Ennyanjula: Ekiwandiiko Ekyawandiikibwa Ekyabulamu

Ekiwandiiko kino kyali kigoberera enkola ey'obufirosoofo eyakolebwa mu Amerika.[1] era okwetooloola ensi yonna, okunnyonnyola amateeka. Wadde nga Ekirangiriro ky'Obwetwaze tekikkirizibwa mu mateeka, emisingi gyayo giteekeddwa mu kikoomi ky'amateeka ga Amereka, era nga gikola enkola ya kiwandiiko kya gavumenti mu Amerika, era nga n'ensonga zaago zikola enkola y'obufirosoofo. Gavumenti okusobola okutegeera engeri gavumenti gye zikozesaamu ekiragiro eky'okwefuga okussaawo amateeka, emirambo gyago, obufirosoofo, n'enkola yaago mu buli nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka ga Amereka enfu.

Ekintu ekikulu eky'obuyinza mu mateeka kiri mu kwekakasiza ddala eddembe ly'entondelo: eryo erikulembera gavumenti era eritayinza kuggibwawo mu mateeka mu kyasa ekya 18 era nga likyakozesebwa mu kussaawo amateeka ga demokulase leero. Ebitundu ebiddako byogera ku ngeri etteeka eryo gye lisimbyemu amateeka mu Amerika ne mu mawanga amalala agawandiise endowooza ku bigambo byalyo.

Enjigiriza z’Ebyafaayo n’Eza Philosofiya

Amateeka g’Omu Butonde n’Etteeka ly’Omu Butonde

Ekiwandiiko kino kiraga nti gavumenti zifuna obuyinza obw'obwenkanya okuva ku kukkiriza abafugibwa, kiba kiraga nti enzikiriza ezikubirizibwa abafirosoofo nga John Locke. Mu Second Parese of Government[ [1689]), Lockee yaleetawo endowooza nti abantu beerekereza eddembe eriwera ku gavumenti okusobola okukendeeza ku ddembe lyabwe ery'enkulu sokka okusobola okulwanirira eddembe lyabwe ery'enkomeredde ku nfuna obwannalyo, eddembe, eddembe, n'ebintu. Mu . Mu ngeri ye eyo, Thomas Jefferson yakwataganya n'okunoonya essanyu, n'okugaziyasa, n'okwolesebwa okusingako okw'okukulaakulana kw'abantu.

Obufirosoofo buno obw'omu butonde busimbye amakwasisa amateeka ga Amerika. Kkooti ne kakiiko k'abakulembeze b'amakanisa batera okusaba ekiragiro okulaga nti ekiwandiiko ekyo kirina okutongozebwa ku buyinza bwa gavumenti. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omusingi ogugamba nti amateeka tegalina kusambajja “Eddembe eririna okutwalibwa ng'enkwe” gusinziiddwa okumenya amateeka agaggyako obuwaze abantu eddembe lyabwe ne bwe gaayisibwa abantu abasinga obungi.

Jefferson’s Dipyration and “Okwegulumiza” Amazima

Jefferson’s phrasing [1] “Tutwala amazima gano nga gaalabika oba nga bwe gaategeerwa. Kyeyali eky'okulonda. Ensengeka eyo yagulumiza eddembe eriteekeddwa mu kifo ekisingayo okuba ery'okukkaanya. Olulimi luno lwawogeddwako mu ndowooza ez'enjawulo okutegeeza nti eddembe erimu likulu nnyo ne kiba nti tewali kikolwa kya mateeka ekiyinza okuzifuga. Kkooti enkulu ey'omu U. Kkooti enkulu, ng'eraga olusooka, yasonga ku Kiwandiiko mu [FL:1].[5][6]

Okusinziira ku Kteeka lya Amereka n’Ekiwandiiko ky’Eddembe ly’Eddembe

Okuva mu Kulangirira Okudda mu Lukalala lw’Etteeka

Wadde ng'Ekiwandiiko ekyo tekyali mu mateeka, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka kkumi na gumu, kyalondebwa ku mateeka. Ekiwandiiko ekigamba nti: “Ffe Abantu... tuwa omukisa gwa Liberty” /echoeth Traisement for the Declaration for the Deparcement. Abakola etteeka eryo baasalawo mu bugenderevu enkola y'obufuzi obwawumbiddwawo, okukebera n'okugobererwa kw'amateeka okuziyiza ekirango ekyo. Mazima ddala, kye baasalawo okuteekako Bill of Rights mu 1791. Ekilango kino kyali kikwata ku kutya nti gavumenti empya eyinza okumenya eddembe lya Jens.

Ekitongole ekitegeka entegeka eya Ninth Amereka ekigamba nti okubala n'entegeka ezimu tekisaanidde kunyooma balala, kitera okutwalibwa ng'ekiragira ddala ekirango ky'Ekiwandiiko eky'okussaawo eddembe ery'envuma. Abeekenneenya eby'amateeka nga Randy Barnett bawa obukakafu nti entegeka y'okuwerezebwako okusobola okukakasa nti etteeka eryo lirina eddembe lye lirina kufuga bokka. Mu ngeri eyo, etteeka eryo liba likomyawo oluva erigatta Ekirangirimu n'etteeka erikwata ku nkola y'amateeka.

Amawanga g’Eggwanga Gakola ng’Enkakaaso

Nga ssemateeka w'eggwanga tannabaawo, ssemateeka wa gavumenti omungi yateekawo emisingi egikwata ku kusalawo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekirango ky'amateeka ekya Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) kyakolera wamu n'omulimu gwa Jefferson era oluvannyuma ne kikozesebwa mu Lukiiko olukulu olwa Ddemon olw'Eddembe. Leero, buli ssemateeka wa gavumenti alina okulangirira eddembe eriba lirabikira mu lulimi lw'eggwanga. Kkooti z'eggwanga bwe ziba zivvuunula amateeka gaamu, naddala mu bitundu nga zinoonya oba nga zinyanyisa, nga zoogera, era nga zenkana bwe zikuuma. Ekiragiro kino kiraga nti etteeka eritali likkiriza eddembe eryo lisobola okuba n'obuyinza obw'enkola okuyitira mu ku kusindika obulombolombo n'obulombolombo.

Ebituuka ku Kintu Ekikakafu: Ekirangiriro ng’Ekitabo Ekituyamba Okunnyonnyola Amateeka

Emitwe gy’Engoye ne Ekiruubirirwa kya Claus

Emu ku ngeri ezisinga okukozesebwa gavumenti okussaawo amateeka kwe kuteekamu enzivuunula z'amateeka. Ssaawe bw'eyisa etteeka eryawula olulimi lwayo. Ekiragiro bwe kiyisa etteeka erya "passion" erikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu, okukuuma obutonde, oba ku by'obujjanjabi.[1] Ekirango kino kitera okujuliza oba okukyogera ku nsonga endala ezikwata ku mateeka okusobola okunnyonnyola ekigendererwa ky'empisa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu eryakolebwa mu 1964 litandika n'ebinoonyeze ebimenyesebwa ebimenya “entebe ez'eddembe n'obwenkana” ebiva mu Krakiti ekyo. Mu ngeri y'emu, gavumenti nnyingi zireeteempagibwa mu ngeri y'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ensonga ennungi abantu bonna gye baatandikawo.

Empandiika zino tezirina bulabi kulungi; zisobola okusobozesa kkooti okunnyonnyola mu ngeri gye zitegeeramu ebigambo mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga zigoberera “kakiiko akategese obwakyamateeka”, abalamuzi batwala etteeka okutwalira awamu. Singa etteeka lisaba, kkooti eyinza okusoma ebitundu by'etteeka mu ngeri esobozesa emitindo egyo okumanyibwa. Kino kirina amaanyi naddala singa ebiwandiiko by'amateeka bibaako we bikoma okusomebwa.

Endowooza z’Abalamuzi n’Obulombolombo “Obuwanguzi”

Abalamuzi ab'eggwanga ne bannaggwanga bawaako ekiragiro mu nkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi z'endowooza. [FLT]wn v. . . . .kaadi ey'Enjigiriza [194] , Kkooti enkulu teyesiga Ekirala eky'okuva ku Kiwandiiko, naye endowooza egamba nti olubalabala tekwatagana na n'obusika olw'enkalakkalira, era nti oluvanyuma lwava we lwawukana n'obwawukana. Ate era ne ku nsonga endala, nga [5] OGULT] olukyasaamu. , olugamba okukikoze ku kuginnyonnyola mu ngeri y'enkola y'olukalala olwo, olumu mu mateeka olwo lw'olupapula lw'olukalala lw'ebiragiro .[FLt:][F.][5][5] [empalaat], kyeyongera okunnyonnyola okumanyisa oku

Engeri Ebintu Gye Bigobererwamu Leero: Engeri Amateeka ga Leero Gye Gatambulamu Okuva ku Misingi 1776

Okutegeeza Eddembe n’Ekifaananyi

Ekirangiriro kino kikakasa nti gavumenti eteekwa kukkirizibwa ku lukalala lw'amateeka ga American agafuga obululu. Amateeka agafuga obululu bwa bannakatemba gakakasa nti buli muntu alina okuba n'eddoboozi lyenkanankana. Amateeka g'okulonda eddembe erya n'enkola ya Fources Act mu 1965, National Voter Religiography of 1993. Amateeka agafuga mu ngeri ey'okulondamu gakkirizibwa olw'obwetaavu obwa bulijjo okumanyisa ekilango ky'obwa nti ekirango kino kyakolebwa kikyenkana. Kkootikko bwe yasazeemu ku nsonga y'ensonga y'ensonga y'ensonga ezikwata ku ddembe lya nnamba, era nga n'obutemwa obwo bukkirizibwa.[FLT][FLD][FFOL2][3], olukujjuzi olutuufu olw'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'okumenya e]

Ate era, abawagizi b'amateeka agafuga akalulu bwe baba balaga ebireetebwawo akalulu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, amasande agagaziza oba agazzaawo eddembe ly'okulonda mu bakungu ba gavumenti gatera okubaamu “okuzuula” ekitundu ekiraga nti amateeka gaago ganyweredde ku musingi ogwatongozebwa. Kyokka, abawagizi b'amateeka agago oluusi bagamba nti okulonda ng'okwo kukuuma obululu, mu ngeri eyo ne kikuuma obwetaaze obwa gavumenti nga bugattiddwa nti gavumenti (aa) tegireka mateeka gagifuga.

Okukuumibwa n’Etteeka Eryenkanankana

Ekirangiriro kino kye kisinze okumanyibwa ennyo.[1] “Abantu bonna baatondebwa nga benkana”[1] era tebakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu bbanga lya kyasa nga kinnaakyo kimaze okuwandiikibwa. Naye era be bassaawo amusingi gw'obukuumi bwe bumu mu kifo eky'okuwerezaamu etteeka ery'okukyusaamu mu 14. Kkooti enkola ya Kkonteyo ereekera ddala okuyisa amateeka agakugira obusosoze mu mirimu, mu kunoonya amayumba, ne mu bifo ebibeeramu abantu bonna. Amateeka gakkiririza ennyo ekiragiro okunnyonnyola ensonga lwaki obusosoze mu nsonga tebulibwenkanya: kubanga gagaana ekitiibwa ekiragiro ekyo ekyakolebwa.

Kkooti eziwanyisa amateeka gano zitera kukola ku “buwanvu obwa tteeka” singa enkalala (nga gamba ng'eggwanga oba ekikula) zikozesebwa okuyisa abantu mu ngeri ya njawulo. Ekiragiro kigoota okuva ku Declaration: okuva abantu bonna lwenkanankana, etteeka lyonna eribakwata mu ngeri ennungi liteekwa okuba nga lyategekebwa bulungi. Enkola eno ereetebwawo mu ngeri nga [FLT][FLT][2] era era n'abaana abayinza okukolebwa mu ngeri y'emu.[FLT:]] .[FLT:]] . [197], , eyoleka engeri ey'empisa ey'enjawulo mu mateeka gye kiyinza okukozesebwa mu mateeka, n'okugobeetaakkebeeta, n'okuyisa abaana.[FLT:]

Engeri gy’Oyinza Okukozesaamu Omuntu Wo n’Okumukuuma

Okukuuma kwa “buteefugeevu” kunnyonnyoleddwa nga kuzingiramu si buteefu ku kwefuga okw'omubiri kyokka. Kkooti enkulu etwala emitindo gy'ennamba okusobola okusalawo ku nsonga ez'omukwano. Era etegeeza nti ebiwandiiko bya ddembe birina okutwalibwa nga bikulu nnyo ne kiba nti tebisobola kuggibwako buggwengo obwa bulijjo okuva ku bufirosoofo obufuga enfuga ey'ekilango. [FLD][FL:1][FLY][FF]. Connecticut[F:] [F:][55]] [FFFF]] [6], obukyayinza okugggumiza mu gavumenti ekkomo.

Mu Endowooza ey'obungi yagamba: “Endowooza ey'eddembe y'eyagaliza omuntu okunnyonnyola amakulu g'obutonde n'ekyama ekikwata ku bulamu bw'omuntu.” Olulimi olwo lulaga endowooza y'obusawo ku ssanyu ly'omuntu. Ekiwandiiko ng'ekyo kiraga nti Ekirangiriro kikola ekisinga obunene okusobozesa abalamuzi okusoma olunyiriri lwonna olwa ggumba okuzuula obubaka obugirimu.

Enkola ey’Ensi Yonna: Engeri Gavumenti Endala gye Zikozesamu Ekirangiriro

Okuzuula Ebiwandiiko eby’Ebya Bannaddiini Abappya

Ekirangiriro ky'Obwetwaze kikoppye amawanga mangi agalina gavumenti ezaamuteekebwawo. Ekivume ekifuga French ekya Ddiv of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) kyeyava mu lulimi lwa Jefferson, ne dayirekita nnyingi ezaddirira(ng'obungangaani, Poland, n'amawanga mangi agaasooka mu Afirika agaasalibwawo nga tegobeddwawo mu mateeka ga Amerika ("Dikractal of Human Rights of Human Rights). Mu kukola 'Universa Universal Declaration of Human Rights' (1988), akakiiko k'ekibiina ky'Amawanga, akatuula ku Eleanoroose Rooselt, kaayungi ennyo ku biragiro bya Amerika. Ekitundu ekisooka, “Abantu bonna baazaalibwa mu ddembe era ne mu ddembe ery'okuteekawo empalabulako. Kisenge ekigamba nti, kya DDIVIMP.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, kkooti z'ensi yonna zikozese ekirango ky'eggwanga okutaputa endagaano ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu.

Ebinaakwata ku mateeka agaakolebwa oluvannyuma lw'obukolobosi

Amawanga agaafuna obwetwaze okuva ku bufuzi bwa bannaabwo mu kyasa ekya 20 gaateeka kkopi zago ku Amerika. Amateeka ga Buyindi, agaatwalibwa mu 1950, gazingiramu essomero erisuubiza obwenkanya, okwenkanankana, , ettaka ne oluganda.Nnwel alyogera ku Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Buyindi essa essira ku kwenkana era n'okukkiriziganya. Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Bulaaya eyogera ku DDI ng'otaputa eddembe ly'obulamu n'eddembe wansi w'Akaago 21. Mu ngeri y'emu, Ppost - adictive Africa (196) ek'empandika kya k'obusomero mu buwandikiro era eky'okugatta abantu bonna, era kyeyolekera ddala mu kiwandiiko ekyo. Ebiragirowo ekyo kiraga nti ekiragiro ekyo si k'omusinze mu byafaayo bya byafaayo naye nga bigoberera mateeka okwetooloola ensi yonna.

Obunafu n’Enkomerero: Omuwaatwa Oguli wakati w’Ebigambo n’Etteeka

Obunnanfuusi era n’Okuvaako Ebibi

Wadde ng'Ekirangiriro kino kibadde kikozesebwa okugaziya eddembe ly'abaddu, ebyawandiikibwa byaakyo ebyasooka birimu okukontana okw'amaanyi. Jefferson yalina abaddu, era ekiwandiiko ekyo tekyakomya buddu; era ab'eggwanga lya Indiya baakiyita “Abayindi Abayindi Abawansi Abataayi.” Era waayitawo emyaka nga 1776, amateeka g'Abamerika gaalagira abakazi okufugibwa abasombi, ne gagaana okulonda abaddu, era ne gakkiriza ebbeetaasa. Abakunoonyereza ku nsonga zino bagamba nti Ekiragiro kitera okukkirizibwa awatali bantu abazungu, nga bavunaana abasajja okugoba abantu abalala.

Kyokka, ebigambo byennyini ebyakozesebwanga mu Kiwandiiko ekyo byayamba abo abaali batakkirizibwa mu ggwanga eryo. Frederick Douglas, mu bigambo bye ebyamanyibwa ennyo 1852 bye yayogera mu lulimi lwe “Muddu kye ki?” Ekirangiriro kyayo kyakyukira abawandiisi baakyo nga kigamba nti etteeka eryali lisaba abawandiisi okukiteeka mu kifo eky'okubiri.

Okufuga Omusango n’Akabi k’Okulowooza ku Mpisa

Abeekenneenya amateeka abamu balabula abantu ku kuteeka obwesige mu Krangiro nga basala emisango. Bagamba nti ekiwandiiko kino tekitegeerekeka bulungi ne kiba nti tekisobola kufuga mateeka. Ebigambo “okufuna essanyu” biyinza okutegeeza bingi eri abantu, era abalamuzi abeetaazaamu ebigambo ebyo bayinza okuba nga bawa endowooza zaabwe ku mpisa. Omulamuzi Antonin Scalia, omuwagizi w'eddiini ey'eddaala, eyalabula nti okukozesa ekiragiro okugaziya eddembe ly'okutongoza ettukwa. Mu ngeri gye yayawukanyamu, kiyinza okuviirako abantu bangi okufuna endowooza zaabwe ez'eby'empisa ennungi. [FL:1] OG., SCCLAIA yagamba nti, mu ngeri enzirowo y'ensonga ey'empisa ekyuse ennyo, ekirondeka ky'egobeegobe mu nkola y'egobeego. Ekiragiro kino ekiragiro ekigamba nti, ekitongole ekisinga obungi kisalawo eky'ensonga y'emu termo-democracraticism ekigamba nti, kirina okumenya

Ekirango kya Maaso: Okutongozebwa kw’Ekiwandiiko Ekyo mu Mateeka

Gavumenti zikozesa ekiragiro eky'Obwetwaze okussaawo amateeka mu ngeri enfunze nga zikozesa ebigambo ebyangu okutegeera era ebitalabika.

Ekirangiriro kino tekisinziira ku nnyinnyonnyola ya mateeka yokka wabula ku busobozi bwakyo obw'okuzza akabonero. Embeera bwe zijjawo bwe zijjawo(8) Enkyukakyuka mu bya tekinologiya, enkyuukanya, okusoomooza okutaasaanyawo ebyamaguzi.[1] Ekirangiriro kino kijja kusobozesa obuvunaanyizibwa obw'ekiseera kyonna okuzuula olukalala lw'amateeka amatuufu. Ekiwandiiko kino kijja kweyongera okumanyisaamu amateeka g'ensi yonna agajja okubaawo, olw'okuba tegayogera ku bintu ebibaawo mu kiseera kyonna naye nga abantu bwe baagala okufuna eddembe n'okwegobereza.

Abo abaagala okwekenneenya ebiwandiiko ebikulu, Etterekero ly'amateeka liwa endukusa eza bulijjo era n'ennyiriri eziriraanyewo . Library of Conset Congress era liwa n'obubonero mu ngeri nti n'okwawula ebiri ku ntandikwa y'amateeka bibawandiikibwa [. Abayizi ab'eby'amateeka bayinza okwebuuza ku Control Information Information erce of rectory'ous productive Institute of deficiation .