Kampuni z'amazzi mu Amerika nkola nzibu nnyo era nga n'ebitundu bibiri bya gavumenti bingi era nga birina obuyinza bungi. Okukolagana obulungi mu bibiina bino kiyamba okukakasa nti entegeka z'ensi yonna zisobola okukuuma ensulo z'amazzi, ezisimbye ku musingi okuva ku nkola y'obulamu n'obulimi okusobozesa ebizimbe by'amazzi okukolebwa n'okukuuma ebyuma okusobozesa amaanyi gaagwo okukolebwa, n'embeera y'ebintu okutambula obulungi. Gavumenti y'ensi eyo ekola omulimu gwayo okumala emyaka egisukka mu kikumi kimu, nga yeesigama ku mateeka, obukuubaga, enzikiza, amatabaganya, era n'enkumbula okuva ku nkyukakyuka mu n'embeera y'obudde. Ekitundu kino kikebera engeri enkalukusaamu, n'obukobonobonyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanya eby'amagazi, n'enkola n'enkola y'enkola y'enkula y'amazzi.

Empisa z’Amazzi Zikwata ku Kibiina Ekikulu

Ekiragiro kino kifuga ebifo nga 12 oba n'okusingawo. Ebisinga okumanyibwa ze Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Army Corps of Engineers (UMACE), ne Bukiiko bw'Ennyanja. Kyokka, n'ebibiina ebirala nga National Oceanic ne Atmospheric Administration (NaA), U.S.S. Army Corps of Ecureagement (US), Federal Ecument Agencygency (FMA), n'ekitongole kya shy'e Wilders (FWS) nabyo birina emirimu egikulembeddwa mu ngeri y'okumanyisaamu.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

EPA kye kitongole ekikulu ekikuuma amazzi nga gagobererwa. Mu mpalo ey'amazzi ag'okunywa mu ngeri eyo, mu 1972 ne mu Savity Water Water Water Act [[[FL:3] mu 1974, EPA eteeka emitindo gy'obukyafu mu mazzi n'amazzi, ekkiriza okusumulula ebiva mu National Pollidant Division Effective System (NPDE) n'ebikwata ku ku kussaawo akawayiro akakwanjufu y'omulimu. Ekitongole era kitegeka enteekateeka y'okusobozesa okutegeka enkola y'omulimu mu by'obuddedde n'okufumba n'okufumba amagawazanya. [FFULAN][10][FU][FULA][EFULA][E][E]

Essaawa y’okunoonyereza ku mbeera ezikwata ku bulamu bw’abantu mu Amerika

'USGS' kye kitongole kya sayansi ekikulu mu ggwanga ekikola ku mazzi. National Water Information System (NWIS) Kino kiyamba mu kukuŋŋaanya empapula eza bulijjo ez'obuziba, ebipimo by'amazzi, eby'oku nnyanja, n'eby'amazzi. Ekiragiro kino kitandikira ku ku kulabula kwa kika kya muyawulu, ebiwandikiro, ebifo by'obudde, n'obudde. Entegeka ya sistemu y'ensi n'ebikwata ku mbeera y'obudde, n'ebikwata ku ngeri y'obudde. NAMBA y'ensonga y'obubonero bw'obubonero n'obukulembe ebya sayansi tebirinaayamba mu kufuga n'obulembe obw'obutuufu bw'obutuufu bw'ensonga zino. Obubonero obwa sayansi busobola okukulemberamu ennyanja.

Abasirikale ba Amerika

Ekiragiro kino kitegeka ebifo ebirongoofu n'amazzi mu bitundu 404 mu Kitundu kino, enkola ez'ennamba ez'enjawulo. Programu yaakyo etwaliramu okuzimba, okukola, n'okuddaabiriza enkumi n'enkumi za madamu, okufulumya, okukubisa, n'okuddaabiriza amayengo, n'okukubisaamu amataba. Enteekateeka eno era efuga amataba mu kifo eky'obukiikaddiriŋŋanwa ne mu bivaamu ebire. Ekiragiro kino kitegeka obungi bw'amataba ne mu Kitundu 404 eky'ekitongole kya Cquatometer Water Control [ , ebireeteesaase, ebisobozesa okuzimbira mu mikutu egitali gimu.

Bureau of Declase

Buwere Bureau of Reclainment, munda mu Kitongole ky'ebitundu bya munda, bufuga bulungi amazzi mu nsi 17 ez'ebugwanjuba. Gakoleramu madama 476 ne 337 amaterekero agagaba amazzi . Bibutumbula, kampuni n'amakolero, n'amasannya gaagwo, ne mu mulembe gwa byanno. Mu bitongole byago ebikebera ebibalibwa mu biseera eby'omu maaso, ebiteebwa mu budde, ebigamba nti: [[FLT][FLD:5], ebikolerwako, ebikolebwa mu ngeri ey'okuteekateeka ebigenda okukolebwa mu lubala lw'omugga, ne mu luguwa ne mu lusenyirime olukulu. Ekitongole ekyo era kiyamba okuzuula [[FLG.[FL:]][FL:5]][5]]

Ebintu Ebisinga Obukulu

[[E][AWULA][FON][AFON] Kino kiwa olunyiriri olw'omulembe n'olw'obudde nga kiyitira mu '[FON] Ennaku n'obudde. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa 'NKULU] n'eggwanga okufuna Obuweereza obw'Enjuba[[[FLT] ([FLT:]]][FON]]], ekikongojjedwa n'ekyeya kirowo, n'ekyeya mu budde bwe kiwandikiro, ebisenge byabwo.'ennyanja n'ebisenge byabyo bibaako, ebisenge bya "NKU][FFFF][10][10]][E][E][E]E] MPUMENTE][EN][EN][ENKUSA][E][ENKUSON][10][E] MP][EN] MP][ENFFOKA][EN] Ekiragiro ekigomannyonnyonnyogovu, ekikoma okugoma][ennyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyoma

Okukulaakulana mu Bukulembeze

Kampuni ezigatta awamu amazzi gakolebwa okuyitira mu kakiiko akakolera awamu, abakwasisa emirimu, ebifo ebigasa ebigattidwa mu mulimu gw'okuyitako data, n'obusobozi bw'obutongole bwa ssemasaza ga Amerika. Etteeka ery'okugabanyizaamu amazzi okusobola okugabana n'okugabana kw'enkwaso z'amazzi, z'ebyo ebikolebwa mu gavumenti nga zikozesa ebitundu bino okusobola okuziyiza obutategeeragana era n'okuleetawo obumu mu bitundu by'ensi.

Obukiiko Obugaba Obuyambi n’Emirimu

[[NKULA] Ekiragiro ekitegeka olukiiko lw'eggwanga[[FULT:1] era ne kizzaawo n'okuteekateeka n'okuteekateeka ekiwandikiro, kyabanga kugezaako okw'okuteekateeka enteekateeka y'amazzi mu kitundu kya USA, okuteekateeka ekitegekebwa mu 1965. Leero, Enteralansipausentifilter Gamenti[[FFON]], ebikolebwa ku kiragiro kya gavumenti ya USA, FEMA, EPA, EPA, N'EPA, n'ebirala. [[FOL:] Enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ey'ekitongole ky'ensi n'ekitongole ekitongole [-BP][FON], n'ensonga ez'okugimu, ebirengo bya S [FFON][N][AN][10], ebitongole by'omukalu, ebirengo, ebireetebwa .[A][A][A][A][E][E], ebitongole by'omunvubik'omu N'omu N'omu N , ebitongole ebitongole kya

Ebikwata ku Nzikiriza za Ssaayansi n’Ebikwataganya

Ekiragiro kino kissawo enkola y'okukolagana n'enkola ya data mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Awater Setyworal (okusingira ddala kifuga USGS, EPA, ne National Water Security Moning Council) ebigatta ebikongojjedwa mu nnyanja ne mu nviromenti. [[FLT:] Ennyanja ez'ensozi ne za Sources'ensi n'eby'amakobyo, bireetawo obuwanvu bw'amazzi. [NKUBANKUBA] Ekiragiro kisobozesa ebiva mu n'ebitundu ebiwera ebizikongojje ebiri mu bitundu bya ne wansi okusobozesa obutoffaali obwa bulijjo okufuna enfumbo eza n'ebitundu ebya waggulu. [FOT][FOT][FFOMET][G] n'amazzi ebikozesebwa mu nkola y'enkola y'enkola y'ekitongole kya SSEESPG.[GUMENTIRAG]

Empandika n'obuteeberezebwa obwa Delimian

Amateeka g'amazzi agasinga obungi geesiga ku nkola ezikolebwa wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa eragina. Ekiragiro bwe kiba kya ', kiba kya kufuga enkola ya NPDES era ne programu z'enteegi mu kukozesa amazzi ga mu ngeri ekkirizibwa okusobola okuzuula emitindo gya EPA. Ababaami bano beetaaga okulabiriza EPA, okulambula obukwasiro, n'okukwataganya ebiba by'enkola ku nsonga ezigoberera enkola ya gavumenti nga basinziira ku busobozi n'ebyo gavumenti by'eyagaanyinyinyi. Mu ngeri y'emu, layisensi za hydrowansi eziwebwa ne protomu eziwebwa ne 'Federation' (FERC') ziteekwa okulowooza ku biragibwa bya n'amazzi ebiva ku bitongole ebikola mu kitundu 401 eky'ekitongole ekikola eky'omu mazzi ekya Gwereza.

Okukkiriziganya kw’Ensi Yonna

Gavumenti ey'amazzi era ezingiramu okukolagana ne Canada ne Mexico okuyitira mu International Commission (JC) Ensalo ya tteeka ly'amazzi mu nsi yonna (U.S.Kada] n'amazzi ag'omu Nsiisira [[FL:2] International Bountary ne Aterters Commission (]] [[FLT]]][ULT][.S.S][JC]).C][-Mexico].ebitundu bino bifuga emigga egy'enjawulo nga Coluntry Coluntry ne Rio Grande, nga ebikwetaagisa ebiyingizibwa okuva mu ggwanga, mu Bukiiko bw'eggwanga, ne mu ngeri y'obukkeseetuka, ne mu bikola ebitongole ebikola ebitongole bya gavumenti, ne mu bitongole bya gavumenti ebirala ebikola ebikola ebikola mu n'ebyo ebiva mu n'ebyonoomuti. [[FFLG.]

Ebizibu Ebituuka ku Kutegeka Obufuzi bw’Amazzi

Wadde ng’ebintu ebyo bikolebwa mu ngeri ya njawulo, waliwo n’ebintu ebiremesa entambula wakati w’amazzi okutambula obulungi, ate ebimu biva ku kuba nti ab’obuyinza baagayawulamu; ebirala bya ssente oba embeera y’obudde.

Okulangirira Obubuulizi n’Obuweereza Obw’Emiwendo

Buli mulimu ekitongole kya 'FWS' gwe kiyinza okukulembeza ebintu ebitali bimu. Ekiragiro kino kiwaliriza abafuzi baakyo okukendeeza ku ngeri gye batambuliramu eggaali z'amataba, ate EPA kiyinza okulagira obusaze obw'okutambula n'okugonjoosa oba okukugira ennyo okubukyusa. Ekitongole ekikola ku mulimu kino kinoonya engeri y'okukifuulamu okusobola okukima amazzi mu bibuga ne mu by'obulimi, ng'ate mu kiseera ekyo FWS kiyinza okubeetaasaamu ebisolo ebiba mu n'ebika ebirala. Nga tewakyali bukulembeze bwa maanyi buyinza kusobozesa bannattuuti n'abantu okumanyiira ku mirimu gy'okunaawonera ddala , obutuufu n'obukuumi mu ngeri gye balagamu ku misannyalaze. [FLT:]

Okufuna Obuzibu mu Nsawo ne mu Kumeruka ku Nkyukakyuka

Ekitongole kya Amerika ekikolera ku nkola za ba projekiti mu Amerika kiwa omuwendo gwa D+ ne C, omuwaatwa ogw'essente ogubalirirwa okuba obuwumbi bwa doola 100 buli mwaka. Ebitongole bya disiturikiti tebyeewaayo mu by'eteeyimirimu bingi ebikolebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. [[FLT]] Awater Infraformationationationationationationationss for leastriations for lesssss, [[[WIN] Act [[FLD:1] era ne BULOOP] ebikolebwamu biba birecutibwamu mu ngeri y'obuwumbi bw'amasanzi [[FLT] K'AFLD] era n'obuwunjufu bw'amasaawulamu biba by'onoonyezza ssente mu USA, EPAA, ne mu ngeri eyeetaagibwa obugazi.[FFUP]

Enkyukakyuka mu Nseera n’Enkyukakyuka mu Mmeeri

Enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka mu ngeri entambula y'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu ntambula y'ebiwaawaatiro bya hydroginal. Ekyeya eky'amaanyi mu bugwanjuba bweyongera okusembera mu mataba ne mu bukiika kkono bwa ntshona wa kiika Ddyo, era n'okukendeera kw'enkunvu mu nnyanja z'omuzira okuliwo n'okussaawo enfulirano z'amazzi. Ebitongole bya 'FFLL:0] ne kifulumya ekitongole kya National Assesmentmentment[[[[FLLY:3] [[FLT]]], naye okuvvuunula okukolebwa kw'amateeka mu nkola ez'omulembe ne mu bitundu bya gavumenti z'obutundutundutundu 2019, kiyinza obutaba nga bukireetera enkola ey'okumanyisaawula enkola ey'enkola enkola ya processsssssssss'enkola mu ngeri endala. [[FLT:][FLT:]]][FLT]][F

Engeri Obulagirizi n’Okukkiriza Obukulembeze Gye Biddukanyizibwamu

Ebikoleozi by'amazzi emirundi mingi byetaaga enkumbo okuva ku ntegeka ez'enjawulo: EPA esteradmin'ewandikiro nga zigoberera Ekitundu ekya 404, USACEPAI ekkiriza, FERC hydrawer, ne kampuni ezikkirizibwa eri etteeka erikwata ku nnyanja. Okukkiriza enkola ey'okugonjooza amazzi kiyinza okutwala emyaka mingi, okulemesa ebiteesobozesebwa oba ebigattiseteezebwa ebirala. Ekiwandiiko kya 'FLL [[FLL:1] Kisalawo kimu ku 'NEPA' ekigenda mu maaso' ne 'US'. Ennyinyonnyonnyonnyonnyo ezifunvu zisigala nga zigoberera enkola ey'okujjuza obusokerosokereza ebikozesebwa mu ku EPA ne USACE.

Ebirowoozo eby’Okulongoosa mu Ngeri Gye Bitegekeddwamu

Olw’okuba bamanyi obuzibu buno, abakwasisa amateeka n’ebitongole bakoze enkyukakyuka ezitali zimu okusobola okwongera ku nkola yaabwe.

Obunene bw'amazzi agabindabinda

WRM y'enteekateeka ey'okutegeka n'okuddukanya obulungi amazzi, ettaka, n'ebintu ebirala ebizingirwamu okusobozesa okugaziya embeera y'eby'enfuna n'embeera z'abantu awatali kwekkiriranya. Wadde nga tekikkirizibwa mu mateeka, emisingi gya IWRM gyeyongera okwenywezezebwa mu biwandiiko n'okunoonyereza okw'ebisengekebwamu. Awater Resources Development Act [WRDA][F:1] Kaakano kazingiramu enteekateeka ez'okunoonyereza ku by'amazzi ebizingiramu gavumenti n'abakuumi bannaazo. DIKURAWURE] Kitongole ekikolera ku n'ebitongole ebirala ebikola ebikola enkola ey'okugatta ekibiina kya gavumenti ebikolamu.

Okukulaakulana mu by’Okubuulira n’Obusobozi bwa Ssaayansi

Okufuula ebikongojjedwa mu mabazi mu bitongole bya 'API' kiba kikulu nnyo.' Kino kisobozesa ebiwandikiro n'ebitundu ebikola ennyunzi okuggyamu obubonero bw'amazzi mu bitundutundu. Mu ngeri y'emu, ebiwandikiro [FLT:] biwandikibwa ekibiina kya USS nga kikolera awamu ne EPA, NAKAA, era n'ebitongole bya ba yunivvu, bisobozesa abantu okufuna obuterekero bw'amataba mu bitundu bya API, obuwanvu bw'amaterekero, n'obudde obugendera ku nsonga z'ebirengerimu eby'ebire. , obuwanvu bw'amataba ago, n'obuwanvu bw'obubonero obukola enzizi ebibalwawo mu mataba oba mu mataba.

Engeri ez'Okutegeka n'Eby'Obutonde

Enteekateeka z'okumanyisa engeri obutonde gye busobola okusonjoolebwamu (era biyitibwa enkola egoberera enkola eya bulijjo ]) nga mwe muli ne wetland entegeka ez'okuddawo, n'ez'omuddookisi. Ekiragiro kino kikolamu enkola eya "Infractuation mu ngeri nti n'obubonero obulagira kutandika bugazi bwabyo obwa bulijjo, obugazi bulaga engeri y'okukolaganamu n'obubonero obulagira nti obugazi busobola okukolagana okuva mu n'obugimu. Ekiragiro ekitongole ekikolebwa mu ngeri eyo kiva mu N'enzikirala ne mu [FLT]'e 'FLT'''''.[FLTY'.] Active-ctl: [FLY'octive]

Obufumbo Obunywevu

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ebitongole ebikola ku by'obulimi, ebifo byabyo, ne TGO byeyongerayo okukola n'enkola za gavumenti mu kukuuma n'okuteekamu ebintu ebikulu. WATERSMPART[ okuva ku Bureaument of Reclassition mwe muli ebiteerekezo ebitwala ssente okugatta obukulembedde. [FLT:] Ekitongole eky'omulembereza kiragiramu enkola y'ekitongole ky'ekitongole kya CPUPU] n'eky'okuteekamu amateeka agatali gamu. Ekitongole ekyo kitegekebwa mu ggwanga, ebiva mu mawanga, ebiva mu magye, ne mu magye. [[FLT:][4] Ekitongole eky'omutiibwa eky'omu n'ekitongole ekitongole ekigobeegattiddwa mu ggwanga.

fundikira

Ebitongole ebikola ku nnyanja ebikola ku by'obutujju birina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'amaanyi mu kussaawo enkola y'amazzi mu Amerika. Okuva ku mpagi za EPA okutuuka ku madamu g'obunene n'obusobozi bwa USGS, buli kitongole kiyamba mu kukozesa obukugu n'obuyinza. Wadde kiri kityo, obutongole obwawula obuvunaanyizibwa bw'amazzi obuva mu kabenje ak'omu byafaayo, amateeka agaterekebwa, n'okwesambattukiramu eby'obufuzi ebitakkirizibwa; biteekwa okukolerwa wamu okuyitira mu nkiiko enjawukana, data, n'obukulembeze.

Obuzibu obuliwo kwe kukyusa enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde, engeri ez'enjawulo abantu gye bakozesaamu amazzi, okubeeyisa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, era n'okuleetawo enkulaakulana mu bya tekinologiya. Naye okuteekawo enkola egoolekawo n'okukusobozesa okutereeza enkola y'okuteeka mu nkola z'amazzi. Okugateeka mu nkola ntegeka y'enkola y'emu, okumanyisa n'okunyweza enkola y'obudde, n'okunyweza enkolagana wakati w'ebitonde n'ebika, n'ebika, n'ebitongole ebikola ku b'obutebenkenkevu, n'ebitongole ebikola ku nsonga ezikwata ku mazzi, ne ku nteekateeka za gavumenti z'ensi, ne ku nteekateeka za gavumenti, ne ku nkola y'okuteeka mu nkola y'okutegekanyaawumba mu n'amazzi. Okuddukanyanyanya kw'okusobozesa ebizibya k'ensi ya Amerika okusobozesa ebizibya k'ensi eno, n'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'eyobuddebuddebuddebuddebuddebut'enkola y'enkola y'eyo.

Okusobola okweyongera okusoma: Ekiragiro 'EPA'' Kikongojja ky'amazzi[, 'S''''''''''''ebitundu eby'eby'obugagga eby'omu nnyanja [, ne NAMBA’OLYA] pulogulamu ey'ekikongojjeemu ey'ekika kya soketi [[[FLT:]]] [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]]] Kino kitegeeza nti omulimu gw'okutegeka ebikolebwako mu mazzi ebireetebwa akawulu. Era kitegeeza nti ekitongole ekitegeka ebya Kkongojjedwa mu mulimu ekitegeka ebikomenti ekikolebwa mu mulimu omulimu gwa ']