'abantu ab'ekikula eky'ekikula ekimu evudde ku sipiidi ya maanyi naye yakulaakulanye nnyo mu 2010. # Medi Too, awamu n'empalana ez'obuswavu mu maka nga Shiori Ito akaayunja (munnamawulire eyawaayiriza mu lujjudde omukuŋŋaanya w'ebikwata ku ttivi atutumufu) n'okutuluguza ebikolebwa ku mirimu. Mu ngeri y'emu, ekiragiro kya LDP kyayisa etteeka mu 2017 eryazkyungibwawo etteeka eriddamu okukwatibwa abakazi, wadde nga baavumirira nti okukwatibwa kukolebwa mu ngeri emala.

Ebibinja by'abakazi era byakola kaweefube ow'okussaawo “obukulembeze obwa bannabyabufuzi” wansi w'obuyinza obwa Abe, obwali bugezaako okwongera ku busobozi bw'abakazi obw'okukolera awamu. Wadde nga enkola eno yavumirirwanga obutakwata ku ttuluba lya byuma, era nga n'ebiruubirirwa bya bannabyabufuzi bikulu.

Ekivuddemu ekisingirayo ddala okulabibwa kwe kweyongerayongera kw'ebitiibwa mu kalulu akakolebwa abakazi. Mu kawunta k'abakazi akafuga enkola y'abakazi. Mu 2021, okulonda okwakolebwa okw'abakazi 18% ku mapeesa ga baawangula ebifo (ku buli kikumi ku mataba), olw'okuba abakungu baatwala abangi mu by'enjigiriza nga Kaweefube w'abakazi okukyusa []

Enkyukakyuka mu Mbeera n’Enkyukakyuka mu Nsi

Mu Japan, okuttiŋŋana okw'obutonde kwava mu lutalo olw'omu kitundu ne kireetawo okusattulukuka kw'obwenkanya. Greta Thunberg yaluŋŋamya ekiteeso ky'essomero lya Japan, abavubuka Abajapani baategeka olutaano olw'ebbanga lya Future Japan mu 2019, ne kiviirako enkumi n'enkumi z'abayizi okwenyigira mu kaweefube mu bibuga Tokyo ne mu bibuga ebirala.

Mu 2020, CDP eyali yaakakolebwa yalimu ekiruubirirwa eky'okutuuka ku kyenyi ekya SEK - sero mu 2040, nga kisinga ekirango ekya 2050 ekiba ky'omulimu. LDP yakyogera nga yeeyongera okunyweza ensengeka y'obudde bwakyo, nga ekyakolebwa nga 2030 ku mitendera nga 46% ekendeezeddwako ddala okuva ku 2030 (eb'eb'eb'eb'omu 2013). Ssenti eyo yagobererwa olw'okupikirizibwa okw'ensi yonna n'okupikirizibwa kw'eby'ekitongole, era n'enkola y'ekikulaavu, abavubuka ebbeetaagisa obukulembedde mu kaweefube w'okukuba kalulu.

Kaweefube ow'okuwerako ow'omu kitundu era alina kinene ky'akola. Okugaana enkola ey'okukwata amasannyalaze amanda mu kifo ekyo, yalemesa CDP okuwera ebimera ebipya ebizimbibwa mu manda amapya. PLD, wadde nga bibadde tebigattiddwamu nnyo, okuziyizibwa okwo kwakolebwa nga kiwayitibwawo enzijizo n'okuwengeramu amaanyi agavamu.

Okukola n’Enkola z’Abalala

Okuyitirira mu mulimu ogwa bulijjo n'ogw'ekitundu (ogwo oguyitibwa “ogw'esumulula” ne“ogw'abatakola mu budde”) kyakubiriza okutandikawo emirimu okuva mu 1990 n'okweyongerayo. Ebibiina nga Unionts [ ne GU]GUMENT Union [[]] Gijijijirimu enkanyi zonna, obutebenkevu n'obusobozi. Ebibiina bino byekubidde ku mukono ogwa kkono, naddala CDP ne JCP, okusobozesa enziggezo ez'omulimu okulongoosebwa mu matsinda gaabbo.

Mu 2018, gavumenti ya Japan yayisa etteeka erigobererwa omulimu ogw'okukyusa emikutu gy'enkola eryali lisasula essaawa ezisukka mu ssaawa zenkana eza bulijjo era nga liragira omusaala gwenkana okukola omulimu nga(w'omulembe ogwaleetebwa abawagizi abawagizi. Wadde ng'amateeka gaawerebwa, enkola yago yawa obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi. CDP ne JCP zeeyongera okusigira ab'enkola ez'enkalakkalira, nga buli kiseera bajuliza ebbeetaazaago mu nkola yaabwe.

Okinawa Base Propection

Abatuuze b'omu Okinawa bawayirizza nnyo amagye g'Amerika ku kizinga kyabwe nga basaba okuggalawo profiles productive sport Futenma era n'okukendeeza ku bumenyi bw'amateeka n'ennyimba ebiva ku nkola ya ssemazinga. Bino byenyigidde nnyo mu by'obufuzi bw'eggwanga lya Japan. Abantu b'omu Amerika babadde bagoberera essomero lya JCP ne CDP, ne CDP okuziganya n'okuddaabibwawo mu k'ekitongole ekiwakanya okuzikomyawo.

LDP okutwalira awamu ewagira omukago oguva mu kukolagana n'eggwanga lya Amerika naye ereeseewo enkyukakyuka ku mbeera y'obutonde n'enkuba, era ekkiriza okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono mu nkola z'ekitongole ekikola enfuumukko.

Ebibiina n’Ekibiina Byeegoberera

LGBTQ+ Rights

Ekiragiro kya Japan LGBTQ+ kikoze ekyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu myaka egyakayita. Wadde nga wabaddewo obutalingana mu bufumbo mu ggwanga, okugattikanya kw'ebigambo ku mateeka ku bantu abasukka mu 100. Ekibiina kyakulaakulana mu 2021 mu 2021 kkooti y'Abasapporo bwe yasalawo nti okugaana obufumbo obw'ekika kya bannamuno kwali tekukkirizibwa. CDP yawanulira ddala okuba n'obwenkana mu ku bufumbo obwa bulijjo mu kifo kyakyo eky'okulonda 2021.

Obulamu bw’Abaddugavu Bukulu mu Japan

Ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku bantu ab'eggwanga ku nsi yonna ekiyitibwa Black Live Matter kyakabeerera mu Japan mu 2020 olw'okusosola abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo. Abalwanyi ba Japan baatandikawo obukankano mu Tokyo, Osaka, ne mu bibuga ebirala. Bino byawaliriza abantu okusala obusosoze mu mawanga mu pulatifoomu omulundi gwabwe ogwasooka. CDP ne JCP kati bibaamu ebitundu ebivumirira okusosoosa n'okuwagira amateeka agakwata ku busosoze.

Abantu Bakola nga Bannakyewa nga Waguddewo Akatyabaga

Japan bwe yayolekagana n'obutyabaga obw'omu butonde [1] Musisi ow'omu 1995, musisi ow'omu masekkati ga Japan ow'omu masekkati ga 2011, ne musisi ow'omu masekkati ga 2011, ekiwayi kyaleetera ekibiina kya bannakyewa okukola nga bannakyewa. Ebibinja bino byenyigidde okuteekateeka ebibamba ebizze birongoosebwa, okujjanjaba ebirowoozo, n'okuddaabiriza ebitongole ebizimba ebizimbe.

fundikira

Ebibiina ebikola ku by'obufuzi mu Japan byekubidde ku nkola y'enkola y'ebituuti, nga biwa endowooza ez'enjawulo wakati w'abantu n'eby'obufuzi. Okuva ku nteekateeka y'emirembe oluvannyuma lw'olutalo n'enkyukakyuka ez'omulembe guno, okupikirizibwa kw'emiti giwayirizza abantu okufuga oba okuziyizibwa.[2] Okusobola okukyusa enkola zaabwe, ennyimba n'enkola ez'okulonda. Wadde nga n'enkola za PLDP ziziyiza okukkirizibwa mu bujjuvu okw'ekibiina, z'eraga nti zisobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo mu nsiko.

Japan egenda okuyolekagana n'ebizibu ebirala gamba ng'okukyuka kw'obutundu bw'abantu, enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka z'obudde, obukuubagano mu by'obufuzi, n'obusosoze mu biwandikiro, obuwagizi obwa bulijjo busigala nga bukulu. Abo abagoberera enkola eno bajja kweyongera okukozesa enkola y'okwekalakaanya, eby'empuliziganya, n'okukuba obululu okuleetera abantu okukyusiza obukiiko bwabwe okubutuukiriza. Okutegeera nti kino kya mugaso nnyo eri buli muntu ayagala okumanya engeri demokulase mu nsi emu ey'omu Asiya esingira enzikiza ennyo.

Okusobola okwongera ku kabi akali mu bibiina by'eggwanga lya Japan, laba okunoonyereza okw'ekikungo nga Patricia Steinhoff ku by'ebiwandiiko eby'okwekalakaanya[ ne lipoota ezaakamala okuva mu Japan Times ku kikolwa eky'okukwataganya ekigenda mu maaso[ ne