Embeera y’Ennimi ne Mbeera Embi mu Japan: Engeri Emikago gy’Eby’Eby’obufuzi gye Ginaakyusamu Enkyukakyuka z’Ennansi mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso g’Eggwanga

Ng'omuwendo gwa carbon dioxide ow'okutaano ogukyasinze okugaziwa mu nsi yonna n'eby'enfuna G7 ebigendera ku masannyalaze aga bulijjo, Japan ewaba nga tewakyaliwo nkyukakyuka ya maanyi mu mbeera y'obudde. Gavumenti ga gavumenti gakoze ekisinziirwako okugonjoola ekizibu ky'embeera y'obudde, buli kimu kyeyoleka nti embeera y'eby'eby'enfuna esobola okutuukagana n'embeera y'eby'eby'enfuna, amaanyi g'obutonde n'eby'obudde. Kino kikebera engeri ebibiina bya Japan gye byewandikidde ku nkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde.[1] Okuva ku t'ekitongole ekipya ekibadde kiziyiza embeera y'obudde mu ggwanga okusobola okutuukana n'obutaka bw'ekimu 2050.

Ebitundu by’Eby’obufuzi eby’omu Japan n’Ekitongole Ekikola ku Ssekukkulu

Okuva mu 1955, enkola y'eby'obufuzi mu Japan yeesigamizibwa ku Liberal Democratic Party efuga kumpi ekiseera kyonna oluvannyuma lw'ewamba, nga emirundi mingi kyeyisa n'ekya Pcentrist Komeito. Enkola ya LDP ereeseteese okusobozesa enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka, enkola za kampuni, n'enkola za tekinologiya mu kukyusa ebizimbi oba eby'obukulembedde. Amagatte nga “‘ Abaziyiza / democratic Democratic Par (CDP), ekika ky'Abakomunnabizi (JCP), nen Hin I Shin, Reiwa Shin Shingumi, ne Democratic Party Party mu bantu (DFP).[8]

Ebiragiro by'embeera y'obudde mu Japan birina ensonga ez'enjawulo ezikola ku nsonga zino: ekibamba kya nukiriya ekyakolebwa mu 2011 mu Fukushima Daichi, ekyaziba ebisinga obungi mu byombo bya nukiriya mu nsi eyo; okwetaaga ennyo omukka gwa nukuliya ogw'omu nsi endala oguva mu nsi endala; omukka gwa gramuneennyonyi, amalaanyi, ne amafuta; abantu abakaddiye abatayagala bya nfuna ku nfuna y’eby’enfuna y'ensi eno; n'ekitongole kya maindala ekiziyiza okukomyanya okutakkiriza okutaasa kw'obudde.

Mu Kwekenneenya Ebibiina Ebikulu

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) – Technological Pragmatism erimu ekigear ekitonotono

LDP yeeyagaliza okutuukiriza obutuufu olunyiriri lw'ekitongole kino nga tekiryesezza kubaako ludda lw'obwa bulijjo. Ekiwandikiro ekyalangirizibwa kati nga 2050, omutwale Omwawufukuto YoshiPhide Suga 2020. Kyokka, enkola y'ekibiina kino eyoleka enkola ey'okukyusiza mu kuleetawo “enkyukakyuka ez'enjereere” (GX) mu kifo ky'okusuubira okukendeeza oba okulagira ebiragiro. LDP eyongera okuteeka ekiteeso mu [FL:2]carbon, n'okutereka (CUS), hydrogen-fiijantia mu bimera, ne mu binyannyannyannya bya n'amaguzi ebisinga okuyingiza ebizinyanyannyannya, nga mw'enya ebikongojjuka bya n'amaguzi (MS).

Mu kukola kino, LDP egaanye emitendera egy'okuvaamu amanda. Japan eteekateeka okukola ebifo ebipya ebikolera amanda byegobererwa.[1] Gayimu nga 17 ebipya biri mu kapeti ya hyperter(/'empandiika y'ensi yonna esobola okuggyamu amanda mu nsi endala okuyitira mu bitongole ebigaba b'amanda ebigaba b'omu nsi endala. Omuntu ateekwa okuyingiza amaanyi g'ensi yonna agakolerwa mu kifo ekya kalo akawere ekya 2030 mu kigendererwa ekya kawunzi ez'amaanyi ga nukuliya, 20222%, ate n'ebisawansi ebirala ebiva mu bya kkoyiro ezikola , ate ne kireetebwawo, ekiba nga bannasayansi bangi tebasobola kutuukana ku kyeyagibwawo. Ekitongole ekirango kya Paris.

Olukukuta olw'ebiragiro biri mu LDP. “ekitongole ekikula okuva ku ttendekero ery'ekika kya numa, simenti, ne petrorochine, abawagira enkyukakyuka ezisobola okukuuma ebintu n'emirimu ebiriwo. Ekitongole kino“ obwanvu, ekyatumbulwa abo abali ku kampeesa n'okupikirizibwa okuva ku ttendekero lya bannamuzisa Keidan (ekino kiwagira enkola ya kkomo n'empalizo). Ekikongojjeeze kikulembezza enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ez'okuzza ebikozesebwa mu mulimu. KLDP'2023 GX ExP'SCPCP kireakuzaamu enkola ey'enkola y'ebitundu ebigimu n'okukakaafubya enkola ya bannattumbulamu (muteempulansiko) mu ngeri ey'okuzinyanyanyanyanyanyanyanya okutuukira ku 2033) ne “EXodromenti ~ 2020 . .

Akakiiko era kakola ekitongole kya nukiriya eky'amaanyi mu kukola nga kasemba okuddamu okuweza amasannyalaze agakolerwa ku budde obwa zzaabu. Akakiiko ka Japan era kakola ekikolebwa nga awalala waawerera ddala amasannyalaze aga g'ebyuma ebya nukiriya. Akumi ku gikumi ku gino ekya 33 mu Japan kizzeemu okukozesebwa ate era ne kyongera okuziyizibwa okw'omu mateeka n'okukolebwa mu kitundu. Abayiiya batwala amasannyalaze ga nukuulu ga n'amasannyalaze nga ga bbuuti okusobola okukomya obusanyattu n'obukuumi bwa zzaabuganda bwa Russia obwavaako ebya Ukraine.

Ekika kya Democratic Constitution Party (CDP) – Omusango ogufuga enneyisa ya Bannaakyemalira n'Emitego gy'Obufuzi

Akakiiko akaziyiza Japan akasingayo obunene, CDP, kataddewo ekitongole eky'omu nnene ennyo mu kifo eky'obudde. Kalina enkola ey'okulagira nti carbon tekirina ludda lwayo olw'obufuzi obwa bulijjo omwaka gwa 2050 we gwatuukira nga 60% eky'okukendeeza ku freeces okuva ku 2013 (2035 empandiika y'amanda ekendezesebwako) 2035 .][1] NNKUNENEKALAKO OKUSIIKIRIRAKO TEKA MP OBULUNGI okutuusa mu 2030. Abakkiririza ku ku kiremere eya k'amanda amagazi amagazi amagazi amapya we gagaagibwa, n'okwewerezaamu ku 50% mu mwaka ogwo gwe gumu.

CDP eteeka essira ku kukkusa obunene bw'ensonga [[NKULA] n'okukyusaamu kw'amateeka era n'okusobozesa okuzza obusengeke mu nkola ezikolebwamu ebintu ebya bulijjo, ebiwandikiro n'ebikolerwamu ebikolerwamu shromumu CDP era ne bikakasa nti okukomya amasannyalaze tekutwala bantu b'ebirimu obuwumbi bwa doozi nga obusukka mu 200,000 buli mwaka. Akakiiko kawagira omusolo gwa carbon egattiddwa awamu n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu makolero ga k'amakolero, n'obukkusiro obukolamu obukolebwamu obukolebwamu mu bifo ebya kkopi ebizimbulukubisaamu mu madolo, ne mu Japan ne mu kiseera kino kiyamba CD eya CD eya n'okuziyiza obukubisi obunene obwa n'okebwa n'okuzza ebizimbulukusulo.

Wadde nga baalina ebifo bino eby'amaanyi, CDP yafuba nnyo okulemesa LDP okufuga enfuga. Mu kulonda okwa wansi okwa 2021 okw'ennyumba, akakiiko ako kawangula 96 ku b'obuyinza bwa LDP 261. Enkola zaako ez'embeera y'obudde wadde nga zimanyiddwa ku bantu abakyali abato abalonda mu kibuga, zirowoozebwa buteeberezebwa olw'ebibuga ne mu maindasitiki nga batya okutawaanya eby'enfuna. Akakiiko kano kakeeteeka okukolagana n'abayeekiyeeggulo n'ag'abaziyiza abalala naye nga kikaluunyi okumanyiiranya enkola ya n'enkunamba ez'amaanyi ga n'okuyingiza zzanyukyuza ssente ze zikola mu ngeri enjvumisaamu.

Komeito – Bibiina Ebiyitibwa Centrist

Ng'omukago gwa LDP okuva mu 1999, Komeito gulina kye gukola ku muntu we ow'omunda. Akaka Gakkai, akakiiko akayitibwa KYD, kateeka essira ku ky'okukola mu mirembe, ku mbeera y'obulamu, n'enkolagana wakati w'embeera y'obudde. Embeera y'obudde yaako ne bw'eti obutono mu ya CDP, era nga yasibuka mu nkola ey'amaanyi okusinga eyo eya CDP, era nga ke kaggumiza LDP eri mu kifo eky'okusinga obugkirimu.

Komeito awagira ekiruubirirwa [ 2050] eky'obutabaako ludda lwe kiwagira mu by'obufuzi. Omuntu okusobola okukola ku maanyi ga sseum ne mhepo, era n'okuwagira “abantu abangi” n'ebizimbe ebya kiragala. Akakiiko kano ke kayamba mu kuwagira ebizimbe bya katookebwa bya kaboni [2025 Osaka World ExP] okuba ekikozesebwa mu bukoddiba bwa tekinologiya ebya tekikuwanirira mu bya kompyuta. Komeito era ak'ayitibwa okusobozesa ebitongole bya kompyuta okuteekako awyiro mu bungi mu maka ne g'amasannyalaze, era n'okusobozesa ebikolerwamu ebikolebwako, ebikolebwako bya KFLT, ebikolebwako.[3][3] `broff][b] Kikoma okulekera awo okuwera omulimu ogw'okuwera ennyo. Obuko obwo era n'okkulembebwa kwakolebwa mu nkola y'obukwafumu obw'obutovuzibwa k'obutoffwizito, ebyamanyibwa mu kifo ekya 2023

Komeito awagira enkola ey'amaanyi ga nukiriya ng'egobererwa esobozesa eb'aw'okuseesaawo akasiimuula akatono okuddayo mu bifo omubeera abantu. Akakiiko kalina okukateekako enkyuuka era n'okukolagana n'abantu ab'omu kitundu. Wadde Komeito tekikozesa nkola ya kkannyi okukaka obukulembedde embeera y'obudde ng'abaziyiza abangi, omukago gwe gukusobozesa okukulaakulana mu nkyukakyuka mu kibiina kya Japan.

Ekibinja ky’Abakomunisiti mu Japan (JCP) – Radical Decarbontion and Social transformation

Abakugu ba JCP bategekebwa okukomyawo obusaayi mu bwangu obukolebwa mu bibiina ebikulu. Ekituuti kyayo kyetaagisa ekifo ekijjuvu nga kirimu omuliro oguva mu ttaka ogwakolebwa mu 2030.[1] Nga mwe muli amanda, amafuta, ne gaato, ne omukka ogw'omu butonde (-8] ne 'w'ogwo oguzimizibwa mu mwaka gwa 2025.'ekitongole kya JCP kiteebereza nti amaanyi agafuga 100% ge gayinza okuzza amaanyi g'omuzira mu mwaka gwa 2035, agawandikidwa n'obukyungi obuvanyunzi obwa bulijjo.

Ekiragiro kino kigamba nti ebibiina bya Japan ebinene n'amaanyi gabyo bikoma ku kukyusa mu nkyukakyuka. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu JCP kuzingiramu okuteeka amaanyi agakozesebwa mu ggwanga, okuzzaawo endagaano y'ebyuma eby'amaanyi ga nukiriya mu Japan ne U.S. era n'okusobozesa eby'okulwanyisa okugula eby'obugagga obwa bulijjo mu nteeko.

Wadde nga ekitongole kya JCP kikolera abakiikiridde ebifo 10 byokka mu Nnyumba y'abasindikizi 465, ekitongole ekikile eky'obudde kyeyongera okusikiriza abavubuka abakuba akavwooti n'enkola ey'obutonde. Kyokka, okwetaaga kw'amaanyi agakozesebwa okuggyamu ebikozesebwa mu nnukuta ez'enjawulo mu nnukuta ez'enjawulo, tekiyinza kutwalibwa ng'eby'enfuna oba mu bya bufuzi, nga kikendeeza ku buyinza bwago.

Nippon Ishin nedda – Fiscal Discipline and Technology Spicence

Okwesigamizibwa ku kitundu kya Kansai, Ishin (Japan Innovation Party) y'ekola ekika ky'obusobozi bw'obusobozi bw'obusobozi bw'obukujjukujjukujju. Akakiiko kano kawagira ekigendererwa kya 2050 eky'obuteewagira bwa kaboni naye ke kaggumiza okukolawo enkola y'ekika kya k'eby'eby'obusuubuzi, enkola y'eby'eby'obusuubuzi, n'obukugunjuzi.Ijastin ekola enkola ya carbon prizition n'enkola mu maka, n'okugattiza amaanyi ga n'okukubisaamu amaanyi ga n'okukulembedde mu bya hydrobos.

Ishin awakanya enkola za tekinologiya aw'enjawulo, nga bw'oyitirira okuteeka mu kifo kyayo obukugu obuva ku nkola z'ebikolebwamu oba obuteeso obupya. Akakiiko kano kalina okulagira nti kakwase ebbeeyi z'amasannyalaze empya zikkirize okusobozesa n'okukendeeza ssente ezikozesebwa okugula ebintu. Wadde nga Ishin akkiriza obwetaavu bw'okukendeeza ku ku kukulaakulana kw'eby'enfuna, endowooza y'eby'eby'enfuna y'ekiwanno y'esinga obukulu n'okuvuganya, ebiva mu ku ku kukendeeza omukka ogw'amaanyi. Akakiiko kalina kalina obutundu 44, ne kagifuula okuba nga y'omuganzinjaaaavu n'omukwano mu nnyumba entono.

Reiwa Shinsengumi – Omusango mu Nkukutu ne Fossil Amafuta g’Omunnyo

Yakolebwa Taro Yamamoto mu 2019, Reiwa Shinsengumi, ekitongole ekinoonya enkobyokkati bw'ossawo ebbanja lya kkono. Ekituuti kyayo eky'embeera y'obudde kizingiramu ekiweredde ddala ku kimera ekipya ekikolebwako amanda amapya[, ekireetebwa okuva ku kimera kyonna eky'amanda ekikolebwa omwaka 2030, carbon levy of 030,000 ku buli ton, ne “Deratic New” ekiyinza okuzza obukadde n'obukadde bw'ebimera mu kifo ekizzaamu amaanyi agayinza okuzzibwa, mu kifo ekiddukanyalala, ne mu bizzaamu mu n'okuzzawo ebisigamaguzi.

Akakiiko kalina ekiwagizi ekikoseza obwavu mu nkola y'enkola y'emu, nga kateeka omukutu gwa masannyalaze mu maka agafuna ssente entono. Reiwa Shinsengumi era kawagira enkola eya nukuliya n'enkumbula mu myaka ekkumi egiddako. Ng'ebifo ebisalo ebisatu ebitono mu nnyumba bye byokka ebisobola okusobozesa okukuba empaka ezisingako obwagazi LDP-CDP resolution.

Ekibinja kya Democratic Church for the People (DPFP) – Centrist Nuclear - Relisanment Pragmatism

DPFP, ekyakolebwanga abo abaali mu kibiina kya democratic Party, kikola mu ngeri eya bulijjo era esaanira. Akakiiko kawagira emix ey'ebintu ebiyinza okuzzibwa obuggya, ettima lya nukiriya, n'ery'amasannyalaze ng'ekkubo erisingayo obulungi erituusa ku 2050 ssematalo. Programme ekubiriza okuteeka mu nkola enkola ey'okulongoosa ebimera ebya nukuliya nga bizza empewo n'eggula enjuba egenda eva ku n'okukkawulu.

Akakiiko akamenti kaleetera ekiragiro okukola nga kaboni prigency egenda yeeyongera okusembera mpolampola mu myaka kkumi egiddako era ne kyongera okuggumiza obutebe obuteefu n'ebbeeyi by'ebbeeyi[. Akakiiko kalina obutebe 10 era nga kakolera wamu ne LDP ku sente ezimu eza gramufomu. Wadde nga si muzannyi wa kadiyo asinga obukulu, DPFP era nga ke kabonero akalaga ekisenge ekisenge ekifuga ebbeeta kw'etaasa by'ekireetaasa.

Empaka ez’Enjawulo n’Entalo mu by’Eby’obufuzi

Omumwa Ogutava mu Kasaale: Ddi era mu Ngeri Ki?

Japan esigala nga y'emu ku nsi ezikyasinze okukulaakulanye ennyo mu manda. Empaka za LDP zitaddewo “enhlonvu ey'ebitundu 2030 era zikendeera” naye tezikwaseeko ddala lupya. CDP ne k'ebitundu bya kkono n'eby'amanda, byetaaga ennaku 2030 ez'enkomerero, okumenya ekkubo lya IPCC. Enkasa z'eby'eby'enfuna: froctures awnficiations aw'oku Fukui ne Niigata ewanikibwa omulimu, ng'ate ebikolerwamu n'ebyuma bya kkookkolero bigamba nti amakofu n'ebyuma bya kkookkoberamu. [FLT:][0]

Carbon Pricing: ETS v. Carbon Taxis

LDP egoberera enkola eya ' ey'emasimu aga bulijjo gatandika n'omwaka 2026, nga buli lukusa lwaweebwa okufulumya okw'amaanyi. CDP ne JCP ziwayira ddala omusolo gwa carbon ne redis egenda eddibagirwa. Ishin ewagira ebbeeyi y'enguzi eya carbon egabanyizibwamu awamu n'emisolo gya kaboni egisalibwa mu nzivumbo za bbankani. Omusolo oguli wakati w'omusolo ne ETS guyinza okugwa mu muwendo gwa gavumenti n'ematale. Abasosoozesezza ku nsonga ezigendera ku muwendo gwa karbonbon'okugaba awamu.

Amaanyi ga Nuleevi: Ddamu okuzannya v.P.P.

Amaanyi ga Nuclear gaawula ebitundu ebibiri ku kika kya nucratike. Amaanyi ga nuclear geeyawulamu ebitundu bibiri. CDP ne JCP gatwala n'ensulo ya nukuliya ng'ensibuko ento eyeetaagisa obutwale bwa nukuliya. Amaanyi ago gaagoolekawo obuzibu, obutategekebwa, n'ebbeeyi ez'amaanyi. Endowooza za nukututaazaamu zisigala nga zigattisegana[, nga n'abatuuze bangi abawakanya ebibuga baddayo ebisangibwa mu bibuga naye ne bakkiriza nti bisangibwa mu bifo ebirala ebisaawe. Bannabyabufuzi batwaliramu okutunda ebintu ebibeebwa mu n'amasannyalaze, amasannyalaze, ne mu ngeri ey'okulonda ebyo ebiva ku matoffatiro.

Okukula okw'obwakika n'okukula okw'ekika kya nlanga

Ekiragiro LDP kisobozesa emmotoka okweyongera okumanyiira embeera z'obudde. N'olwekyo, abatuuze b'amasannyalaze bagezaako okulemesa empandika zino okukozesa ebbeetuka, n'emirimu egikolebwa mu masannyalaze. Ebiwandikiro ebiri ku ludda lwa LDP okukka wansi w'obudde obwo, nga biraga nti ekkubo eriba likyamye liba kkebeesa okukendeeza amaanyi n'ebintu. Omutemwa gwa JCP ne Reiwa Shinsengunimi bawagira okukolawo wiiki nfu, ebintu ebya lukalu, ebibeeyirwa mu n'okusala kw'amasannyalaze.

Embeera y’Enkyukakyuka mu Kiseera mu Japan

Japan erina enkonge eziyita ku nsozi. Ekitundu kyakyo eky'ebuziba n'ennyonyi enfu y'ennyanja kikoma ku nnyanja ey'ebukiika ddyo n'empewo ey'ekikko. Okuziyizibwa kwa buli faamu ennene ey'enjuba kweyongeredde mu butaka. Oluvanyuma lw'okumeruka kwagoota wakati w'obuvanjuba bwa 50. Obuwayuufu n'obugwanjuba (60 Hz) sistemu nzibu eziyinza okuzza obubuzza obusaayungibwa. Ekibambaanyi ekya 2011 kyago kyakosa ebizimbe bya nunyi za nunyi za nunyi za nunickusitookeera ne shbo wa hyrogen. Mu kiseera kino, kampuyuuka w'eby'eby'ebyuma bya Japan, empali y'eby'ebyuma ebikolebwa mu bungi n'amasannyalaze, ebiddoota, ne mu ngeri endala ezitaafu n'ebikolebwa mu hydrombe hydro.

Ekizibu ekirala kye ki [[NKULA] Emirimu mu ntegeka y'ebifo gy'ebeera. Obutongole bungi obukola ebintu mu ngeri ez'enjawulo bukola nga MEDI (Magatte of Economy, Tracration and Industry) ne MOE (Ebizibu ku bikwata ku ntegeka environmentation) bitera okusoosa ebintu ebisookedwako.[METI] Ebiwandikiro binoonya ebiragiro eby'amaanyi mu n'amasannyalaze. Ebiwawawawa ebyo biteekwa okuddukanya enkola y'eby'ekiwandikiro okusobola okuko.

Obulagirizi Obusobola Okukozesebwa

Wadde nga waliwo obuzibu buno, Japan erina obukugu obw'amaanyi. Buyamba mu tekinologiya wa butoffaali bwa gramune, nga kuliko kampuni nga Kawasaki Industries ne Toyota ezikola eggaali z'abatambuze eza H2. Japan y'omukulembeze w'ensi yonna mu ekiterekero eky'amafuta[ [vita] [-Panasonic ne Murata]) era nga erina empewo ey'amaanyi ennyo, naddala etturbines ezisobola okusobozesa ebizibya byayo okuzibya mu nnyanja. Gavumenti y'ebugwenyuma, singa kiyinza okuziyimusobozesa okukkula mu bya mainda ga mainda gaamu.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa enkola y'eby'obufuzi okweyongera okuba ey'amaanyi. Keidan, eyali ekyakaluubirira ddala enkola y'obudde, kati ewagira eky'ebiruubirirwa ekya kaboni pringingingi n'ekiruubirirwa ekya 2050. Abateesi b'ekitongole ekinene nga GPIF batandise okuteeka embeera y'obudde mu biwayi byabwe. Kino kikyusa ebifo byonna okusobola okunyweza ebifo byabyo, naddala nga ebitongole ebito bya kyo ebikola ku kkookisi.

Ekkubo Eriri mu Maaso: Enteko n’Ekiruubirirwa by’Omu Mateeka

Okulonda okulala okuddako kukolebwa mu 2025, wadde nga kiyinzika amangu.

Obutundutundu obukola ku nnyanja obukola nga ssere. Singa LDP efiirwa obungi, buyinza okusaanizibwa ne Komeito oba Ishin oba DPFP, ekiyinza okuleetera abafuzi okukuba olukalala lw'enkola ku nkyukakyuka z'obudde. CDP-awumbi, wadde nga tekitera kubaawo mu kiseera kitono, kiyinza okuleetera Japan okwongera kutandika n'okuyingiza omuliro mungi, nga mw'otwalidde ne kkoyirosi.

Akabenje k'obudde mu Japan kajja kusinziirwako nti y'ani obuvunaanyizibwa obumala obusobola okufuga. Emigaati egyo mikulu nnyo: ng'obumu ku bugagga obukyasinzeeyo okuba obw'amaanyi mu nsi yonna, ng'enkola z'eby'eby'enfuna, ng'enkola za Japan zijja kukyusa ssente eza carbon mu nsi yonna, mu bifo eby'obukugunjufu, era nga n'okukakasa kw'Ekkomera ku by'obufuzi mu Paris.