Okutandika

Enkolagana wakati w'amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu mu nsi yonna teyenkanankana. Wadde nga Amerika yeewadde ng'omulwanyisi w'eddembe mu nsi yonna, enkola y'enkola egoberera emitindo gy'enkukanya z'abantu mu nsi yonna ekyawakanyizibwa era nga gidda mu nkyukakyuka. Emitindo gy'enkola egya demokulasesracutications, enkola y'Amerika, okumanyibwa kw'enkankanizo z'abantu mu nsi yonna, era n'abo abagiyungako baaw'okumanyibwa nga bawagidde enkola y'eddembe ly'abantu, era n'okugakkiriza enkola yaago ezibakugira obuteegguzi. Kyokka, emitindo gino egy'ensi yonna gikozesa eddembe eri abasomesa, abanyabitongole b'eby'amateeka, n'abantu abanoonya engeri y'okukwata ku nkola y'eby'amateeka mu nsi yonna. Era, okutegeera ensonga ezo ziyinza okugoberebwa mu ngeri y'okuziyiza amateeka.

Emitindo gy’Eddembe ly’Omuntu egyaliwo edda

Entegeka z'eddembe ly'abantu ez'omu kiseera kino zaalabika butereevu okuva ku Ssematalo II. Ebikolobero ebyakolebwa mu kutulugunya abantu mu kiseera ky'Abanazi, ebikolwa eby'obukambwe mu ntalo, n'okwegaana eddembe erya nnamaddala byawaliriza abantu mu nsi yonna okuteekawo omutindo ogw'ekitiibwa ky'abantu. Mu 1945, akakiiko k'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte kaakakasa nti "Okukkiririza mu nnukuta z'abantu enkulu," era emyaka esatu oluvannyuma kyagobererwa ekibiina kya UNIOLL Declaract of Human Rights (UDHR) ne kitandika n'ekibiina kya American General Assembly. Wadde nga UDHR si ndagaano y'ensonga enkulu, era n'amateeka agaagobereddwawonna . Ekyakulabi kino kyatandikawo etteeka lya UDHR.

UDHR yagobererwa n'ebiwandiiko ebisatu ebiwandiikiddwawo International Common Rights ne Political Rights (ICCPR) awamu ne International Commonment on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), byonna byatongozebwa mu 1966 era ne biyingizibwa mu buyinza bwa UDHR. awamu ne UDHR, ebiwandiiko bino ebisatu bimanyiddwa nga International Bill of Human Rights Rights. ICPR, naddala birina eddembe lye limu erisangibwa mu U.S. Bill of Rights, courcence, eddiini, era ne kkaaseesaawo n'ebiwandiiko ebimala bikkirizibwa okunnyonnyola ensonga zaayo nga tezirina musango gwa kusinziira ku nsala mu mwaka gwa 1977. United States yateeka omukono ku lukalala oluyitibwa ICCICP. Naye terikkiriza lukalala olwo lw'olukalala lw'olufulumo lw'olusinga obungi olw'ebiragiro ebigamba ebitali bya U.

Wadde nga baayoleka amagezi gano, mu 1994, waaliwo endagaano endala nnyingi ezaakolebwa oluvannyuma lw'olutalo mu 1994 ezandikutte ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu Amerika. Zino zizingiramu endagaano ekwata ku kumalawo Enzivvuunula z'Ebirawulo Byonna eby'Ebirawulo (CERD, ebyasagibwa U.S. Convention Against Torture (CAT, eyakkirizibwa mu 1994). Kyokka, endagaano endala enkulu, gamba nga Convention on the Convention of All Creamment Arection of the Active Word (CEDAW) ne Convention ku ntegeka z'abaana (CRC), ebikkirizibwa mu 1994, nga zisigala nga zigattiddwawo mu Amereka era nga ziretwaliddemu ku bufuzi bw'ensi yonna.

Ebyuma Ebiweesa Eddembe ly’Abantu mu Nsi Yonna

Okusobola okutegeera engeri emitindo gy’empisa mu Amerika gye gikwata ku ddembe ly’abantu, kyetaagisa okumanya ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ngeri esingayo obulungi n’ebyo ebiri mu mateeka ga Amerika.

  • [[AKM:0] Ekirabo ekikontana ku Ddeclaration of Human Rights (1948) – Teyatwalibwa nga ndagaano, naye ng'etteeka ery'ekinnansi mu nsi yonna. Emirundi mingi kkooti ez'omu Amerika era ne bawagira enkola eyo baagitwala nga ttuufu.
  • [[AK:0] Ekiragiro kino kiwagidde endagaano ey'ensi yonna ekwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu n'ery'eby'obufuzi (1966) – Ryakugirwa gavumenti ya Amerika mu 1992. Kaadi 6 (ekirabo okutuusa ku bulamu) n'Akatundu 7 (okukutulugunyizibwa) bye bawawawa ku kubonerezebwa okw'ekibonerezo n'okusibibwa.
  • [[NKULA] [[:0] Convention Against Torture (1984) – Ratudiation mu 1994. Ebiragiro bya U.S. ebikwata ku kubuuza n'okuyisa abo ababa bakuŋŋanizza ebikolebwa, naddala nga wayiseewo 9 oba 11.
  • [[AK:0] Olukuŋŋaana olw'Ebibiina olw'Enjawulo mu Ngeri ez'Edda Ku Kumalawo Enzijjuvu ey'Enjawulo (1965) – Yanywezebwa mu 1994. Yakozesebwa mu kusoomoozebwa olw'enkwaso enjawukana ez'eggwanga n'okulonda.
  • American Declaration of the Rights and Dusties of Man (1948) – Kyenyi ekikozesebwa mu kitundu ekyasooka UDHR. kyatongozebwa kkooti ya Amereka ekola ku ddembe ly'obuntu era oluusi kyakozesebwa mu ddembe ly'abantu mu U.S.
  • [[AKM:0] Ekikongoze ku Ddembe ly'Abantu Abalema (2006)[FULT:1] –ako akaawulibwa ekitongole kya Amerika mu 2009 naye nga tewakkirizibwa. Wadde kiri kityo, emisingi gyaakyo gikakasizza ku Baamereka abalina akakwate akalagaze ak'obulema (ADA).

Ebiwandiiko bino tebimala gawanyisa mateeka ga Amerika. Wansi w'enjigiriza eya Amereka, endagaano zitwalibwa nga "Amateeka agasingayo obukulu ag'ensi (Atenta VI, Claus 2). Naye kkooti enkulu ebaddeko obukakafu okumala ebbanga ddene nti si muntu ye kennyini yeetaaga okuteekawo amateeka agafuga omu omu ku lulwe. Ekivuddemu, amateeka agafuga eddembe ly'obuntu gatera okukola ng'ekiwandikiro ekikulembera mu kifo ky'ekiragiro eky'omu mateeka ekiteeyagazaamu. Kkookolo kifuga enkola y'okussaawo enjjuluzi, okutereeza endowooza, okuyingiza ebiwandikiro, n'okusobozesa ebibiina ebikola enzikirizo okugaziwa enzikirizibwamu.

Engeri y’Okugobereramu Ebibakwatako

Okutegeera engeri ezo kiyamba okutegeera ensonga lwaki amateeka ga Amerika ne mu nsi nnyingi tegalina buyinza ku bantu.

Okunnyonnyola mu Ngeri ey’Okusaliramu Omusango

Kkooti z'omu Amerika zitera okutegeeza enzivvuunuzi z'eddembe ly'abantu mu nsi yonna nga zitegeera amateeka. Wadde nga Kkooti Enkulu ekoze enkyukakyuka, obujulizi obumu bulaga amaanyi g'amateeka ag'ensi yonna. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Roper v. Simmons[[FL:1] [2005] [200], Kkooti eyo yayogera ku Kkomo lya IVP n'Ekiwandiiko ku ddembe ly'omwana okuwagira etteeka lyayo erimenya amateeka g'abaana. ['ekitongole kya 'C] mu ngeri y'ekitongole kya Leempireekkumi n'enkola. [[2]

Omukulembeze

Ebiteeso by'ekibiina ky'ekibiina ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte bitera okuteeka enjogera ku b'ekibiina ky'obwannakyewa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole ekya CEDAW (1994) kyewandiisemu ebigambo nga, wadde nga gavumenti ya Amerika tewakakasa nti endagaano eyo ekwata ku nfuna y'eddembe ly'obuntu ekkirizibwa. Ebibiina by'eby'eddembe ly'abantu biwandiikibwa lipoota mu buwandikiro obutongole bwa UN ebitongole ebiwandiikibwa enziko, ebiwandiikizo nga biragira nti ebibiina by'annaawuzi by'obumenyi by'amateeka bikozesa okukaka abawandiisi b'amateeka okuwakanya U. .[8] Ekiragiro kakiiko kakiiko kampuni akakwata ku ddembe ly'obwa abantu kalina okuteeka mu kifo eky'okusibawo amawulire era ne ku ku kubuuzabuyinza okuyingiza obujuliziganya amateeka amapya.

Mbeera y'Ettabi eriragibwako

Ofiisi y'ettabi esobola okubaamu emitindo gy'ennamba z'abantu okuyitira mu biragiro bya bakungu ba gavumenti, ebitongole, n'ebitongole ebirala. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Omukulembeze w'eggwanga Barack Obama yateekawo olukalala lw'obuyinza ku gavumenti. Ekiragiro kino kyassaawo omulimu ogw'okwekenneenya enkola za poliisi mu kiseera kya Fergusonson, Missouri, era kyawaanyisa ddala ebiwandiiko bya U.S. ebigooweetwalibwa CERD ne CAT. Mu ngeri y'emu, ekitongole kya State’eggwanga ku buli mwaka ebitongole ekikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu (Rountments) bye bikozesebwa okukebera amawanga amalala, naye enkola y'eggwanga era n'ego egifuga mu ngeri y'obwenkanyaamu. Mu kiseera kya Trump, ettabi lyabwerukiraanyiizi y'enkola ku ddembe lya bantu mu nsi yonna, naye nga kiragira ekitongole kya Biden ekiwandikiro eky'okuzza enfuga n'eggwanga ku busosoze.

Ekiyinza Okubaako Kye Bikola ku Kuteebwa kw’Abatuuze ab’Eby’Obulaaya

Emitindo gy’eddembe eriri mu nsi yonna gisse ku ddembe ly’abantu mu bitundu ebiddako ne kwekenneenya ebifo bisatu omuli emitindo egyo.

Eddembe ly’Okwogera n’Okwogera

Ekitongole kino kiwa obulagirizi ku ddembe ly'obuntu. Mu nkola y'amateeka 19 mu ICPR, eddembe ery'okwogera liyinza okuba nga likosebwa okusobola okukuuma eddembe ly'abalala.[FOL] oba "Eddembe ly'obuntu likiwadde olukalala olw'ennyimba, era lisiikiriza okukyayibwa n'okusiigibwa obwetaaze okw'amateeka g'ensi yonna. Mu nkola ekitundu 19 ekya ICPR, eddembe ery'okunnyonnyola ebigambo liyinza okuba nga liko ekkomo okusobozesa okuteeka emitindo gy'ensi yonna okuwakanya oba okulwanirira eddembe ly'abalala.[FL:0] Enkola enkuufu w'enkulemberwa y'obukuumi obwa U.[FLFF:1] Ziraw'ewagidde ennyo amateeka agakwata ku by'emboozi oba okuzza obutongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole. Ate era ekyo kiyongera amaanyi mu ku ku ku ku kuwagira enkola y'obutebe bw'amateeka obwa waggulu.

Nga Mmugwanira Okuba Gwange

Eddembe ly'okwekweka eriri mu nsi yonna likuumibwa mu bitongole ebikola ku ntegeka z'abantu. Olukalala 17 olwa ICPR lugamba: "Tewali n'omu ajja kuddizibwa obwama bwe oba obumenya amateeka. Ekiragiro kya U.S. tekirina bukakafu bwa kyennyini naye Kkooti enkulu ewamu omuntu yenna okuva ku b'empandika eza Ddembe z'enkwaso. Emitindo gy'ensi yonna giryenyigidde era ne giddibwako mu kitundu kino. [[FLY:0] Race v. Wade[[FLT:][11] [73]), okunnyonnyola kwa Kkooti kwa Kkooti n'ebitundu eby'obusenzizo kyava mu ngeri gye bifulumya emitindo gy'ebyuma eby'omubiri mu nsi yonna, wadde nga okulabula okw'okusinga okumanyibwa obukya obukya obukya obukyayi mu nsonga mu mawanga. Ekkulemberombe erimu, ebifulumivuvuvuulidde mu mawanga ebiva mu mawanga ebirala ebisukka mu mawanga ebitaano binnyonnyola ebiva mu mawanga ebirala ebi

Obusosoze

Etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu nsi yonna lyakola nnyo mu kukyusa etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu U.S.. mu 1964, Civil Rights Act, The Fair Howar Act, ne Amerikas abalina obutakasaamulaze byonna ebyoragiddwa mu ndagaano nti U.S. oluvannyuma yakkiriza oba yatongozebwa. Convention on the Arecumental constution of Confuciation (Crective Recultments (CED) yalagibwa abakkiri mu kuwagira okusoosa kwa bayizi, okusosola, n'okulonda oluvanyuma lw'enjo mu masomero. [[FLT] Fister] mu .[FOFOLD][1], nga kye kimu ku nsonga enkulu ey'ensi yonna ereeteddwawo mu ku nsonga z'okwetaba, era nga tekigobereddwawo ddala mu ku ku ku kugibwa kwa CERCORUS'eggwanga. Era, mu ngeri y'okugikkirizamu, era n'ensonga enkulu eyamu eyamu eyamu, mu Bufunze mu Bufunze mu

Obwenkanya n’Okuvunaanibwa Abasirikale

Emitindo gy'ennamba z'abantu mu Amerika gyeyongera okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'amateeka mu nkola y'amateeka mu Amerika naddala ku bikwata ku kukozesa obuwaŋŋani, obusosoze mu langi, n'embeera z'omu kkomera. Convention Against Torture (CAT) egaana empalana, empalana oba okufeebezebwa, era UN Special Rapporteur on Trappeur (Ekkomo ly'eggwanga) era n'eyisa obubi, era n'ekiralabo kyawandidde nnyo amawulire nti ebikolwa ng'ebyo eby'okusubwa ab'eggwanga mu ggwanga mu kifo eky'okusibibwa bokka, n'okusibibwa obugobeessa mu mateeka, n'okuttibwa kw'amateeka, era gavumenti y'omulembedde mu ngeri eterebwa obutereegobeezebwa mu mateeka g'ensi yonna. Wazze mu ngeri ey'okugoba amateeka ga Bunnamu.

Ebizibu n’Ebizibu Ebiba Bizzeewo

Wadde nga waliwo enkola ez'enjawulo ezoogeddwako waggulu, abantu abamu bagamba nti amateeka ga Amerika gataataaganya obufuzi bwa Amerika, era nti gakontana n'empisa z'ensi era nti galeetera ebibiina by'ensi yonna okuba n’obuyinza obutamanyika.

Obufuzi n’Ebiragiro by’Etteeka

Bannamerika bangi nga mw'otwalidde abalamuzi n'abalabirizi b'amateeka, batunuulira amateeka g'entegeka z'abantu mu nsi yonna nga babuusabuusa olw'okuba gayinza okulemesa enkola ya demokulase. Munsi ya gavumenti za Amerika, gavumenti zirina obuyinza bungi ku mateeka ga bamenyi b'amateeka, eby'enjigiriza, n'ebitundu ebirala gye bikolera ennyo. Endagaano z'eddembe ly'abantu we ziggukira okusobozesa okusa etteeka oba okujjulula amateeka aga demokulase. Ebiwandikiro ebyo ebiteesiteesiteesiteesiteebwa ku mateeka ga demokramenti z'abantu okusobola okuwanirira obufuzi obwa bulijjo.

Okuziyiza Eby’obufuzi n’Enjawulo

Okuva mu 1990, okutongozebwa kw'endagaano ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu kweyongedde nnyo. Abavumirira ebiwandiiko eby'eddagala bagamba nti emikono nga CEDAW ne CRC gye gisobozesa abantu okwongera okukola emirimu egitali gimu mu mbeera z'abantu, era nga bawagira eddembe eriva mu kuggyamu eb'obukazi oba ekkomo ku bazadde. N'ekivuddemu, U.S. tewakkirizza KKOP, CRD, oba ICESCCCCCR, wadde nga gissa omukono ku gisinga obungi ku byo. Okuwakanya okw'eby’obufuzi era kulaga eddembe erinaaweeggulawo mu "errevies, ennyints, n'okutegeera" (RS) bye bireetebwa mu mitendera gy'ensi egyakkirisibwa mu mateeka agakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okutuukirizibwa kw'amateeka g'ekirala enzikkiriza okukugira okubonerowo. ate nga mu mateeka agamu agamu tegattiddwa mu mateeka g'ensi endala.

Kampuni z’Okwatuukiriza

Ne bwe kiba nti emitindo gy'enkuunzulwa tegikkirizibwa mu nsi yonna, okugituukiriza kyetaagisa okuteeka alipoota mu bibiina by'ekibiina kya UN, naye alipoota zino oluusi zibuusa amaaso okumenya amateeka, era okusemba okugobererwa tekutera kugobererwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, akakiiko ka ntegeka za ddembe z'abantu mu nsi yonna kasabye U.S. okukomya ekibonerezo mu masomero ga U.S. okuwera okuwera ekibonerezo ky'abamenyi b'amateeka okusobola okuggyawo obusosoze obw'enjereere mu langi, n'okuggyawo ekitebe ekigo mu Guannamo Bay. Tewaliwo ku magezi gano agabadde gateereddwa mu bujjuvu.

Obuyigirize n’Okumanya Abantu

Okusobola okuzzaawo enjawulo wakati w'emitindo gy'entegeka z'abantu mu nsi yonna n'egy'eggwanga, kyetaagisa okufuba okw'amaanyi. Kaakati, ebiva mu masomero g'abantu n'ebyafaayo bingi, kumpi bissa essira ku mateeka g'ensi, okuyisa eddembe ly'abantu ng'enjigiriza enfuge oba et'ebutali ya bulijjo. Okusobola okuteekawo eddembe ly'abantu abalina obusobozi bw'okugoberera emitindo gy'abantu mu nsi yonna, abasomesa balina okuteeka obuyigirize obwa n'obuyigirize obwa bulijjo mu njigiriza zaabwe. Amakanisa nga [[FLT:] Eddembergyments , [[FLT:]], [AFLT]] Kino kiyinza okukifuula eky'obusobozi bw'abantu mu Amerekawo obumu mu nsi yonna okuba nga bweyagazaamu ebitongole eby'omulembedde mu ku ku ku ku nsonga z'obutebe bw'obutebe bw'amateeka.[FLT:] Era, awatali kuginnyonnyola mu ngeri ey'okuteekawo ekitongole ekigo, ekigo kiyinza okusobozesa okumanyisa okuteekawo okuteekawo

Eky'okukozesa ekirala eky'omuganyulo kwe kukozesa Lipoota ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu awamu ne lipoota eziva ku kabonero oba ekirango ky'obudde. Abayizi basobola okwekenneenya engeri ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti gye biwandiisaamu lipoota endala mu bitongole bya UN. Kino tekiyigiriza bukugu mu kuwandiika na kunoonyereza kyokka naye era kiwa abayizi amaanyi okulaba nti basobola okwetwala okuba abawagizi okuva mu bibiina ebikola emitindo gya bantu oba nti basekerera emikutu gya UN egikolagana n'amateeka agatali ga gavumenti. Ekiruubirirwa kino si kya kukyusa mateeka ga Kibiina naye era n'olulimi olugattiddwako olulaga nti abayizi bonna bakkirizibwa okukkiririza abo aboogera enfuga.

fundikira

Emitindo gy'ennamba z'abantu mu nsi yonna girina kye gikola ku ddembe ly'abantu ab'omu Amereka. Ekiseera ekyo bwe kyaggwaako, wajjawo okukyoka okumanyisa okw'enjawulo okukwata ku ddembe ery'enjawulo mu Amerika. Okuyitira mu nnyimba z'eby'obufuzi, okussaawo empandika, n'okufuga, emitindo egiva ku UDHR, ICCR, CERD, ne byuma ebirala ebitegekebwa nga bimanyisa ennukuta ez'enjawulo ku nsonga za kinnoomu, ebigambo, era nga biremedwa. Kyokka, okugattikana, n'okusala omusango ku nsonga z'obufuzi, n'okuziyiza, ebikolebwa bikakasa nti amateeka g'ensi yonna gasigala nga [[FLT:][FLT][1] ekiragiro ekya waggulu. Ekirabono kye kiva mu mateeka amatuufu mu Amerika, kweyoleka bulungi. Empala emitindo gy'abantu okwawukana ku bwe gimu era nga gikkiriziddwa mu mateeka amagattise.

Abasomesa n'abayizi bategeera bulungi enkolagana eno. Ebasobozesa mulembe ogujja okukozesa ebintu ebinaabayamba okumanya amateeka agakwata ku nsi, okugonjoola obutali bwenkanya nga bakozesa ebigambo ebikkirizibwa mu mateeka, era n'okwenyigira mu kunyumya okwetooloola ensi yonna ku makulu g'eddembe. Ensi bw'egenda yeeyongera okukwatagana, ensalo wakati w'eddembe ly'abantu mu maka n'entegeka z'abantu mu nsi yonna zijja kuba zaabuguudo, ne kiviirako okumanya kuno okuba okwetaagisa okusobola okufuna obutuuze.