Ennyanjula y’Okwolesebwa okw’Omunda

Ekiragiro kino kyatandika kutandika lukalala lw'amateeka ga Amerika. Ebigambo bino ebyakolebwa mu 1787 oluvannyuma lw'Ekkomera ly'amateeka ga Amerika, bikola nga kampasi y'empisa n'obufirosoofo wakati w'obufuge bwa Amereka. Wadde nga tteeka lino liteekawo kampuni ya gavumenti, Pregeget etegeeza ekigendererwa kya gavumenti eyo, era nga ligatta emitindo gy'eggwanga. Bigambe nga kiwandiiko ekikwatagana mu kigendererwa, endagaano wakati w'obufuzi ne gavumenti za Amerika, era nga n'ekiwandiiko ekiramu ekinyweza erinnya lyayo.

Okutegeera engeri Pregear gye yayolekeramu emitindo gya Amerika kyetaagisa okwekenneenya ebyafaayo byakyo n'omugaso gwabyo. Abakola embalirira baali bakimanyi bulungi nti baali bakola ekintu ekitabangawo: Levikitikiti eyasigibwawo ku musaayi oba ku buwambe bwa Katonda, naye ku kukkiriza kw'abantu aba bulijjo. Olulimi lwe baalonda ("dilibegated", okwegomba, oba okusaanyawo) lwakolebwa okusobozesa ensi okubeera obumu okubaamu ensi. Leero, abantu ab'omulembe ogumu balina okubutegeera obanga eggwanga lituukana n'emitindo egya bulijjo.

Ensibuko y’Ebikolwa by’Omuntu n’Ennyiriri Ezimanyiddwa mu Bulamu

Pregge yayingizibwa mu kiseera eky'okukaayana okw'amaanyi n'okweyisa mu ngeri enneeyisa. Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa kwa Specience of Confederation, eyaleetawo gavumenti ennafu eyatoowa okugonjoola ebizibu by'eby'enfuna, obukuubagano wakati w'ensi z'ensi endala, n'okukangaanyizibwa mu nsi endala, ababava mu bitundu ekkumi n'ekkumi n'ebibiri baasisinkana mu Philadelphia. Etterekero lya Nationalal Trialss liwandiika [[FLLD] abawandikiro beetaaga ennyo okuteekawo gavumenti esobola okussibwamu era n'okukuuma eddembe. Pregation kye kimu ku bitundu ebisembayo ebyawandiikibwa Akakiiko ka Tradiod, akawero ke kaategekebwa Gouverne Morrisr, era ne kakola enkyukakyuka mu kukola ebibabikkulembebwa mu bifo ebilabika obulungi bye tumanyi leero.

Ebigambo " Ffe Abantu kwe kuva mu biwandiiko ebyasooka. Yaddawo "Twe Amerika," nga kiraga nti tteeka lyayisibwa abantu kinnoomu, so si si sipeeya za gavumenti. Kino kyalaga nti Amerika eririna obuyinza obw'okufuga. N'olwekyo, gavumenti ekkiriza gavumenti ez'enjawulo obufuga abantu, era n'ebakwasa obuyinza mu gavumenti.

Gavumenti Ennumirirwamu: Ekintu eky’Ensusso Ekireetera Okwekenneenya

Okunokolayo ebigendererwa mukaaga Amateeka ga Amerika bye gaateeka ku kigendererwa kyago, era nga buli kigendererwa kiba na biruubirirwa bya njawulo, era nga byonna awamu bikola enteekateeka ey’abantu ab’obwenkanya era abanywevu.

Okuba n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu

Ekiruubirirwa ekisooka kwe kukola bumu obutegeke obulungi " okusinga bwe kyali nga kibadde nga kibadde. Palls Kino kiraga ebiruubirirwa bya Amerika bibiri ebikulu: okweyongera okulongoosebwa n'obumu. Abakola baagamba nti baazimba sisitemu etuukiridde; bakkiriza nti beetaaga okulongoosebwa okw'ebintu. Era ebigambo biggumiza n'ensonga enkulu eya gavumenti . Nga bayita "bumu obujjuvu obwakaayongera", Pregettion kyeyoleka nti eggwanga eriawuka obumu terisobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi, era nti buli ggwanga erilina obwetaavu bw'okugiteekako ebigendererwa.

Ekigendererwa kino kikyali kya makulu mu mpaka ezikwata ku ddembe ly'amawanga, eddembe ly'abantu, n'obutebenkevu bw'eggwanga. Omugaso gw'obumu mu Amerika tegutegeeza kufaanagana; gutegeeza okubeera n'enteekateeka y'amateeka gaamu so ng'era kikwatagana ku nsonga ez'enjawulo. Constitution Center ekisinziirwako ekitegeeza nti obufumbo obwa nnamaddala bugenda butuukirira bukkirizibwa abalamuzi Suprementains, baprezidenti, n'ekibiina ky'abantu mu nsi yonna.

2. Tandika Obwenkanya

Ekiragiro kino kye kisinze okumanyibwa ng'ekirowoozo ky'obufirosoofo bw'amateeka n'eby'empisa ebya Amerika. Etchogery agamba nti ekimu ku bigendererwa bya gavumenti kwe kuteekawo obwenkanya."Kitegeeza enkola y'amateeka agakwata ku buli muntu nga bwe kiragiddwa. Etteeka lino lisibuka mu ndowooza y'Ekitangaala ya John Locke ne Montesquieu, eyawakanya etteeka ly'amateeka, enkiiko enjereere mu mateeka, n'obusobo. Pregaaget'eddembe tekireetera bwenkanya kutuukiriza buli nsonga.

Emitindo gya Amerika egigobererwa mu nkola etegekebwa, obukuumi obw'enyongeza wansi w'amateeka, era n'eddembe erina okusalirwa omusango mu buli kimu kisibuka ku kukola obweyamo buno. Kyokka ebyafaayo biraga nti obwenkanya tebutuukiridde.(ku ntandikwa y'amateeka asatu agamenyeddwa eri Jim Crow) era ne ku nkola y'obwenkanya mu nkola z'amateeka ez'omu kiseera kino. Ekiragiro kino okukubiriza “okuteekawo obwenkanya obwa nnamaddala” bwe busibuka ku musingi era ne omulimu ogumalirizibwa. Buli mulembe guzibuwa okugaziya etteeka okugaziya abo abayisibwa mu ngeri y'emu nga bagoberera amateeka.

3. Okugonjoola Ebizibu mu Maka

Abakola eby'ettemu baali babaddeko mu bifo nga Shays Reugtions ne mu bujeemu obulala obwali bugenda okusobeza emirembe mu bantu. Baakitegeera nti okuba n'emirembe kikwetaagisa gavumenti okukuuma emirembe mu nsalo zaayo. Obutebenkevu obwa Demetic [ kitegeeza obutabeera na bikolwa bya bukambwe kyokka, naye era n'okubeerawo kw'obumu abantu gye bayinza okugonjoola nga bakozesezza enkola ez'eby'amateeka n'emirembe. shoboze endowooza y'omu Amerika nti gavumenti erina obuvunaanyizibwa okukuuma abantu baayo okuva mu kabi akangi. //2] Ebikangaago ebyo biba bya bugaanyinyinyi, oba obubenje.

Leero, omugaso gw'obutebenkevu mu maka guyamba buli kimu okumanyisa gamba nga ku nkola ya poliisi n'ey'eby'obubenje, n'okuddaabiriza ebizimbe. Ekikolwa kino kitujjukiza nti okuba n'obuyinza kusinziira ku busobozi bwa gavumenti okusobola okukuuma n'okukuuma emirembe awatali kusukkirira ku ddembe. Enteekateeka y'obutebenkevu esobozesa obulamu bw'abantu b'omu Amerika obutakoma ku bunkenkenke era ereetebwawo.

4. Bayambe Okuziyiza Obuzibu bw’Abalala

Olutabaalo lulaga obweyamo Amerika bwe bulina ku bukuumi n'obuddukiro bwonna. Pregear akkiriza nti eggwanga teriyinza kwerwanako singa terisobola kwerwanako singa teriyinza kulwanyisa bannaggwanga. Omuwendo guno gusigazza ku kuteekebwawo kw'amagye, abasirikale abaava mu bya mmeeri, ate oluvannyuma ne gubeera n'obuyinza ku mpewo, ebikola nga bannasayansi.

Endowooza eno era enyweza okukkiriza kw'Amerika mu gavumenti y'ensi esobola okukuŋŋaanya eby'obugagga mu ggwanga. Mu kiseera kye kimu, abaatandikawo amagye beegendereza nnyo amagye; baateekamu n'ebiruubirirwa by'amagye nga ebyo ebireetebwawo okusobola okulondoola enkola y'amagye okumala emyaka ebiri. Bwe kityo, ebbali eyo ewagira enkola ey'okwerwanako erina okuba n'ensonga eri abantu.

5. Ka Tubeeko Akatyabaga

Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti gavumenti eteekwa okuteekawo embeera ennungi mu bantu era n'okuleetawo okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna. Omuntu bw'afuna obutuufu bw'ebintu, ebikolebwa mu gavumenti, ebizimbe, n'eby'obusuubuzi, n'okukuuma obuyigirize, n'obuyambi bw'eby'enfuna, kiba kitegeeza nti buli muntu alina okusobola okufuna obuwanguzi obulungi.

Ekibuuzo eky'ensonga lwaki embeera z'abantu zonna zikkirizibwa okukkirizibwa. Abavumirira Baibuli bagamba nti ziyinza okukozesebwa okugaziya amaanyi g'ensi n'okusukka ku kkomo lyayo. Kyokka, Preggey ekiraga bulungi nti ekigendererwa kya gavumenti si kikyamu (okweyisa obubi) kyokka naye era n'okuba n'endowooza ennungi (okusobozesa abantu okuba abalungi). obuvunaanyizibwa obw'ekibiina mu Amerika busobola okutufuula ab'enjawulo singa tuteekamu ssente mu bintu bino bye tuteeka mu bintu bino.

6. Tukuumire Emikisa Egiva mu Ddembe Lyaffe n’Enkomerero Yaffe

Ekigendererwa ekisembayo eky'enkwatano zino zonna kye kirowoozo: okuteeka ku mikisa egy'eddembe eringi" mu mirembe egya kaakano n'eggyo egijja mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Eddembe kye kintu ekisingayo obulungi mu Amerika, ekikkiriza nti abantu kinnoomu balina eddembe ly'omu butonde eririna okukuuma. Pregedge ennyonnyola eddembe nga "eritalina buyambi," ng'eraga nti kirabo era n'obuvunaanyizibwa.

Ebigambo "kweyaffe oba abaana abazzukulu baffe" bitandika kutandika kutuuka ku nkomerero y'ensi: Amateeka tegalina kutandikibwawo buyingizi naye eri bonna abagoberera. Kino kiraga omuwendo gwa Amerika ogw'obuwanika.() Ensonga ey'okuteeka obwesige mu ddembe lyaffe n'omulimu gwaffe eri abaana baffe. Era kitegeeza obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuzza obuggya n'okulwanirira emisingi gya mateeka.

Engeri Obufumbo Obusooka gye Bukolamu

Obufuzi bwa Kika

Nga bwe kyayogeddwako, ebigambo ebitandika " Ffe Abantu tufuula obufuzi obu bulijjo omusingi gwa gavumenti ya Amerika. Kino kitegeeza nti amaanyi gayingirira ku mufuzi oba omufuzi. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, abantu be nsibuko y'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi. Gavumenti zonna ziteekwa okuziggya mu lukalala lw'abafuzi, nga ziyitira mu kulonda abakiikirira abafuzi, oba mu nkola za gavumenti.

Enkola y'ekitongole kino eyongera ku bukakafu kino nga bateekawo ebigambo “Ffe Abantu” nga tetunnatongoza era nga tetunnateekawo Mateeka ga Katonda.” Abantu be bazannyi, gavumenti kye kikozesebwa. Kino kitegeeza okuva ku masaza agasooka, agaatandika n'okulangirira obuyinza oba ebyo bye baawandiika ku Katonda. Mu Amerika, ekikolwa kyennyini eky’okutongoza tteeka lya Katonda y'engeri y'obufuzi.

Gavumenti Embi n’Amateeka Byali Bikoma

Nga bamenya ensonga ezikwata ku gavumenti ezaakolebwa okusobola okutuuka ku buwanguzi, ebbanga lino litegeeza nti amaanyi ga gavumenti gayinza okukozesebwa mu ngeri eyo.

Etteeka ly'amateeka era linywezebwa nnyo Amateeka okwawula ab'obuyinza, okukebera n'okugeenya, ne Bill of Rights.

Okwenkanankana n’Ekyokulabirako Ekitayinza Kutwalibwa mu Ggulu

Wadde nga ennyanjula teyogera butereevu ku kwenkana oba n'entegeka, ewa obukwasifu n'obwenkanya, ebitegeeza okwenkanankana wansi w'amateeka. Ekirangiriro eky'Obwetwaze, ekyawandiikibwa emyaka kkumi na gumu mu maaso g'amateeka, kyali kyamalidde dda nti abantu bonna baatondebwa nga benkana era nga balina eddembe eritayinza kusattulukuka.

Endowooza y'Abamerika ey'okwenkanankana egaziyizza ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, nga — okuva ku bakyala, abantu abaddu, n'abo abalina obwannannyini obwannannyini ku buli ggwanga, okutuuka ku kutwala abantu bonna mpolampola okuyitira mu kulongoosebwa kw'amateeka n'amateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu.

Obulungi n’Obuvunaanyizibwa eri Bonna

Ennyanjula era eraga omugaso gw'obulungi mu bantu, “‘ Ensonga egamba nti abatuuze balina emirimu n'enkizo. ’ nga bategeeza nti abantu bataddewo amateeka era nga baagala okufunira abaana abajja kudda ku nkomerero emikisa, ennyanjula eraga nti omuntu okusobola okwegobera yeetaaga okunyiikira, okumanya, n'okubeera omutuuze omugatte. eddembe si kirabo omuntu ky'afuna obuwangwa; buvunaanyizibwa bw'alina okulonda, okukola nga ku bbeesawo, omulimu gw'abalamuzi, okuweereza mu bya magye, okuwa emboozi mu lujjudde, n'obuwagizi bw'abantu.

Baalowooza nti gavumenti tesobola kuwonawo singa abatuuze baayo tebeefiirayo ku birungi ebya bulijjo.Ekiwandiiko ekigamba nti “Ffe” eky’okukozesa ekibiina kino kitujjukiza nti Amateeka gategekeddwa wamu mu bantu so si tteeka eriteekeddwa waggulu.

Okugeraageranya Ebiwandiiko Ebipya n’Ebirala

Emitwe gy'ennamba ezisooka eyogera ku by'obufuzi era n'egyongera kugiyongera ku giginagima. Enjigiriza ya Obwetwaze (177] (6) ewa obukakafu nti gavumenti zifuna obufuzi obw'obwenkanya okuva ku kukkiriza abafuga okuzitongoza era zitandikibwawo okusobola okukuuma eddembe eritakkirizibwa. Emisingi egy'ekinnyonyola gikyusa emisingi gino egitali gitegeerekeka okugya ku biruubirirwa ebya gavumenti: okutandikawo obufumbo, okuteekawo obwenkanya, okuteekawo emirembe, okuteekawo obubeesaawo n'obutebenkenke, n'okuteekawo eddembe. Ekira oba okulwanirira ebyabufuga ebikwata ku bunnaawulu, biwayira ddala entegeka y'entegeka y'obutebenkenkenkevu.

[[NKULA]] Articles ez'Ekiwandiiko (1781] zalina ennyanjula ey'enjawulo: “Ku buli muntu bino lwe binajja... Ffe nnamba ez'omu Amerika... tukkiriziganya n'ebitundu ebimu ebikwataganyizibwa n'ebyo ebitegekebwa mu lukiiko olukalala,” enkyusa eno esayinibwa abakiikirira eggwanga lya gavumenti, so si “abantu.” Tekiriiko buyinza era eremesa okunnyonnyola amakulu g'okwolesebwa okw'eggwanga. Ekiragiro kino kitereeza ensonga eno nga kyogera butereevu eri abantu bonna era nga balagula ebigendererwa by'ekibiina kya Union mu lulimi olunyuvu.

Ebiwandiiko ebirala nga ebyo ebiwandiikiddwa ku obwa Ddembe (1791) n'ebyo Getysburg Eddress[ (1883]) biwandiikibwa ku mitwe gy'okunaanjula. Bill of Rights bikuuma eddembe ly'envuma okusobola okuwanirira eddembe. Endagiriro ya Lincoln'eyita “okuzaalibwa kw'eddembe okwaka okuppya” ne gavumenti, abantu gye bajjuza, gye balaga butereevu obufuzi n'obutebenkeera.

Ennyanjula mu Njogera Za Kiseera Kino

Empuku eyo teri mu byafaayo; yeeyongera okutegeeza abantu abo abaaliwo mu kiseera kye n'abo abeeyisa mu ngeri ey'eby'obufuzi. Abalamuzi mu kkooti enkulu, abateekawo amateeka, era abalwanirira amateeka, buli kiseera bayingiza olulimi lwayo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu United States v. Curtiss-Wright Ertraft Corp.[FLT] [1931], Omulamuzi Sutherland yajuliza etteeka eririmu okuwakanya obufuzi obwa waggulu obwa gavumenti mu nsonga za bannaannaazo, ng'agamba nti, “Enkkomole” yakolebwa gavumenti y'eggwanga yawanjulwa gavumenti. Nfuumukko, abo abawagira eddembe ly'ebyawerwa oba gavumenti, batera okutunuulira ku nnukuta ez'ebisaanyizo ebikoma ku nsonga z'obuyinza mu ggwanga okuwakanya ensonga ezisinga obungi ez'enkyukakyuka.

Mu mpaka ezikwata ku by'obujjanjabi, okubuuka, eby'enfuna, n'eby'eggwanga, ebigambo “bireetera abantu bonna okubeera obulungi” bikubirizibwa nnyo ku njuyi zombi. Abawagizi ba programu z'abantu ab'enkola ez'enjawulo balaga nti amateeka ga gavumenti galina okugobererwa; abaziyiza bagamba nti galina okusomebwa okumalawo, nga bagendera ku bufuzi obw'enjawulo obw'Akatundu I. Empaka tegonjola ensonga zino, naye ziwa olulimi olugattiddwako era n'ensonga emu esobola okunnyonnyola ekifo ekituufu ekya gavumenti.

Ebibiina ebya kaweefube ono nga(okuva ku ddembe ly'abantu ery'obudde n'eky'obukodyo). Emirundi egisinga, ebiruubirirwa byabwe biba bikwata ku ndowooza z'omugenyi. Bagamba nti obufumbo bwe buba nga tebuliiko kya butali bwenkanya mu nsi yonna, bulina okugonjoola obutali bwenkanya obwa nnamaddala, era bulina okusobozesa abantu bonna okufuna eddembe erya nnamaddala.

Amakulu g’Enjigiriza n’Ebigambo

Okutegeera ennyanjula y'enjigiriza y'omu Amerika. Abaana ab'essomero bayigirizibwa okugikwata mu mutwe, era kino kyeyoleka nnyo mu mikolo egya bulijjo eri abatuuze abappya. Emirala egyo gye gitwala nga girina okumanyibwa ennyo. "" Obufuzi obw'enjawulo, obwenkanya, emirembe, obutebenkevu, obutebenkevu, n'eddembe. Ebiwandiiko bya National Archives [ bye bimu ku biwandiiko ebitwalibwa ennyo mu byafaayo bya Amerika.

Era ennyanjula tekubiriza mwoyo gwa ggwanga kuwangula ntalo oba ekitiibwa ky’omufuzi; essa essira ku ndowooza ezirina okutuukirizibwa buli kiseera. Kino kyawula Amerika ku mwoyo gwa ggwanga ogw'ensi ogwesigamiziddwa ku ggwanga oba ku buwanguzi bw'ensi.

fundikira

Mu sentensi emu yokka, elangirira obufuzi bw'abantu, era n'ebigendererwa mukaaga ebikulu ebya gavumenti, era n'ewa eggwanga eryo okugoberera eddembe n'obwenkanya. Buli bigambo byayo biraga obuvunaanyizibwa obw'amaanyi obw'obufirosoofo obubadde busimbye mu byafaayo bya Amerika: obufuzi obuganzi, gavumenti enkugira, ettwale ery'abantu bonna, empisa ennungi, era n'enzikiriza ekulaakulana.

Okutandika si kintu ekikyasinze okukozesebwa mu kukyusa endowooza z'abantu, naye okusoomooza buli mulembe okukola obufumbo obutuukiridde, okuleetawo obwenkanya, okuteekawo emirembe mu maka, okuteekawo enteekateeka ezikwata ku kwerwanako, okusobola okuwanirira obulamu bw'abantu bonna, n'okunyweza emikisa gy'eddembe. Bino bye biruubirirwa, era eggwanga teriiko kye litera kukola. Wadde nga Pregetry etujjukiza nti okugezesa kwa Amerika tekusobola kutuukiriza bisaanyizo bya butuukirivu, naye ku kufuba okukutuukako.