Table of Contents
Ennyanjula: Amatabi Satu mu Biseera eby’Akaseera Akataayi
Ka kibe nti wabaddewo obutyabaga oba ebibamba eby'omu butonde. (ka kibe kivudde ku buzibu ki bweyoleka, oba nga wabaddewo embeera z'eby'obulamu ez'amaanyi oba nga waliwo obukulembedde.) Mu Amerika, amatabi ga mirundi esatu ga gavumenti (gatundiddwa, gannannyini gavumenti, gakola emirimu gya njawulo ku mateeka era gawa abafuzi obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enjawulo mu mateeka, naye emirimu gyago giba gya maanyi nnyo naddala mu kiseera eky'obuzibu. Obukulembezi, sipiidi, oba obutongole bwa gavumenti, bisobola okusobozesa obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu okufuna ebizibu. Okutegeera engeri ofiisi y'ensi gye zikolamu mu ngeri y'okukwata ensonga, era n'okuteekusobozesa okumanyisa obulungi emirimu gy'ab'obukulembeze.
Ekibuuzo eky’Obwannakyewa: Sipiidi, Obuyinza, n’Okussaawo Obukulembeze
ettabi lya nnawonivvu erikulembera obukulembeze bwa Prezidenti, lye lisooka okugonjoola obutyabaga. Amateeka gaalyo okulagira nti “Amateeka gattibwe mu bwesigwa” gagattiddwa wamu n'obuyinza obusobozesa ebikolebwa mu bwangu. Prezida ayinza okuteekawo eby'obugagga bya gavumenti, ebiragiro bya bakungu ba gavumenti, n'ebitongole ebifuga emirimu nga Federal Emergency Management Management Agency (FEMA), ekitongole ky'eby'obulamu n'enze ku buyambi bw'abantu. Kyokka, obuyinza bw'omukitundutundu mu ku bizibu busobola okuteekawo enteekateeka ez'okuddukanyanya eddembe ly'abantu, naddala bwe buba nga bawakanya eddembe ly'abantu oba nga bagaana enkola eza bulijjo ez'okuva mu mateeka okuganjanjanjabibwa.
Amaanyi n’Ab’obuyinza ku Bufuzi obw’Eby’Etteeka
Ebiwandikiro bya Prezidenti eby'ekika kya kabenje bisibuka mu nnyiriri nyingi: Amateeka, amateeka nga National Emertications Act (19976), n'ebyo ebiragiddwa mu byafaayo. Okulangirira obwetaavu obw'eggwanga kuleetawo enteekateeka nga 140 ez'eby'obukalu, nga mw'otwalidde n'obusobozi obw'okutambuza ssente, n'okukusiimula ebiragiro ebimu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu mu mussel'omuyaga ogwa COVID, Donald Trump yakwegayirira Stafford Act ne Devition Product okumanyisaamu ebikolerwamu ebikolebwa mu by'obujjanjabi. Oficiro n'empanizo eby'okukulembedde mu ku bannamateeka bannaaweebwe nga banna ba gavumenti.
Okunoonyereza ku Kiwandiiko ky’Engeri: Ssebutemba 11, 2001 n’Olutalo olw’Okutiisa
Tewaliwo kizibu kya maanyi kibadde kisobozesa bannakyewa okukyusa engeri y'okuddukanyaamu emirimu gyabwe okuggyako obulumbaganyi bwa bannalukalala obwa Presidenti George W. Bush, obwatandika emirimu gy'amagye mu Afghanistan. Ekitongole ekiwandiikiddwawo UMS of Military Force (AMF) ekyayisibwa Congress kyawaaza Prezidenti obuyinza okukozesa “bonna era n'amaanyi amatuufu.” Ofiisi y'ekitongole kyatandikawo ekitongole kya Homeland Security, ne kisobozesa USA PATTT Act okukebera ebikolebwawo, era ne kyongera obukoddinkodyo obusinga obungi ku ebyo oluvannyuma obwali bwabyo obwali busobola okulaga nti omukungu oyo abadde mu bwangu, mu kasasito.
Okunoonyereza ku Ngeri y’Omuyaga: Katrina n’Emitendera Egiyinza Okutuuka ku Buwanguzi
Wadde nga waaliwo okulabula kwa maanyi mu ngeri nti omuyaga Katrina gye gwawa abakungu ba gavumenti okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu. FEMA, wansi w'ekitongole kya Homela Security, yalemererwa okuleeta ebintu, okufuluma abantu, oba okuzza ku nkola entegeke mu New Orleans. Ekibamba kyaviirako omukungu wa FEMA Michael Brown okulekerawo okuddukanya ebibamba era ne kireetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu by'okuyita nga mw'otwalidde ne Post-Katrina Emergency Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Mana Digity Reform Act mu 2006.
Okufuga okw'ekitongole kya kaweefube ow'okukka wansi: KOVID-19
Ekiragiro kino kyateeka mu nkola abakungu ba gavumenti mu buyinza bwa CHOVID nga kiyisa empagi bbiri. Munsi wa Pulezidenti Donald Trump, White House yaggulawo olukalala lw'ebiddukano era ne kisindika abajaasi okuzimba amalwaliro. Omukono gwa Warp Ginney Gieruka okuwandiisa amajanjanja okusobola okuwandiisa ebiseera ebigere. Mu kiseera kya Prezidenti Joe Biden, abakungu baateeka ebiragiro ku kifo kya gavumenti, baatandikawo ekitongole ky'obulwadde ekya CHOVAD-19 era ne balagira olwrackessial Safety Acuty and Administration (OSA) okutandikawo emitindo gy'obudduukirize ku mulimu. Mukolo ogwo gwa waggulu ku ngeri obutongole ekitongole ekiwanyisa gye kiddukanyanyanyamu: okuva ku Kitebe kya Centerreaased armenti (CD) okukozesebwa mu ntalo z'amateeka by'amateeka. Era gwamenyedde mu ku kugoobugunja mu kifo kya waggulu ku bikwata ku nkola y'obutuufu.
Empeera y’Ettabi: Okusasulira, Okulabirira Obukulembeze, n’Okussaawo Amateeka
Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ettabi erya nnyini mateeka okuteekawo enteekateeka ez'okugonjoolera omulimu mu bwangu nga likozesa ssente eziyinza okugobererwa mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Kyokka, ettabi erikola nga lino liyinza okusoosa enkola ez'okussaawo entegeka, en'amateeka, n'okuvunaanyizibwa ekyetaagisa okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu ebiba bizzeewo. Mu kiseera ekyo, akakiiko ka ka kakkomo kayinza okuyita sipiidi ya njawulo, okuyisa amasasimu agayinza okumala emyezi mingi mu nnaku n'ennakuna. Kyokka, ettabi lya freerock bugzi k'ayinza okulemesa ebbanja, nga bwe kirabibwa mu mabanja mangi aga bulijjo ne gavumenti bwe gasala obujanjabi.
Ebintu Ebiyinza Okugobererwa Akatyabaga n’Ebigambo Ebiyinza Okugobererwa
Congress era agamba nti “bukulu bw'enkonge,” ekitegeeza nti ssente ezikozesebwa mu bizibu zeetaagisa gavumenti okukkirizibwa. Empeenya zisobola okuweerera obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bwa doola mu buzibu bw'eby'enfuna, era ne kampuni z'eby'obulamu. Ng'obukawumbi bwa 2008 buvudde ku kizibu ky'eby'enfuna, Consert eyisa Speed Asset Seaset program (TARP) mu mwezi gwa 2008, era nga zeetaagisa obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi 700 okuva ku nteekateeka y'eby'ensimbi. Act eya United States eya 2009 yagobesebwa mu by'enfuna, ebikolerwawo, ebizimbulukubisi ne bye byago ebikolebwa mu gavumenti z'Amerika ebya 2021. Mu mwaka gwa 2000, akawumbawumbi n'201, akawumbirira w'obuwumbi bwa COV. , nga nga nga nga nga nga mu t'ACES, okuwereza ne Active Act, Thecercerce, The Act
Engeri y’Okufugamu n’Okuvunaanibwa
Congress ekola nga akuuma obujulizi okuyitira mu kuwuliriza, okunoonyereza, ne gavumenti ekola alipoota mu kabuyonjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekizibu, obukiiko butuula ne bunoonyereza ku ngeri ab'obuyinza gye baddukanyaamu amatabi, okusaaweerera ebiwandiiko ebiwandiikibwa, n'abakungu ababuuza ebibuuzo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, House Khetence Committee ku kitongole ekikola ku butemeegu bw'eby'obutebenkenkenke, nga kiwanudde lipoota ku ku ku kulemererwa kw'obutebenkenkenkenya n'obutongole bw'eby'ebyuma. Mu ngeri y'emu, obukiiko obukola ku kkomero zino bukulu busobola okukebera enziji z'ebibuyaga eby'amaanyi.
Okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'abalagibwa mu mateeka: Act y'omulimu gwa USA
Mu Ogwokulembereza 2001, akakwakkuliro akaawerera ddala obuwagizi obw'enjawulo kaaleetera abalabirizi okuteeka ku buwagizi mu mateeka n'okumanyiira ebigambo. Kaasuula ebbaasa okwali okusobola okufuna ebisaanyizo, okusobozesa empuliziganya ezitambula mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okugattibwa wakati wa FIA ne FBI. Wadde nga abawagizi baakiri baakwata Omusango ogwo gwali mu kulwanyisa bannalukalala, abawanguzi baagugguuzi baayungizaamu obukwakuliriza obuwagizi obwa bulijjo. Amateeka gaagikkirizanga okukkirizibwa okuzza eby'okukyusa ebizinze mu kifo kya USAFUFUS, era n'okusengeka kw'enjuba ey'enjuba okugwa kwagoberezebwa kwago kulaga engeri enk'okugabana kw'amateeka gye kuyinza okubaamu ensonga ez'amaanyi. Mu 2015, enteekateeka za kawerengo za gavumenti za gavumenti za USAFUSFUS, zaago zikyusa endowooza ez'ebintu ebya bulijjo ku by'omukibwa mu kifo kyazo.
Okunoonyereza ku Kabi k’Abakazi: Embeera ey’Ebizibu by’Enfuna mu 2008
Ekiragiro kino kyawangulwa mu 2008 nga tewannayita katale ka magoba ga ntenkano. Ekiragiro kyawa ab'obuyinza ku Federal Reserve okusasuza amakooti nga bawayira ddala mu luwansiyansiyansiyansi. Ekiragiro kino kyalimu etteeka erigasaze ebbanja erikugira okusasula obutongole n'okulabirira ekitongole ekikola empanvu. Oluvannyuma abajaasi ba ba baagobererwa mu kkolero department depart of Wall Street Reformation ne Consumer Protection Act mu 2010, ekyateeka amateeka amapya ku banka era ne kiteekawo amateeka amapya ku n'okuteekawo enteekateeka y'okugobeeyambisibwa kwa banka (CFB). Ekiragiro kino kiraga engeri enkaluukanya y'obukulembeze mu mateeka ga gavumenti.
Okulamula Amatabi: Obukuumi mu Mateeka mu Biseera eby’Okweraliikirira
Ettabi ly'abalamuzi, nga litera okuba ttono nnyo eritambulamu, liba lya mugaso nnyo naddala mu bizibu kubanga likakasa nti ebikolwa bya gavumenti bigoberera amateeka. Kkooti ze ddamu ebiragiddwa abakungu ba gavumenti, amateeka n'enkola ez'okufuga, zikuuma eddembe ly'abantu eritabalibwa gavumenti era zissaawo ebyokulabirako ebiyamba mu kugonjoola ebizibu ebijja mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Ekikolwa kya balamuzi kiyinza okuleetawo aw'okuleetawo akakaayana: okweyingiza ku nsonga kuyinza okulemesa ebikolebwako mu bwangu, so ng'obuteewagguzi obutono tebuyinza kusobozesa kumenyebwa. Omuteeko wakati w'obukwakulizi n'obukola bw'obuwagizi obw'engeri ezikwata ku nsonga ziyinza okugezesebwa ennyo.
Okwekenneenya Ebikolwa eby’Akaseera Obuzibu
Kkooti zikozesa empandika ez'enjawulo okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwataganyizibwa n'obuzibu mu gavumenti. Ensonga ezikwata ku butebenkevu mu ggwanga, ensonga zitera okugoberera abakungu ba gavumenti wansi wa “bufumbo obwa ssemazinga” enjigiriza oba“ ebyamakulu ebyamaguzi. Naye, eddembe ery'enkwalo singa liba liba likosebwa, kkooti ziyinza okuyingira mu nsonga. Mu kiseera kya Ssematalo II, Kkooti Esinga obukulu emanyiddwa mu [[FOL:].[5][F], enkooseromenti y'eggwanga [FF].[10] Ebyamagee][FUM][FF], ebireeteevu ebireetebwa ebireeteevu bya CUP], ebireeteevu byawulamu, ebireetebwa abatuuze mu ngeri y'omulabe.[5][5][19][5][19][E][E]
Okukuumibwa ku Kununulibwa mu Mibiri Gyomu mu Biseera Ebizibu
Omulimu gwa judiary omunene gulina kye guyigiriza abantu mu ngeri y'okukuuma eddembe lyabwe. Ebyokulabirako eby'ebyafaayo biyigiriza: mu kiseera kya Ssematalo w'omunda, Pulezidenti Lincoln yaleka emirundi gye yafuga Omulamuzi Omukulu Roger Taney] Expace Merryman[ [1861])] Consementation [1861] kyeyasobola okukola mu ngeri nti, Lekomplate y'emu ne Congrrencel y'efuga. Mu kiseera kya Red Sce Scecesss Nyuma wa Wardenti I, kkooti Esinga Obukulu mu [[FLT:] v. United States [FLT:] (19]) yawagira ekkomo mu ku bwongobeevu mu ngeri y'okulayira mu n'okulamyamyamyamya mu n'okulayira, era ne mu ku nkola y'enkola mu ku nsonga ez'enkola mu magyeenyinyo. projeenyinyiri ezisinga okugo, okugoberebwa mu
'Ow'okuwandikawo akabonero akalaga olukumbo olw'ebintu ebyetaagibwa: Kino kitegeeza nti okiwadde obuwayiro obusobola okusaasaanyiza oluseetuka oluseetuka olusooka (952)
Ekibuuzo ekikulu ennyo ekikwata ku buyinza bwa bannaakyemalira kyakolebwa mu kiseera kya Ssematalo Truman bwe yakwata ebyuma mu kiseera ky'olutalo. Kkooti enkulu bwe yasala mu abavubuka nti Pulezidenti teyalina buyinza bwa ntegeka kutwala bintu bya buli muntu awatali lukusa. Omulamuzi Robert Jackson yatandikawo ekika kya sistemu essatu: ky'obukkulembeze ng'obuyinza bwe buliko obwava ku lukiiko olukulu nga lwe kikkiriza Congresswo.
Okusoomooza Okukwata ku Lukiiko Olukulu olw’Eby’Obufuzi: OMUSANGO OGW’EKIZINGO N’EKISINGA OMUKIRAGIRO
Kawumpuli yaleetawo enkyukawuka ku makanisa. Ensala ya Kkooti enkulu mu Katolika Diocese ey'omu Brooklyn v. Cuomo (2020) yasaanyawo ekkomo lya CD mu New York mu makanisa, kyokka South Bay United Pentecostal v. Newsom[[FL]] [20] yakkiriza enzigiro za California ez'okusinza okw'omu nnyumba.[1] Kkooti era n'ekwasisa ekitebe kya CDC ekigabaawulubya ebivaako, nga kiziyiza enkola y'oluyimba n'oluyimba olunene. Ebyo biraga nti okunoonyereza ku bizibu byeyongera mu bitundu bya Platina, ne ku n'entegeka z'obuyinza ezisinga obungi.
Okukolera Awamu wakati w’Amatabi: Okwekebejja, Okukendeeza, n’Okukwata Ebirala
Tewali ttabi lyekuusa ku bantu mu kiseera eky'ekizibu. sisitemu eno esobozesa obuvunaanyizibwa okusobozesa amatabi okwongera amaanyi oba okulemesa omulimu okugatwala mu ngeri esingayo obulungi.
Emirimu gy’Entalo n’Emitendera egy’Okulwana
Ekyokulabirako ekimanyiddwa ennyo eky'okukattulula ebiwaatwanya kye ky'ekirwadde ekya War Power Sower Resolution mu 1973, ekyayitibwa Prezidenti Nixon oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo Vietnam. Kwetaaga Prezidenti okutegeeza Congress mu ssaawa 48 nga tannakola magye era n'okugoba amagye oluvannyuma lw'ennaku 60 okuggyako nga kakiiko akakkirizi kakkirizza okukola ekiwandikiro. Abakulembeze bazze bawakanya etteeka lino nga bawakanya omuduumizi w'obuyinza obwa bannamateeka era n'obuyinza obw'ebitongole. Kyokka, kikomyewozesezza ku ku ku nsonga ezigwawo mu ntalo nga Living (201) ne Busuuli (2014).
Ensimbi n’Okwaŋŋanga Okuddirira mu by’Eby’Omwoyo
Ekiragiro kino bwe kiba nga kyategekebwa mu 2013, gavumenti esobola okuzimya ebijjukizo ebiri ku kawumpuli. FEMA yakiteeka mu nkola eyagootaanya obutyabaga obugwagwawo.
Entalo z'Ebiseera eby'Omusango
Kkooti bwe yalagira kakiiko akassawo akakwasisa oba obutabaako ky'akola, obuwulize tebulina kukolebwa buteeberezebwa. Omukulembeze w'eggwanga Andrew Jackson yagamba nti, “John Marshall y'asazeewo; kati muleke akwate!”[1] Kweyoleka nti kkooti zesiga obukwasi mu bakungu. Ekyasooka, abakungu ba Trump baanyooma obukiiko bwa Trump ne bagaana okugoberera enkola za bannannyini ez'okunoonyereza, ne kiviirako okunyooma enzivuunula z'amateeka. Mu mbeera enzibu, omukungu oyo ayinza okugaana amateeka agakwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku bukuumi mu ggwanga nga bwe kirabibwa mu Guantana habeas. Kyokka, obutuufu obw'okukwata ku kkooti, okuva bwe kiri nti okunyoonoona amateeka agafuga amateeka agafuga enfuga enfuga enfuga zamateeka.
Okukulira Ebibiina n’Okusalira Omusango
Mu kiseera kya kookolo 2020, olukusanyazesaamu olw'obwannannyini lukubiriza enkola ya bannalukalala. Mu kiseera kya pulezidenti, ba prezidenti baalonda abalamuzi abaasala emisango egyajjawo mu bizibu bye bimu. Okugobererwa kw'amatabi era kukyusa ebikolebwa mu lukiiko. Kkompyuta ze zikola enteekateeka z'okuwaayo ssente mu kkooti, okugaziwa kw'amasaza, n'okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku ku ku ku kusalawo okw'eby'amateeka.
Empeenye: Bye Tuyiga mu Kufuga mu Kiseera eky’Enkyukakyuka ez’Enkyukakyuka
Nga bategeera engeri amatabi ga gavumenti gye gakwatamu embeera enzibu, abasomesa, era n'abayimbi ba gavumenti nga bwe kibadde. Ofiisi y'ettabi esobozesa abafuzi okukola emirimu n'amaanyi gaabwe naye nga bawa obuwagizi, era nga bavunaanyizibwa. Ettabi ly'abalamuzi likuuma eb'enkwaso z'entebe z'omu mateeka era ne lissaawo enyinza naye nga lisaanidde okuteekawo n'obudde obw'okusigala nga litunula. Ebizibu ebya bulijjo(okuva ku 9/11 ne ku mubububububububudde Katrina) okutuuka ku mulabe wa CHOVHAD(19) byetaateekako n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okusasula eb'amatabi gonna ekyetaagisa okukola omulimu gwago nga gawatisse bulungi erina ku biragibwa bya bufuzi bwa demokula ne ku ngeri y'okugezesaamu. Obukulembedde obw'obuzibu obw'ebibamba ebiva mu mbeera.