Engeri gy’Oyinza Okukwatamu Eddembe Ery’Osaanidde Okufunamu Ejja Kukuyamba: Ekyo ky’Osaanidde Okuyiga

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu obutagoberera nkola y'amateeka ga Amerika, nga kikakasa nti tewali muntu n'omu ajja kufiirwa bulamu, eddembe oba ettaka nga tewali ngeri za kutuukiriza mukolo. Bifugiddwa mu kugattika Amateeka ga Amerika okw'okutaano n'ogw'ekkumi n'ena mu kkumi n'ena, era bikuuma abantu obutagoberera mateeka ga gavumenti eyeeteeresebwa bokka era n'okukakasa nti obwenkanya buteekebwa mu nkola y'amateeka. Abasomesa, abayizi, n'abantu abatuuze, okukitegeera tekirina buteesobozi ngeri bakoleramu masomero, era n'enkaago ezikkirizibwa mu mateeka. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku ngeri gye gaddukanyaazaamu, ne ku nkola ey'enjawulo ereeteego mu ku nteekateeka z'eby'enjigiriza.

Ebigambo “enkola y'amateeka egenda eyitawo” bisangibwa mu Magna Carta eya 1215, naye ennyinnyonnyola yaakyo ey'omu kiseera kino yeeyambisibwa ebyasa bingi eby'enjigiriza ey'enzikiriza ey'enjawulo. Leero, enkola ekola nga eziyiza obuyinza bwa gavumenti obutakugirwa, okufiirwa obulamu, eddembe, oba ebintu, era n'omukisa ogw'amakulu gw'okuwulira. K'oba omuyizi ayolekaganye n'okugoba, omusomesa awakanya amateeka, oba omuzadde awakanya essomero, era eddembe ly'olina liba likukuuma ng'osinziira ku nkola y'enkola etali bwenkanya. Ekitundu kino kijja kukusobozesa okuyita mu nkola enkulu era kijja kunnyonnyola ensonga lwaki eddembe lino mu bulamu bwo obwa bulijjo.

Ensibuko y’Ebyafaayo y’Ebikolwa Ebiba Bigobereddwa

Endowooza ekwata ku nkola ekkirizibwa etuuka ku mateeka g'Abangereza, gye gaasembera ng'eraga ku buyinza bwa nnannyini buyinza. Essuula 39 mu Magna Carta yagamba nti: “Tewali muntu wa ddembe alikwatibwa oba okusibibwa, oba okuggibwako eddembe lye oba ebintu bye... okuggyako ng'amateeka g'ensi agakkirizibwa oba amateeka." Ebigambo ebyo bye byateekawo omusingi gwa nkola y'ensonga gye tubadde tuyita kati. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, kkooti z'amateeka ga Bungereza zavvuunula “amateeka g'ensi” okwetaasaamu, okuwulirwawo, n'okunywerera ku mateeka.

Amatwale ga Amerika bwe gaagattibwa nga geetongola, ne batwala obulombolombo buno obwali bugattiddwa. Oku Amereka okw'Okutaano, okwakkirizibwa mu 1791, kwagaana gavumenti ya gavumenti okuggyako omuntu yenna “obulamu, eddembe, oba ebintu, nga tewakyali mateeka.” Oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo, omulongoosebwa w'amateeka, ne guwerezebwawo mu gavumenti. Obukuumi obwo obw'emirundi kkumi na nnya butegeeza nti abazannyi ba gavumenti n'ab'ab'eggwanga bateekwa okussa ekitiibwa mu nkola esaanira nga balonda ebikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu.

Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Amerika etaddeko essira ku ngeri enkola egobererwamu ebeere nga tekyukakyuka. Mu kkooti egoberera embala k'ennyiriri ez'enjawulo , amakooti gaateekako obubonero obulagira enkola eyo ku bintu bisatu ebikolebwa okusobola okulaba oba nga bituukagana n'embeera nga tegobererwa. [FLT:]

Okusobola okweyongera okumanya ebifa ku byafaayo, Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute ewa obuntu obusooka obusooka obusooka, kyongera ku bufunze obwa bulijjo [[NKALA][[KATANDIKWA:1].

Engeri Ebiri Ebintu Gye Biteekwa Okukolebwamu

Kkooti n'abayivu baawulamu enkola ekyetaagisa mu biti bibiri eby'enjawulo: okuteekateeka n'okuteekawo enkola ekyetaagisa okusobola okugonjoola ensonga. Ebyo byombi by'ob'amanyibwa nga by'osaanidde okukola, naye nga byombi byombi byogera ku nsonga ez'enjawulo ezikwata ku bwenkanya. Emirimu egitafaanagana gikwata ku [[FLT]]][[FLT]]]][[[FLT]]]]][[[KY]]]][ongeri oba ebiyinza okumenya obukwakuliriza nga wazzewo ensonga. Okutegeera ebizikwatako byombi kusobola okukuyamba okutegeera eddembe ly'okugwa mu buzibu n'obuteekuyinza okubaawo.

Tekisobose omulimu ogubindabinda

Okusobola okunnyonnyola engeri gye kikolebwamu, kyetaagisa okusalawo mu ngeri ekolebwako gavumenti. Ebisaanyizo ebibadde byetaagisa byawukana ku ndukusa eza SELinux, naye mu bintu ebyo bizingiramu:

  • ' Notice:[ Omuntu alina okutegeezebwa ku kye yateeseteese okukola n'ensonga kwe kisinziira okugobererwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuyizi agenda okugobebwa alina okuweebwa amalagi mu buwandiike agakwata ku mateeka agamenyedwa n'obujulizi obubawagira.
  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa okuwulirwa:[ Omuntu ateekwa okufuna omukisa ogw'okutegeeza oludda lwennyini oluba lubanyuse, olusinga okubeera mu maaso ga k'oyo asalawo obutabaako ludda lwo n'aw'okudda mu nkola. Kino kiyinza okuzingiramu eddembe okuyita abajulirwa, okuwa obujulizi obw'enkukaaga, n'obujulizi obuwakanya enkola ya musaalaba.
  • [[AK'AMU:0] Obubonero obw'ekika ky'ekiwandikiro:[[KALA] Omukozi ateekwa obutabaako ky'asalawo. Omukulu w'essomero eyakola obutereevu mu nsonga eyo ayinza obutakola ng'omukungu awuliriza yekka.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Mu mateeka:[[KALA] Emirundi egimu, naddala singa okkiriza ebikoso eby'amaanyi, abantu balina obwannannyini okukiikirirwa omuwagizi oba omuntu omulala.
  • [[Act:0] Okusalawo kukwata ku nsonga nga kuno kulina ensonga:[[KITONDE] Oluvannyuma lw'okusala omusango, omukozi w'ebyo by'asaze alina okuteekawo etteeka eriwandiika ebiwandiikiddwa ebikakasa ebizingirwamu.

Obukuumi buno tebukoma ku bintu ebiba bisobola okugobererwa; tebusinziira ku bintu ebimala ku. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okugobererwa ku ssomero kiyinza okwetaagisa okwogerako n'omuyizi embagirawo, so ng'ate okugoba omwana ekiseera ekiwanvu kyetaagisa okujjukirwa mu bujjuvu. Kkooti enkulu esalawo mu bubinja bw'ebiragiro bw'omukono Gos v. Lopez[18]][15][2][7]][7][7][7][7]] Kino kitegeeza nti abayizi bayizi baleme okukaka okuyingiza oba okuwandiika ebigambo oba okutegeeza nti bawandisizza abaana nti bayizi abo ababalirwako omusango oba abawawawawawawawawawawawa oludda olwo olwo oba bali kkumi bugamba olw'oludda olwo.

Engeri Enkola gy'Eteetera Okukolebwa

Okusinziira ku nkola ekolebwa okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu ebiba bikkiriziddwa, kiyamba mu kuziyiza gavumenti okweyingiza mu nsonga, ne bwe kiba nti enkola ezikozesebwa tezikola bubi.

  • [[NKULA] Privitation n'okwefuga: Eddembe ly'okuyingira obufumbo, okukozesa enkola ey'okweziyiza okuzaala, n'okugaana enzijanjaba yonna bikuumibwa mu nkola etaagibwa mu nkola. Obergefell v. Hodges[[FLD:3] [2015], kkooti esinga obukulu yafuga nti abafumbo balina eddembe ery'okufumbiriganwa, kwe kugamba, ekitundu eky'omukimu ku nkola egobererwa.
  • [[ALL:0] Eddembe ly'Abazadde:[[[AMENT:1] Abazadde balina obuyinza obw'okukulembera abaana baabwe oba okubayigiriza. Amasomero tegasobola kulemesa ddembe lino lya nukuliya nga tegawadde nsonga nnungi.
  • [[[NT:0] Byetaagibwa ebigwa ku nsonga:[[[NKULA:1] era kiyamba abantu obutasubwa ddembe /oba eddembe erya nnamaddala /" nga tekibeetaagisa kwekwasa busongasonga bumala. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuntu okweyama ku bulwadde bw'obwongo tekimwetaagisa kuba na kabi konna na kuwulira bulungi.
  • [[NT:0] Obukuumi okuva ku nkola eya gavumenti eyeeteereddewo ab'obuyinza: ne bwe kiba nga tewali bukakafu bukiragiddwa, enkola egwanira okutwalibwa mu gavumenti egaana ekikolwa eky'okugoberera ‘ omuntu ow'omunda” oba ekitalina musingi mutuufu. Empandika eno ekuuma obubenje ku mpisa embi.

Kubanga omulimu ogugwanira gusibuka ku [[Act:0] koppi eya ku mateeka mu kifo ky'engeri y'okugateeka mu nkola, kkooti zisalawo ku bikwata ku ddembe ek'okugifuga singa wabawo omugaso gwa kugikola. Kino kitegeeza nti gavumenti eteekwa okulaga nti amateeka gayagaliza ekigendererwa era nti gategekeddwa okutuuka ku biruubirirwa ebyo.

Okutuukiriza Omulimu gw'Olina

Amasomero bifo eby'enjawulo gavumenti w'eyagaliza okukuuma emirembe, obukuumi, n'obuyigirize, bitera okukontana n'obusobozi bw'omuyizi era n'obuyigirize bw'abasomesa. Emirimu egitali gimu gigwana kulagirawo enkola nga teginnaba kuteekawo bibonerezo bya njawulo. Amateeka ga gavumenti, amateeka ga gavumenti, n'okusalawo kwa kkooti byonna birina kinene kye bikola mu kunnyonnyola engeri y'enjigiriza.

Enkolagana n’Abayizi

Abayizi bwe bayingira mu luggi lw'essomero, tebaba na ddembe lyonna lya nukula.

  • [[[NT:0] Amatu ge gandijjukirwa: Abayizi bateekeddwa okuziba amatumu okumala ennaku ezisukka kkumi oba okugobererwa. Essomero lilina okuwa obujulizi ku bye kivunaanibwa, obujulizi ku muyizi, n'ekibonerezo ekiteeteebwawo. Omuyizi alina obuyinza okukiikirirwa munnamateeka oba omuwagizi omulala, okuyita abajulizi, n'okusala abajuli mu bisomero ebinoonya obujulizi.
  • [[NKULA]] Okwetegereza obuyigirize obwa bulijjo kukolebwa: Wansi w'Akakiiko k'obulema obw'Enjigiriza (IDEA), abazadde bawagidde nnyo obukuumi obuva mu masomero bwe gasalawo oba bwe gakyusa engeri omwana gy'afunamu omulema. Kino kizingiramu eddembe ery'obwetwaze obw'okwesomesa, okwenyigira mu nkuŋŋaana zonna, era n'okusoomooza bye basalawo nga bayitira mu nkola esaanira ey'okuwuliriza oba okwemulugunya.
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Okunoonya obunyaze:[ Abakulu b'essomero bayinza okunoonyereza nga tewali bukakafu bulaga nti bandikkirizza, era empeereze ey'okuna ekwetaagisa okunoonyereza mu ngeri esaanira nga batandise ate nga mu kiseera kye kimu. Omuyizi anoonyerezebwa mu ngeri etategeerekeka ayinza okuwakanya ebyo ebikolebwa mu ssomero nga anoonya ebiba bigobeeterekeddwa.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Appals:[ Ebitundu ebisinga obungi ebinoonyezaamu ebigo, bikolewo enkola ey'okukusaba okuweebwa obulagirizi n'okusalawo eby'enjawulo eby'obuyigirize. Engeri zino zennyini zituukiriza obukwasiddwa nti ensobi ziyinza okukolebwako nga ekikolwa tekinnaggwa.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuyizi omu bwe yagwa mu kigezo eky'oku masekkati, ayinza okukisanga nga kya magezi okunnyonnyola omumyuka w'essomero embeera bw'esalawo ku mukebe. Singa essomero limala okuteeka ekkomo ku mukolo, singa lituukiriza ekibonerezo ekiba kiweereddwa. Naye singa ekibonerezo kye kimu eky'okubba ekisembyeyo kiviirako okugobererwa, omuyizi alina okuwulirwa mu bujjuvu olw'okuwa obujulizi n'okusannyamiina alipoota y'omusomesa eyabalimbye okubba. .S. Ekitongole ky'eby'ebiwandiiko bya ESCEA kiwagira obulagirizi ku bukuumi obuva mu ku by'awereza obuva mu ku buwato.

Eddembe ly’Okuyigiriza

Abasomesa n'abakola ku masomero abalala nabo balina eddembe eribagwanira okukola emirimu, naddala abo abalina endagaano ez'okukola oba abalina endagaano eziba zeeyongera.Emitemereddwa ey'ekkumi n'ena, ekuuma abakozesa ba buli muntu obutafiirwa mirimu gyabwe nga tewakyaliwo nteekateeka.

  • Nootice'obubonero obw'obunafu: Omusomesa bw'aba nga tannavaawo, essomero liteekwa okuwa ensonga eziba zandiviiriddeko omuntu okukola obubi oba obutakola bulungi bintu era n'akakisa ak'okulongoosa.
  • [[Act:0] Ebitundu enzijjuvu:[ Omusomesa agwanidde okusisinkana mu bumpimpi basobole okuwa emboozi zaabwe. Tekyetaagisa kusengeka lukalala lwa bitali bya bulijjo. Okuwulira kuno kuba kwa kikolwako, naye kuteekwa okubaawo nga tekunnaggwawo.
  • Ebiragiro nga ebiva mu kuzimya bisobola okutegeeza omusomesa nti takyali musoke. Okuwulira kuno kuteekwa okuba nga kuzingiramu obujulizi, okuyita abajulizi, era n'okubuulirira okumuwa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Basomesa abakozesa eddembe lyabwe ery'okwogera (kakat'akako, nga bavumirira ebiragiro by'essomero ng'omukuba akozesa amasasi) bayinza obutabeesasuza mu nteekateeka ey'okusooka. Omulimu ogugwawo guyinza okwongerako akadde okwogera singa omenya amateeka agakwata ku by'okukuba amasasiro.

Era n'abasomesa abatali ba nukuulu nabo basobola okufuna obukuumi mu mirimu egitali gya nkalakkalira singa balaga nti basuubira okukola ekigenda mu maaso.[1] Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa baba bafunye essuubi okumala emyaka mingi nga tebalina kye basinziira ku. Omusango gwa kkooti esingayo obukulu Cleverand Board of Education v. Loudermill[[FLD:1] [1985] guleetera abakozi abalina ebbeeyi y'omulimu okuba nga baweereddwa amagoba mu mulimu gaabwe okufuna amabaluwa n'okugaba nga tebannagimaliririza.

Okukangavvula n’Okuyigirizibwa Ekintu Ekikulu: Obukuumi Obulala

Abayizi abalina obulema, okusingira ddala kiba kyetaagisa nnyo. Ekiragiro ekilagira amasomero okuteekawo “obuyigirize obwa lukale obwangu obwa kampuni” era n'abazadde bayinza okusoomooza abaana okusobola okufuula omuyizi omulema nga bawulira. Singa amasomero gagezaako okukangavvula omuyizi alina obulema olw'obulema, ekitongole ky'omuyizi kiteekwa okuba nga kigenderedde okulaba obanga enneeyisa ye y'ekilema. Singa kiba bwe kityo, essomero terimu kusalawo kuggyamu muntu yenna alina luvannyuma lwa kiseera kyonna nga tewali luwalo lwa muzadde oba lukiiko lwoyaze.

Okutendeka abaana mu ngeri eno kibayamba obutatwalibwa mu ssomero olw’okuba balina empisa ezikwataganyizibwa n’obulema bwabwe, era kikwetaagisa amasomero okunoonyereza ku ngeri gye gandikozemu ebintu ebinaabayamba mu bulamu bwabwe.

Ebiva mu Kumenya Obutuufu bw’Ebiragiro

Singa amasomero oba ebibiina bya gavumenti ebirala tebissa kitiibwa mu nkola ekoleddwa, ebivaamu biba bibi nnyo. Abayizi bwe bagobererwa, kiyinza okuvaamu okugobererwa oba okugobererwa, ebisasiro by'ensimbi (mu misango egy'amaanyi), oba ekiragiro ekilagira essomero okuwa obuyigirize obwa bulijjo. Abasomesa, okukosebwa okusattulukuka okw'amaanyi kuyinza okuviirako okusasulirawo, okukomezebwawo, okukomezebwawo mu kibiina, n'okusasula ssente eziva ku gavumenti.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa essomero ligoba omuyizi nga tewali mujulizi yenna, omulamuzi ayinza okulagira omuyizi okugaana amangu omwana okufuluma ebiwandiiko by'omuyizi era n'alagira essomero liggyemu ebiwandiiko ebiwandiikiddwa. Bwe wabaawo okumenya amateeka mu bugenderevu, ekibonerezo kiyinza okufunibwa wansi wa 42 U.S.C. mu 1983, amateeka g'ensi agakkiriza omuyizi okusaza gavumenti n'abakungu okuzza etteeka erikkiriza obuwambi gavumenti okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti.

Bwe tutamanya bivaamu, omuyizi bw'akangavvulwa mu ngeri etali ya bwenkanya ayinza okuwulira nga yeeyawudde ku bayizi be. Omusomesa bw'akomya omulimu nga tawulirizza kiyinza okutaasa obulamu bwe.

Omulimu gw’Abasomesa mu Kuwagira Entegeka Esaanira

Abasomesa bakolera wamu n'abayizi bonna awamu buli lunaku era n'ebyo bye bakola nga bakuuma oba nga bafeebezza eddembe ly'okugoberera amateeka. Okusobola okutuukiriza obulungi obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe, abasomesa basaanidde:

  • [[Act:0] Manya enkola:[ Gezaako okutegeera emitindo gy'empisa, ekitabo ky'abakozi, n'engeri ez'enjawulo ez'obuyigirize.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Ak'oteekako buli kimu:[[[AGUMENTI]] Bw'oba okangavvula omuyizi oba mukozi munno by'akola, kibala nti ebiwandiko byabyo biwandike bingi.
  • Kitegeerekeka bulungi:[[NKULU] Bw'ossawo akakwate ku bayizi n'abazadde abalina eddembe ery'ennimi ze bategeera, kibanguyira okutegeera. Ekirango ekinnyonnyola “osaanidde okuwulira nga n'enkola ey'okukomyawo empya tezinnaba na kusibibwa.”
  • Munoonyereze: Kolera ku bitongole ebikola okukangavvula abaana, amateeka ag'enjawulo agakwata ku buyigirize, n'entegeka za gavumenti.
  • [[Act:0] Akabonero bwe kabaako kye kakutegeeza:[[[KATANDIKA]] Singa wabawo embeera ereetawo ebibuuzo ebisaanira, nga omuyizi aliko obulemu bw'ayolekaganye n'okugobebwa.[1] Ekimu kiyinza okuleetera omusomesa okugaana obuyigirize obwa waggulu oba okuwabula mu mateeka nga tannabaako ky'akolawo.

Singa oweebwa enziro n'omanya obusobozi bwabwe, ojja kuweebwa obujulizi obusobola okukugobera, okukuddamu, n'okukusaba ojje buwulire.

Bayamba Abo Okumanya Enkyukakyuka eziba Zeetaagisa

Okusobola okutandikawo empisa ey’omu ssomero, kyetaagisa okufuba ennyo.

  • [[AKM:0] Bisobozo ebitegekebwa okukola:[[[Act:1] Buli mwaka abazadde n'abayizi bannyonnyola okukangavvula, eddembe ery'enjawulo ery'obuyigirize, n'ensonga ez'okwemulugunya.
  • Okugatta:[[FULT:1] Enjigiriza ezitakwatagana ku nkola esaanira mu by'ewawagizi, mu by'obufuzi, oba mu bibiina ebigoberera ebyafaayo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, akatundu akateekebwa ku lukalala lwa mateeka kayinza okubaamu okusatulwa kw'omulembezo singa omuyizi ayisa nga adayiredde abaana, abayizi abawaayirizibwa, oba abajulizi.
  • [[NKUMBO:0]] Nnono etegeeza ekifo ekikulembera ewandikkero. Kolawo olupapula lw'empandika okulaga eddembe ly'omuyizi n'ebiragiro by'osobola okukola singa obadde oteebereza okumenya amateeka. Oteekamu obubaka obukwata ku kugondera ekiragiro n'obukwata ku kitongole kya ssaza.
  • Ebibinja by'abayigirizwa: Bikubirizza ebibiina by'abayizi okuyiga engeri y'okuyigirizaamu bannaabwe. Abayizi abakulu basobola okuyamba abaana okutegeera eddembe lyabwe erikwata ku kunoonya oba okunyaggeka obusinyi, okukangavvula n'obuyigirize obw'enjawulo.

Buli omu bw’ategeera amateeka, obukuubagano bugonjoolebwa nga bugonjooleddwa si mu kifo ky'okubumanyaamu. Ate era abaana bwe bayiga ebiba bituuse mu ssomero baba beetegefu okukozesa eddembe lyabwe nga bakulu mu mirimu, mu kusula, n'ensonga endala.

fundikira

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa buli musomesa obutagobebwa ku ssomero mu ngeri etali ya bwenkanya, abasomesa baleme kusumululwa awatali nsonga, era n'amaka nga galina obuyinza ku bikwata ku buyigirize bw'abaana baabwe. Bwe bayiga ensibuko y'obuyigirize, emitindo, n'engeri y'obuyigirize obutuufu, n'engeri y'okuyigirizaamu, bye bayigiriza ne bye basoma, bisobola okuleetawo enjawukana mu bantu.

K'obe ng'oli mufuzi wa ssomero afuga enkola ey'okukangavvula, omusomesa ayolekaganye n'empaka eziba zizzeewo, oba omuyizi ayagala okutegeera obulungi eddembe lyo, omusingi gubeera gwe gumu: nga gavumenti tennaba kuggyawo kintu kyonna, eteekwa okugoberera enkola ennungi n'okussa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ekkulu. Okusobola okukakasa omusingi ogwo gwe buvunaanyizibwa bwa buli omu ku buli kitundu ky'essomero. Okumanya ebisingawo ebikwata ku nkola y'obusobozi bwo, kebera eby'obugagga okuva ku ACLU 's Okumanya olupapula lwofugedde lwammwe olupapula oba [[FLT:]] Kino kitegeeza [FLT] Ekitongole ky'omuteeso eky'omu mateeka ekitongole ekimanyira eby'obumanyirimu obwa bulijjo.