Table of Contents
Ennyanjula: Omuntu yennyini y’atandikawo Amateeka
Ekiragiro kya Virginia, nga bwe kyatongozebwa, ne kikoma ku matwale ga gavumenti ya Amerika, era okuyitira mu Bill of Rights, ne kikakasa eddembe lyayo ekkulu. Kyokka, mu byafaayo bya Amerika, obukakakasibwa obwo tebwawaliriza gavumenti ne gavumenti z'omu Virginia. Omuntu mu Virginia yandisobodde okunoonyeezebwa obuteekakasa bufunze nga poliisi terina kye yeefiiriza mu nteekateeka ey'Ekyokubiri, kubanga Bill of Rights yategeera nti y'etongoza gavumenti y'eggwanga yokka. Ek'ekyuse nga yaddimu, ensonga n'ennyonnyonnyonnyolebwa buteennyonyi, emanyiddwa nga enneenjigiriza eyo terina kugibwa mu nteekateeka ya ClauslasClaus enzijjuvu mu mateeka g'enkola y'enkola ya Bulungu. Ennamba ezigibwa obutuufu, zisalawo oba nga n'enkola enkiiko empya ez'amateeka, tezikkiriza oba nga zikozesa eddembe erimu ku nsonga ez'enkola, oba tezingirwamu ku bikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga, oba ku
Ekitundu kino kiraga engeri enkola ennukuta gye ziyinza okukozesebwa mu kugatta obusobozi obwa kompyuta ku mikutu gya kompyuta. Etandika n'okuzuukusa enjigiriza eyo, ate era ne yeekenneenya ebisalibwawo kkooti ey'oku ntikkooti ey'oku ntikko era nga kikomekkereza nga tulowooza ku bizibu ebijja okubaawo mu biseera eby'omu maaso nga bakubaganye ebirowoozo ku ngeri amateeka ga Amerika gye gakuumamu eddembe eri wakati w'enkola ya gavumenti ne tekinologiya.
Okutegeera Ekirondebwa
Ebiriwo Bitono
Bill of Rights, eyawandiikirwa mu 1791, yakolebwa okuziyiza gavumenti eyo eyali yaakatondebwa. Kkooti ey'oku ntikko yawa obukakafu obwali bulaga nti obunene obwali mu ntegeka ya gavumenti eyo bwali butono nnyo. Kkooti enkulu yakikakasa nti obunene obwali mu Barron v. Baltimore (133]) (1833), obwali bugamba nti Bill of Rights teyakola mu masaza. Okumala emyaka mingi, gavumenti zaalina eddembe erifuga eddembe erikkirizibwa okubufuga nga enjoogezi, okuzitendeka mu ddiini, oba okukugira okunoonyereza okutakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu buwabuwabudde obwa bulijjo.
Okukyusiza kwa 'Prevenment of Rights' mu 1868 kwatandikawo enkola ya CTICK n'ey'okukifuula ekiwandikiro ekya Claudias. Kyokka, kyatwala kumpi ekyasa ekirala kkooti bwe yali tennatandika kutegeera nti enkola ya Claus ekkirizibwa mu biyingizibwa. Enkyukakyuka yajjawo [[[FL: 0]] n'olukalala. [V6] (1925]), kkooti gye yatwala nga($3] era nga terinawo oba obuvunaanyizibwa obwasooka obwalimu ku bigambo bya ddembe. [FNF], obusingakosebwamu n'ebiwandiiko bya Kookeromenti: [F],[5][5], obukyasiikulembezibwa mu ngeri eyo.[5][5], obumu ku ku kubuulirira kwamu kuddako, enne.[5][5][4],[4][4][4], obumu ku ku kulembedde, ku lukalala olumu:[F.[4], olumu:[F.[4], ku ku kulabula okuso lw'osemba olumu
Okussaawo tteeka si kye kimu ekikolebwa, wabula ekikolwa eky'okusala omusango ekyekuusa ku buli kika. Kkooti ekebera buli lukumbo lwayo okulaba obanga "yeesigamye ku nkola ya Amerika ey'obwenkanya" era nga n'ensonga enkulu ereme okukolebwa. Obusika obwo bwenkanankana obuyinza okusobola okukozesebwa mu gavumenti y'ensi yonna. Omusango guno gulina okukolebwa mu ngeri ya njawulo okuva ku ku kugatta awamu obuvunaanyizibwa obwa tteeka eririna etteeka ery'enkola eya Amerika mu nkola y'emu.
Engeri Omukutu Ogufuga Omulundi ogw’Okuna gye Guyinza Okukozesebwa
Ennamba eza obwama mu Amerika zisangibwa mu f v. Colorado era ekuuma eddembe ly'abantu okuba n'obukuumi mu bantu baabwe, amayumba, empapula, n'ebivaamu, okunoonyereza n'okukwatibwa embuyaga. Ennamba ezo zagattibwa ku masaza mu [FLT:] Colorado[[FLD:1], naye ekiragiro eky'okugoba ekyaw'okugoba obujulizi ekyaweebwa mu nvumbo, kyateekawo obuwambe obwa bulijjo mu nkiiko z'amateeka nga bujulizi, naye tebwakozesebwa mu kkooti zonna ez'ennannyini, wadde nga zikozesembye mu ngeri eyo empya. Ohio 4:[FLT:] [[FLT:]]
Enkola ya Kkooti ey'okuna ey'okukyusaamu ekyuse bulungi. Mu Katz v. United States (1967), kkooti eddondedde ebikongodde mu kukebera okw'ebintu ebyamalanga edda nga egoberera ekipimo eky'obumanyirizo. Mu mpandiika ya K [[FLT]]], ekiragiro eky'okukyusakyusakyusakyusakyusakyusaamu kikuuma abantu, so si bifo, n'okuggulawo ebibalwa mu bitundu bya bantu oba mu nnyimba.
Eddembe ly’Okweyama mu Kiseera eky’Okutiika
Tekinologiya Afuga Amateeka
Enkyukakyuka ezikoleddwa ku mikutu gya kompyuta ereeseewo okusoomooza kungi. Ebintu ebyabanga ku buwandike obwa buli muntu kinnoomu, obubaka obwawulibwa ku mikutu gya kompyuta, ebifo we bukolera, ebyafaayo, ebyafaayo by'obulamu(*s), okukuŋŋaanyizibwa, okuterekebwa, n'okufiibwako ne gavumenti. Oboozi bwa data eno busingira ewala ebyo byonna bye baali basuubira abo abali mu madaala okuwandiika ebibakwatako.
Mu myaka mingi, kkooti z'eby'obufuzi zaateekamu enkola ey'okukebera ebifa ku kompyuta [FLT]][FOLT:1] nga wavuddewo ebintu ebitali bimu. Emisango egyasooka gyagamba nti, abantu baawaayo bukwasiro ku bintu bisatu (nga kampuni ez'amasimu oba Intanethi]) era bwe kityo baali tebasuubira nti ebizingirwamu birimu birimu obwama bwa kompyuta. [[FLT:] Enjigiriza eyo yateekebwa mu [[FLT:] mu [FLT] era tekkirizibwa mu ngeri eyo, nga tereeteereddwawo lukalala lwonna lukalala lw'amasimu, olwo terulagibwalimu, era terugamba nti:[FLT].[FLT][FL:][FL:6][5][5][6]
Enjigiriza ey'okusatu yeeyongera okuba ey'obuzibu ng'amasannya g'enkola eza kompyuta gasaasaanyizibwa. Abantu banoonya bingi nnyo ebikwata ku bayingiya ez'omu nviiri nga biringa ebizikwatako. N'emirundi mingi enjigiriza eyo tekkirizibwa kutegeera enjawulo eriwo wakati w'ennamba z'essimu eziwandiikiddwa ku mpapula n'obutundutundu bw'obulamu bw'omuntu obwakolebwa mu metameta.
Okusalawo Okutali Kusinziira ku Mikutu gya Kintu
Kkooti enkulu yatandika okukomyawo mu bufunze mu 2010. United States v. Jones (202), kkooti yagamba nti okugatta emmotoka ku mmotoka ku kitongole kyateekebwako omuteegezo mu kifo eky'okuna olw'okuba kyamenya amateeka ku bintu ebya bulijjo. Naye okusinziira ku ndowooza y' Justice Sotomayor, egattiddwa ne Justice Alito, kyagamba nti okunoonyereza okw'e GPS kuyinza okukontana n'okwerinda ekiteeso nga tewali kibirawo, era kiyinza okuggumiza enkola eya bulijjo esobola okukwata ku n'obubonerowo.
Nga wayiseewo emyaka ebiri, mu California (2014, kkooti ya Sayansi yawandikiddwa nti poliisi bw'eba nga yeetaasa ebiba ku mikutu gya kompyuta enoonyezebwewo okusibibwa. Omulamuzi omukulu Roberts yawandiika nti amasimu ag'omumumumumu ag'omulembe guno "gawanyiza abantu bangi mu Amerika 'Prigmées'' mu by'obulamu'ebawandikiddwamu oba essawaa tabeebwa takyama. RY]
Ekiragiro ekikulu ennyo mu kusalawo obutundutundu ku n'okugatta n'okugatta ebifa ku bayimbi kyatuuka mu Carpitard v. United States (2018). Gavumenti yafuna obutundu bwa sitemu obuva mu kutwala obutoffiiiice (CSLI) okuva ku abo abatwala obutundutundutundu obusukka mu mpandiikibwa kompyuta nga tebalina kiragiro, nga beesigama ku njigiriza ey'okusatu. Kkooti, mu 5-4 endowooza eya Mulamuzi Omukulu Roberts, yakkiriza nti okuzuula ebyafaayo bya CSSLI kiyamba okuzuula ebintu ku buwandikiro mu kifo eky'okutaano era nga kyetaagisa ekiragiro eky'okumanyibwa ku nsonga ezibangibwa mu n'ensonga. Kkookolorwamu mu bungi bw'enkola zaayo eddala, obugazi obwa bulijjo. Era obukyungi obwa waggulu, obugazi bw'enkola y'enkola za Sseetuka za gavumenti za gavumenti endala, tebw'omulembedde mu bitundu eby'ebitongole eby'omukiikibwa.
Mu Kkooti , kkooti enkulu yagobereranga olukalala olw'ebiragiro olw'okuna olwatundibwa nga kilwanyisa gavumenti Mapp[, okutuuka ku ndukusa ez'ekika kya tekinologiya ey'omulembe guno. Bwe kityo, okusalawo kubaako akawayiro kukwata ku ngeri gye kweyongera okukozesebwa: ku mukono ogwa ddyo oguziyiza okunoonyereza n'okukwatibwa ekiwuka, nga gumaze ebbanga ddene, nga gukozesebwa ku bubonero obupya obw'ennakumbo.
Engeri Edda gy’Egikwata ku Kulonda Amaloboozi
Okuva ku Mitindo Egifuga Omuntu okutuuka ku Mitindo gya gavumenti
Olw'okuba omutemwa ogw'okuna guwerekebwa mu bujjuvu, etteeka lyonna erya Kkooti Esingirayo ddala Lisinga Obukulu eriragiramu obukuumi obwa buli muntu wansi wa Amereka ak'okuna, ligatta bukakafu obulagira nti gavumenti n'amateeka ag'omu kitundu ekimu tebyewandikidde. Ng'ekyokulabirako, oluvannyuma Akasawo ak'okulambula], abasirikale mu California, Texas, oba gavumenti endala yonna erina okufuna obujulizi bwonna nga tennafuna data ekwata ku nsonga za katoogi, okuggyako nga kikozeeko.
Era okulondebwa kutegeeza nti kkooti n'amakanisa bya kitongole kya gavumenti bya ddembe okuteekawo obukuumi obwa kyennyini wansi wa ssemateeka oba amateeka gaabyo, naye tebisobola kuwaayo bitono. Ebitundu ebimu, nga California ne 'Programuntations Sycline Act (CPA), Washington awamu ne Act yaaccomment yayo, bitaddewo dda amateeka agasukkuluza enzivvu eza kinne mu kukyusa kiwandiiko kya kompyuta. Ebiva mu mateeka gano eby'eggwanga tesobola kusobozesa kkooti ez'enjawulo okubaako kye bikolako nga ebirengo byazo ebirengo byazo okukebera nga obujulizi ebikozesebwa mu ku nsonga za kyamalanga.
Engeri Claus gy’Addukanyaamu Omulimu Gwaffe
Nga wayiseewo ekiseera nga wayiseewo olukalala lw'abo abakyusa erinnya lya Katonda, entegeka endala eya Bill of Rights esobola okugobererwa ne ku mikutu gya kompyuta. Oluwandika olwasooka, oluyimirizidwa, ne luteekebwa mu , lukuutirawo okwogera n'okukolagana n'abalala ku mukutu gwa Intaneeti. Entegeka ey'okutaano ekuuma enneyisa ya bantu obutawalirizibwa kweyingiza mu nkola obwa bulijjo, nga luyimirizibwa mu Malloy[, era nga kino kireetawo ebibuuzo obanga omuntu ayinza okukaka okuzza oba okukaka okuyingiza oba okuyingiza ekigambo ekyamaguzi mu n'akakwa. Kkooti teyetaamalira ddala nsonga zino, naye kkooti entono zeeyongera okuziganya n'obujulizi obutuufu n'okumenya obuva mu by'ennanyimba.
Ekiragiro Ssearch Procession Claus kyekimu ku kiwandikiro ekikozesebwa okugatta emmotoka, era kirina amaanyi agaabwe ku bwabwe. Gayinza okukakasa obutuufu bw'amateeka agafuga en'awula mu mateeka. Gayinza okuzingiramu obwangu obulaga obujulizi obw'oku disiki, era nga kugeza, mu Brady v. Maryland (1963) ekisembedde kyetaagisa abawandiki ba kkooti okuwa obujulizi obwa nnamaddala.
Ebizibu n’Ebibuuzo Ebitagonjoolwa
Wadde ng'enkola ekolebwa mu Karmer ne Liley[, emikutu gya kompyuta gisobola obutafuna bufunze. Enjigiriza ey'okusatu ey'ebitundu eby'ekika kya nukuta, wadde nga ya kkopi, ekyakola ku ngeri ezitali zimu ez'amakuru nga mpuku za banka, okugatta obutundu bwa menux obugazi bwa meter, n'amannya ga n'ebifaananyi ebisangi ebituula ku bantu bisangibwa ku pulati. Kko kiwandikiro ekiraga nti abantu basuubira obutundutundu obubagirwa mu by'obusangiro oba mu bikozesebwa ebitongole ebikola ku nviro.
Obukugu n'amamashini nga biyigirizibwa byakanika okusoomooza okuppya. Gavumenti ereetera abawagizi okumanya engeri gye bakwatibwako mu maaso, enkola za poliisi ezikwata ku nkola za ba poliisi, n'abo abasoma layisensi eza kompyuta ziyinza okufulumya obubaka obutali bwa bulijjo. Ate era, mu ngeri eyo, okusobola okuzuula oba okuteebereza, kiba kyetaagisa okubumanya.
Ekiragiro kino kisalawo okukebera ebizingirwa mu ndagiriro za gavumenti ez'ensi yonna. Okunoonyereza okw'okuna kukolebwa abakungu ba Amerika oba ku nsalo yaawo. Teyibulizi eziterekeddwa mu mayanja aga ssemazinga ziyinza okufugibwa amateeka ag'enjawulo nga bwe kiragibwa mu kukattululwa kwa gavumenti ya Amerika ne Microsoft ku ma-email aterekeddwa mu Ireland ([[[FLL:0]]] United States v. Microsoft Corp., 2018),. Ekiragiro kya 'CLOUD' kyayisawo akakwakkuliro okugonjoola ensonga ezikwata ku ku kuyingira kwa data ey'omukiikiikizibwamu mu ggwanga erina.
Ebiragiro Ebikwata ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Okunokolayo Ebimu ku Biri mu Kitabo ne Techniegic
Ebintu ne Amaka Amalungi
Ekiragiro kino kikozesa kompyuta (manotaayi). Amaka bwe gabaamu obubaka obutegeeza empapula z'ebitundu ebibazi okufulumya oba okufulumya ebigambo. [[FLT:] Akabonero ak'okuna kakuuma amaka nga "castle," naye amaka ago bwe gabaamu ebyuma ebiyamba okutegeeza ba kampuni okumanya okutuusa obubaka obulaga omuliro era nga gasobola okubuweereza gavumenti, enteekateeka ez'ekika kya k'omulembeyamu, olw'okuba tekikozesa mu kukozesa bannaazo mulala. KKOM [[FLD] [2001], kkooti yalina endowooza nti okukozesa ebbugumu kusobola kukebera amasannyalaze mu maka nga temuli kabukireetera muntu kunoonyereza, kubanga tekinologiya "mukozesebwa mu lujjudde" era kisobola okubikkula ebintu ebya waggulu mu maka. Ng'enkiiko eza kompyuta zisobola okumanyisa oba okuzuula oba okuzuula data mu lukiiko olukulu.
Engeri Ebintu gye Bikwataganamu n’Ebitonde gye Bimanyiddwa
Obubonero bw'ebiwayi, obuwanvu bw'ebiwayi, obuwanvu bw'ebiwandike, n'obubonero obw'omu maaso, obw'enkula y'eriiso, era n'obw'okugeraageranya ebiba bijuliziddwa bikozesebwa okumanyisa oba okulaba oba okulaba oba waliwo ebifa ku. Ekiwandikiro kino tekiyinza kukuuma enkola eno okusobola okwekuuma obuwanvu bwa mubiri. Omutemwa ogw'okutaano ogw'okutaano guyinza obutatwalibwa nga "Nkyukakyuka mu mubiri." Kyokka, okuwerezebwa okw'eky'okuna okw'okuteeseeseesebwa kuyinza okukendeeza ku bubonero obw'enkutaano okusobola okumanya ebizingirwamu. Ekiragiro kkooti enkulu efuga enneempakalukusa mu Staryland v. Kabaka Akuuma akasigibwa akasiikeberebwa okuva eri abajulirwa abajulirwa ebigendererwa eby'okukwata ku nsonga, naye endowooza zaawumba kwa k'akatono. Ebiseera eby'omu biseera eby'omu biseera eby'omu maaso, kijja kugezesa okukakasa obanga ebivudde ku
Ebitandikirwa mu Gavumenti n’Etteeka Eryaweebwa Abasomi Baffe
Kubanga okutongoza obunkola amateeka ga gavumenti kisobozesa abantu okubeera n'amateeka agaabwe ku bwabwe. The California Consumer Anversic Act (CPA) ne Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) biwa abatuuze eddembe ku bikwata ku ebyo ebibakwatako ebibeerekebwako kampuni. Amateeka gano tegayogera butereevu ku gavumenti nga tegoosa, naye gateekawo obuwangwa obusobola okumanyisa emitindo gy'okukyusaamu okw'Esine. Singa kampuni ya gavumenti etegeeza nti abantu balina kye basuubira mu byafaayo byabwe, kkooti eyinza okweyongera okuba nga y'eyagazaamu okumenya amateeka singa gavumenti tegikkiriza kubaako ky'egamba.
Nga bwe kibadde nga Congress, yatwala amateeka agakwata ku nsonga z'ekyama, gamba nga American Data assomment and Protection Act, naye nga tannagayisa. Okutuusa nga Congress ekola, abantu bannaago be basalawo okuyingiza mu nkola enkola ey'okukuuma amateeka ageetaagibwa gavumenti nga tegannakosebwa.
Eddagala Ery’Amazzi Liba Terikutambula bulungi
Okussaawo obukujju kitera okunenyezebwa olw'okuba ekiwagizi kitera okukolebwa nga kinyanguyirako. Kyokka, enteekateeka ya Kkooti esobozesa ensonga okulowooza ku ngeri gye ziyinza okukwata ku buli tekinologiya omuppya. Nga basalawo ensonga emu mu kiseera, Kkooti eyinza okussaawo amateeka agateeyisamu obwamaanyi, okugobererwa kw'amateeka, era n'enkola y'enkola eya tekinologiya. Enkola eno era essawo esobola okulaga nti gavumenti tezirina bukuumi bwa nnene, era emitindo gy'eggwanga gisobola okubaamu obunene, era n'okusalawo okw'okugattika obutuufu bwe kuba nga kukulu.
Ekyasembayo: Eddembe ly’Okwerekereza
Okukolagana n'okussaawo akawayiro kubaddewo emyaka egisukka mu 200. Okuva ku ddembe ery'okwogera n'okudda ku ddembe ery'okukubuulirira, enkola eya SCII yeeyongedde mpolampola Bill of Rights okusobola okukuuma abantu bonna mu Amerika, ka kibe ki kye bayita amaka ga baani. Mu kiseera kya digitation, enkola y'emu ey'okulwanirira eddembe ly'obwamaguzi. Ebyo kkooti enkulu bye zisalawo mu Riley ne Kartenter biraga nti ekiragiro ekifuga ebiziikibwa mu 1791] bisobola okulaga nti ekiragiro ekitegekebwa mu nsi yonna obubaka bwaffe obusinga okuterekebwa ku nnukkebwa mu nnukuta.
Kyokka omulimu gukyali wala. Enjigiriza ey'okusatu eremesa ebifa ku data ez'enjawulo. Tekinologiya ow'okugigatta esobola okugezesa ekkomo lya Katz[. Abawandiisi, abakugu, n'abalamuzi bateekwa okweyongera okubuuza ekibuuzo kino ekikulu: Kitegeeza ki okubeera n'obukuumi mu "person, oba nnyumba, oba ebifa ku muntu omu mu biwandiro ebisooka?" mu kyasa ekya 20.
Abo abeekenneenya amateeka gano, kibeetaagisa okutegeera enkalala z'ebigambo ebigalimu. Gasobozesa abo abagasoma okutegeera engeri gye bagobereramu eddembe erya bulijjo erya gravity. Ng'enkola eya diginal ekyukakyuka, amakulu g'enkwaso ez'ekika kya Claus z'enkalakkalira ze zibeera nga zeetaaga ku buli ggwanga.
Okusobola okumanya ebisingawo ku ebyo ebyogeddwako mu kitundu kino, abasomi bayinza okukebera ebifa ku Concept Information Institute ku .United States[FLT]], , omulimu gw'obulambe ku digitation [[[FLT:]], ne obwa kyewuna n'obubonerowo obunoonyeze obwa buli omu ku buli omu ku buli omu ku lupya[FLT].[FLT: FFFFF:]][FFFFFFF]]]]