Olukumbo lwa Good Lwokubiri, olumanyiddwa nga Adrect, lwe lumu ku ndagaano y'emirembe mu Belfast. Yayisibwa nga 10 Apuli 1998, era yakomya akanyoolagano ak'eby'obufuzi ak'amaanyi akaasatu akaafiiramu abantu 3,500. Ng'oggyeko ekiruubirirwa kyago eky'okukuuma emirembe, endagaano eno yateekawo amateeka agategekebwa okufuga ekika kya mateeka ekiba kitegekebwa mu mutima gwa Northern Ireland: Ekitundu ekyo kabeere nga kisigala kitundu kya United Kingdom oba nga kiri mu Ireland. Ekitundu kino kibadde kitwaliddwamu enkola y'okunoonyereza ku nsalo — enteko eyinza okusalawo ku lukalala lw'amateeka olunaago mu biseera eby'omu maaso mu Ireland. Okutegeera engeri oluvanyuma lw'okujjo olusooka gye luyinza okugobeemu ebibuuzo ebikulu mu ku ku kugoberera empaka za Ireland.

Ebiri mu Byafaayo: Okuva mu Bizibu Okutuuka ku Tabbiiti

Okusobola okutegeera obukulu bw'enteekateeka y'ekitongole ekikola ku nsalo, enzivuunula y'ekigo enzivuunula, kyetaagisa okutegeera okusoomooza okwakolebwa okusobola okugonjoolwa. Ebizibu ebyatandika mu myaka gya 1960, byali byasimba amakanda mu bantu. Ku luuyi lumu, abaprotestanti n'abantu abeesigwa mu ggwanga baalangirira nga Bungereza era nga baagala Northern Ireland okubeera ekitundu ky'Obwakabaka. Ku luuyi olulala, Abakatuliki n'abantu ab'eggwanga lyonna ab'omu Ireland baanoonyezebwa nga Irland era nga baagala ennyo emirembe egy'obumu.

Emboozi ezaasooka mu mwaka gwa 1990 we zaatandikira, emboozi ezaali zigobererwa abantu nga banyumya era n'okutandika okukola enteekateeka ez'okuteekawo ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti. Mu kitongole kya Dowing Street Deramyart Street Declaration ekya 1993, Tsaawork Documents ekya 1995, era ne amagye galekerawo omuliro mu 1994 ne 1997, byayamba okuleetawo eb'enkaalo. Discrective Union Dimocratic and Labourt Party, ezaali zikulemberwa Ianley, zaasooka zaawakanya endagaano y'obufuzi ne gavumenti z'omu Northern Ireland, nga mw'otwalidde ne Sinn Féin, Ulster Union, Social Democratic and Labour Par Party, era ne Kirty.

Okukkiriziganya okujjawo mu kuteesa kw'obufuzi bwa gavumenti kwali kukontana ku nsonga ezimu ezikwata ku bufuzi.Ekibuuzo ekyo tekyagonjoolera ddala mu mateeka. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, kyakkirizibwa nti enjawukana ku ky'eggwanga yali ya maanyi nnyo ne kiba nti akalulu k'eggwanga tekasobola kugonjoolebwa. Ekimu ku ebyo bye yali asuubira kwe kukkiriza — omukago ogw'okusigala mu UK n'ow'eggwanga okusobola okugonjoola ensonga eyo.

Ekizingirwa mu Kukkiriza: Etteeka erikwata ku Kukkiriza

Ku mukutu gwa kizimbe ekitongole ekikola ku ntegeka y'eggwanga ekkirizibwa. Omusingi guno gugamba nti etteeka eryali libafuga mu Northern Ireland liyinza okukyukako oluvannyuma lw'okukkirizibwa kw'abantu baalyo abangi. Endagaano eyo egamba nti Northern Ireland kitundu kya United Kingdom, naye era ekkiriza nti ab'eggwanga bannaalyo bakkirizibwa okulaba Ireland nga erimu obumu. Ekiragiro kino kisomebwa abantu b'ekizinga kya Ireland nga bakkiriziganya nga ebitundu by'ebitundu byo ebibiri ebibali kungulu era nga tewali kiremesezza, nga basinziira ku ddembe lyabwe ery'okwesalirawo, era nga bwe liteekeddwawo mu buwagizigi, era nga likkirizibwa, era nga likkirizibwa, era nga waggulu, okuleeta obumu mu Ireland bwe kiba nga baagala okukola ekyo."""

Okutandikawo kino kwaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka z'ensi yonna. Kwasobozesa abagattiddwa okukkiriza ebigambo ebyo kubanga baategeera ekifo kya Northern Ireland mu UK okuggyako nga ate ne balonda abalala. Gavumenti za ggwanga okukkiriza kubanga zaakakasa omusingi gwa Irish okwegatta era ne gukola enkola esobozesa okugatta abantu. Omusingi ogw'okukkiriza gwakkirizibwa gwa Bungereza gwateekebwa mu mateeka okuyitira mu Northern Ireland Act 1998, ogwafuukira Gavumenti y'e Ireland mu 1920 era ne gukakasa nti Northern Ireland esigalako ekitundu kya UK nga tewaguddewo ku nsaze.

Omusingi ogw'okukkiriza era gukwata ne ku Republic of Ireland. Mu ndagaano eyo, tteeka eryali mu Ireland lyalongoosebwa ne liggyawo ettuuti ly'ebitundu ebyali biwanyisiddwa mu Northern Ireland era ne lidda mu kifo kyalyo nga ligamba nti abantu abasinga obungi mu nsi ezo zombi bakkirizibwa okuzigatta. Enteekateeka eno ey'okuzzaawo tteeka lya Irland ereetewo obukyayi n'esobozesa okukolagana obulungi mu mambuka g'obukiika kkono ne mu bukiikaddkono.

Okubonaabona Okuli mu Nsalo: Wansi w’Omukago wa Ireland mu 1998

Okunoonyereza okukoleddwa ku nsalo, okwogerwako nga "Bakko ku mateeka ga Northern Ireland", kwe nkola abantu mu Northern Ireland gye basobola okusalawo okusigala mu UK oba okwegatta ku Ireland ekiri obumu. Enteekateeka ez'okunoonyereza ng'okwo zikolebwa mu kakiiko akayitibwa Northern Ireland Act 1998, akatuukiriza etteeka eriyitibwa Good Oprenday Account mu mateeka ga UK.

Akabi: Ani Asalawo Ebiseera Bye Wandikozesezza ng’Okola Ekintu Ekimu?

Ekitundu 1 ku mukolo gw'obukiika kkono wa Ireland mu 1998, Ssaabawandiisi w'eggwanga mu Northern Ireland ayinza okulagira abalaguzi "oba nga yeeyoleka nti okulonda okwo kuyinza okulagira nti abantu abasinga obungi mu Northern Ireland balekere awo okuba ekitundu ky'Obwakabaka mu United Kingdom era babe ekitundu kya Ireland ekiri obumu." Kino kitegeeza nti waliwo omusango gw'ebyobufuzi, so si bukakafu obw'amaanyi. Ssaabawandiisi w'ensi w'ebitundu alina okunoonyereza obanga waliwo obukakafu obwamala — okusinziira ku ndowooza z'okulonda obululu oba ebyo ebivudde mu ku by'obufuzi — ebivudde mu ku kunoonyereza oba ebyo ebikoleddwa mu ku nkola mu ku nkola y'okulonda.

Era endagaano eyo egamba nti okunoonyereza kulina okukolebwa "oba nga ekiseera kyonna wabaawo okunoonyereza ku nsalo ya mulembe singa kirabika eri Ssaabaza w'ensi eyo nti abasinga obungi mu Northern Ireland baagala okuva mu Bungereza." Ekiragiro kino kikyusaamu mu bugenderevu, ne kiwa muwandiisi w'eggwanga amagezi okukuba akalango mu mbeera ekyetaagisa. Naye, tewali kisaanyizo kya bantu kuteeka k'awundiikika ku kiwandiiko eky'essaala oba eky'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi okusobola okunoonyereza. Ekiragiro kisalawo ku muwandiisi w'eggwanga, nga kituukiriza ekyo kye basala nga basinziira ku buwo.

Obungi bw’Obubi

Ekiragiro ekikola ku nsalo eya Bowaze tekiraga ddi olusooka lw'obanga wakati w'okunoonyereza okutali kwa maanyi wakati w'ensalo. Kyokka, akabonero aka Northern Ireland Act 1998 kalagira nti obutanoonyereza kuyinza kubaawo wakati w'emyaka musanvu n'okunoonyereza okwasooka. Enteekateeka eno egendererwa okuziyiza okukuba escale sendiums. Singa ensalo ezisalibwa ku nsalo zibeera mu UK, ekibuuzo tekiyinza kuddibwako waakiri emyaka musanvu. Ekiragiro kye kimu bwe kiba nga okunoonyereza kuvudde mu ku kulonda, wadde ekiseera eky'okukyusaamu kiyinza okuba nga kisukka emyaka musanvu.

Ekibuuzo n’Eky’Okusalawo

Ebigambo ebituufu eby'ebibuuzo ebinaabuuzibwa mu kunoonyereza ku nsalo byandigobwawo omuwabuzi w'ensi mu kiseera ekyo. mu byafaayo, ekibuuzo kino kyabuuzibwa bombi: abavvuunula oba nga baagala Northern Ireland okubeera ekitundu kya South Kingdom oba okubeera mu Ireland ekiri obumu. Olubalama lw'ensalo mu Nkiika Nkiikakkono wa Ireland era nga waliwo okukuba akalulu ku ggwanga lya Northern Ireland: kulimu Bungereza zonna, Irish, ne Connex abatuuze b'eggwanga ababeera mu Northern Ireland, nga ba myaka 18 oba n'okusingawo. Mu butuufu, abantu abazaalibwa mu Ireland ow'obukiikakkono, abali mu bitundu ebirala abatakkirizibwa kulondamu, nga bakuba kalulu wa gavumenti endala mu Northern Ireland.

Engeri Enkyukakyuka gye Ziyinza Okusaasaanamu

Ekitongole ekikola ku bulungi olw'okutaano tekikyogera ku lunakusooka. Ekiragiro kino, nga 50 ku kikumi ate n'ekimu ku buli kikumi, kiba kimala okuzuula ekirina okumalirira. Kino kiba kikulu nnyo. Obutafaananako g'aw'amawanga amalala, agamu ku ttikiti zino, nga zino zeetaagisa abalonde abawerako emirundi esatu esatu oba abasinga obungi, okunoonyereza okukoleddwa ku nsalo mu Northern Ireland, kuyinza okusalibwawo abantu abatonotono abalonde. Okugoba okwo kuba kwa maanyi.

[[Act:0][[FLT'] Ku bikwata ku mpandika eya bulijjo ey'empandika eya bulijjo empandika eya , laba era n'empandika ey'empandika enjjuvu ey'ebiragiro ebikolebwako mu Northern Ireland Act 1998, laba .gov.uk[

Okukaayana mu Irlands: Enkaayana ez’Okulekayo n’Ezaavaamu

Ekibuuzo ekikwata ku kugatta awamu abantu mu Ireland kye kimu ku bintu ebyatawaanyizibwa ennyo mu by’obufuzi obwa Bungereza n'obw’omu Ireland, era nga kiwa obukakafu nti ekyo tekiyinza kuvaamu, naye kiba kiwa demokulase okusobola okusalawo ku nsonga eyo.

Obutakkaanya Bwatandika

Abawagira enkola emu ey'ekizinga mu Ireland baleetawo obukuubagano obutali bumu. Ekisooka, bagamba nti okugattika awamu kusobola okumaliriza omulimu n'okumalirizisa ku ggwanga okwatandikira ku Lwayiriti mu 1922. Bakitwala nti ekizinga ekyo kye kiwayirizi ekikisse nga kyeyawulamu ekimenyamenyamu obukuubagano. Mu ndowooza eno, Ireland egattiddwamu esobola okutandikawo eggwanga eririna obwetwaze eriwaanaanaanaalyo erisifu era eriwa ekifaananyi ekyo.

Ekyokubiri, abawagizi bagamba nti singa Ireland ebaamu enkola emu ey'okusasula omusolo, okutunda ebintu mu nsi endala, okugonza obukkusito, n'okuleetawo ebbula ly'eby'enfuna, kiba kya magezi okugattika obumu ku bantu mu kiseera ekiwanvu, wadde nga okusaasaana kw'eby'enfuna kuba kwa maanyi. emirundi mingi kiwa obukakafu nti embeera y'eby'enfuna esobola okuba ennungi mu nsi yonna.

Ekyokusatu, abawagizi bakirabye nti okubala abantu mu Northern Ireland okwakolebwa mu 2021 kwalaga nti omuwendo gw'Abakatuliki abagoberera obusosoze mu byafaayo, gweyongera ne gutuuka ku 45.7 ku buli kikumi, ate ng’abantu Abapolotesitante bafeebedde ne 43.5 ku buli kikumi.

Enkaayana Ezikontana

Abaziyiza okugattika baleetawo ensonga enkulu. Abo abatwala obutuuze bw'ekika kya Bumeedi beetwala okuba Bungereza era baagala okusigala mu United Kingdom, nga bali mu bibiina byayo, obulombolombo n'obubonero. Essuubi ery'okuwalirizibwa okuyingira mu Ireland gye bali obumu nga batayagala kugattika bannaabwe kkalubyanyo. Abawagizi ba gavumenti batera kulaga musingi ogugamba nti, Beell Wearver Auvement gujja kussibwamu ekitiibwa.

Ku nsonga z'eby'enfuna, abamu bagamba nti embalirira y'eby'enfuna tesobola kusobozesa Ireland kuvaamu ssente. Amawanga mangi gava mu makampuni agava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Mu Northern Ireland, gavumenti y'Amerika eggyamu ssente ezisukka mu $10-obuwumbi 12 buli mwaka ku doola ezibali ku kikumi buli mwaka. Emirimu gy'eby'obulamu, obuyigirize, n'obutebenkevu mu Northern Ireland, nga bino bye biwandikidde mu mitendera gya UK, egisinga egyo mu ggwanga. Ucroamss rowing'owation by'ensi eno biba byetaaga okuteekebwako omusolo oba okusasukkulu.

Okufuga y'ensonga endala ereetera abantu okunenyezebwa. Republic of Ireland erina enkola y'ebyobufuzi ey'ekika ekimu, ekkanisa ey'amaanyi, era ne ssemateeka omuwandiike. Mu Northern Ireland mulimu enkola egobererwa okugonjoola enjawukana mu bantu. Okukyusiza sistemu ezo zombi mu mateeka era ne mu by'obufuzi, ebibuuzo ebikwata ku kifo ky'Olulwanyirizi, ennyimirira y'obupolotesitanti mu Ireland nga eri obumu, era n'enkolagana ne Bulaaya kiwandikiro kiyinza okugobererwa.

Ekifo ky’Okusooka Ekiba mu Kuteesaako

Ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo mu Northern Ireland, kye kiba kisalawo nti mu biseera eby'omu maaso abantu ba bulijjo batandika okukolagana bulungi ne bannabyabufuzi oba amagye.

Endowooza Enkyamu Ekwata ku Mugga Ogutakkirizibwa

Obumu mu United Kingdom bwe buvudde ku Bukristaayo obw'omukika kya Bulaaya bwakyusizza nnyo embeera mu kunoonyereza n'okugatta awamu ennyiriri gye bibeera. Mu Northern Ireland mubaamu okulonda 55.8 ku kikumi okutuuka ku 44.2 ku buli kikumi okusigala mu 2016 mu Union demokulase, ekiviiriddeko okukankana okw'amaanyi n'enkola ya demokulase ne UK mu nsi yonna. Kino kinywezezza nnyo ekiviiriddeko okugattika obumu mu ggwanga, era nga bagamba nti essaawunzikanya ne EUU esobola okubeera ey'omuganyulo mu by'enfuna era nti n'obuwayungi bw'ensi eno esobola okubeerako n'ebigendererwa bya Ireland, nga y'omuteebutundu ekimu eky'omu EU.

Mu mateeka ga Ireland ow'omu bukiika kkono ne mu nnyanja za Ireland, baateekawo ensalo empya ez'obusuubuzi n'enkola enkadde mu Nnyanja ya Irish, era ekyo kyayawukanya Northern Ireland ne Great Britain ku buwagizi. Kino kyasobozesa obuwagizi obutava ku nkyukakyuka z'eby'enfuna era ne kireetedde abamu okubuusabuusa omuwendo gw'okusigala mu UK. Ekika kya Democratic Unionism Consert ekikaanyi kya Burquit mu Nkiikakkono Ireland, ekyaleetawo enkaayano mu bukaalwano ku mateeka ga Burtikkkkko n'enkola enjawukana ezireeteetwaze za Breetiessssssssssssssssssssssssss ar Seant Agreert.

Mu kiseera kye kimu, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu puligation kwalaga nti abantu abasinga obungi mu Northern Ireland — nga wakati w'emyaka 55 ne 60 ku buli kikumi — bawagira UK okugatta awamu bali wakati wa 35 ne 40 ku kikumi. Kyokka, omuwaatwa guno gubadde guwagirwa kuva 2016, naddala abavvuzi abato. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti abo abali wakati w'emyaka 18 ne 34 basobola nnyo okuwagira okwetaba okusinga abantu abakaddiye, nga kiraga nti omulembe ogwo guyinza okugusobozesa okugufuna mu by'obufuzi.

[[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Empandika ey'ekika kino eba tegeeza: Okumanya ebisingawo ebikwata ku ngeri enjawulo gye kirina okukolebwamu, laba obulamu ne Times Survey.]

Ebizibu n’Endowooza Enkyamu ku Nsi

Ne bwe kiba nti okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku nsalo nsalo kwaleetawo obumu, enkyukakyuka eyo yandibadde emu ku ngeri ezikyasinze okuba enzibu mu byafaayo bya Bulaaya.

Ekiseera Kikyuka

Abeekenneenya abamu bagamba nti wajja kubaawo enkyukakyuka ez'ekiseera wakati w'emyaka etaano n'ekkumi, nga mu kiseera ekyo enteekateeka y'eby'enfuna n'enteekateeka ez'okuteesa awamu eza Ireland egenda okuyisibwa mu mateeka, nga mu Bugirimaani, oba Czechoslovakia, eraga nti enkola eyo tetera kutwalibwa mangu naddala singa alipoota ebaawo ku lwa Lwokutaano okutuuka ku lulala.

Ebibuuzo Ebikwata ku Mateeka n’Eby’Eby’Amateeka

Ireland nga kyetaagisibwa, kiba kikwetaagisa okussaawo ssemateeka omuggya oba okutereeza ennyo tteeka eririwo mu Ireland. Ebibuuzo ebikwata ku ntebe ya dayimooni, enfuga y'amateeka, n'essente, byandigonjodde. Republic of Ireland eno ekozesa euro; Northern Ireland ekozesa obunene bwa kkooti. Irlande nga egassenti y'esobola okukozesa euro, okuba n'ebiruubirirwa ebituufu oba okukola essente empya. Buli tteeka lirina akakwate n'eby'eby'eby'enfuna.

Okuba Omutuuze n’Okubeera Omutuuze

Ekiragiro Akivumenti enzijuvu ey'oku Lwokubiri etegeera eddembe ly'abantu abazaalibwa mu Northern Ireland okubeera n'obutuuze bwa Bungereza, Irland, oba bwonna obw'omu nsi zombi. Obusika buno bulabika bweyongera mu Ireland nga kiri bumu naye obutuuze obwa Bungereza obwa bulijjo mu ggwanga eryandibadde teririna kakwate k'ekibiina kya UK era nga bulina okukolebwako obukusigibwa ennyo.

Ekifo ky’Akakiiko Akakola Omukago

Oboolyawo obuzibu obusingawo kwe kukakasa nti abagatta awamu abawakanya amadiini basobola okubeera n'obutebenkevu mu Ireland. Ekiruubirirwa ky'okugobererwa ku lwakutaano olw'okussa ekitiibwa mu bantu n'olw'okuwa ekitiibwa. Abagatte abamu bawa amagezi nti, abantu abali obumu mu Ireland beetaaga okuba obumu ne basobola okuba n'obukuumi obw'amaanyi mu Bungereza, nga mw'otwalidde n'obutuuti obuwagizi mu lukiiko lw'amateeka, enzijanjaba z'ebiro ebimu, era n'okumanyibwa obuwangwa bwa Bungereza. Obukuumi ng'obwo buba busobola okukkirizibwa mu by'obufuzi oba obutuufu.

Okusuubiza Okulungi Olwa Lwokutaano

Waakayita emyaka egisukka mu abiri oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku nnukuta, ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa Good Frive Agreement kikyali ekiwandiiko eky'okusigisaamu emitindo gy'eby'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland. Ekitongole kino kibaddewo mu biseera eby'eby'obufuzi ebikoseddwa, eby'ettemu, era nga n'entalo ez'amaanyi ezikoleddwa ku nsalo z'ensalo tezigezesebwako.

Omuntu bw'akkiriza nti okugattika tekukaka bantu kusalawo. Ekibuuzo kino kikkirizibwa nti tteeka erya tteeka lireetawo enjawukana mu butonde era teriyinza kugonjoolwa. Mu kifo kya tteeka eryo, kitandikawo enkola eya demokulase, ey'emirembe mu nsi yonna esobozesa omuntu okusalawo ebinaabaawo mu kiseera ekituufu. Kissa essira ku ky'okuba nti abantu bonna basigala mu UK ne mu ggwanga eririna endowooza ey'okusigala mu Ireland nga bali bumu, era kisobozesa abantu okukola enkyukakyuka ez'ekimu.

Mu kiseera kino, endagaano eno ekyakola enteekateeka ez'okufuga mu Northern Ireland. Ekiragiro ky'obufuzi era n'olukuŋŋaana olunene, olukiiko lw'abaweereza mu bukiika kkono n'olw'obukiika ddyo obwa Bungereza, byonna bikolera wansi w'obuyinza bwabyo. Ebibiina bino si bya butuukirivu era bifunye ebizibu bingi naye bye byokka ebiyinza okukozesebwa mu kufuga ekibiina ekijjudde enjawukana.

[[Act:0] 'Empandika ennyunzi ey'ekika kya [[FOLT:1]] Ekiwandiiko eky'ekirabo eky'oku Lwokubiri kisangibwa mu awayingizibwa awa bulijjo awandibadde omukutu gwa gavumenti [[FLT]]

Okwo Kufundikira: Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Enkomerero

Ekiragiro Good Agreement ku Lwokubiri bwe kiba kya kunoonyereza n'okugatta awamu ensalo eza Irland, kyeyoleka nti tekiriiko kakwate kokka ka mateeka era nga gagoberera emisingi gya ddoomu. Kikkiriza nti mu biseera eby'omu maaso, abantu be be baba basazeewo mu Northern Ireland era nti enkola ya demokulase okusobola okusalawo ku nsonga eyo. Tekiri nti ebinaavaamu bivuddemu; kireetawo embeera mwe kiyinza okusobozesa okusalawo mu ngeri ey'emirembe.

Bwe kiba nti okunoonyereza kunnannamba kujja kubaawo mu myaka egijja tekiyinzika okulagula obulungi. Ebirowoozo ebyava mu nkola ya Bremographic, n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu bavubuka abalonda, byonna biba byeyoleka ku bikwata ku tteeka lya mateeka ery'okuvuganya. Naye bangi ku abo abagatta awamu si wala nnyo, era okusoomooza okw'amaanyi okubaawo nga enkyukakyuka ng'eyo kuba kwa maanyi. Eky'ennamba eyo kweyoleka bulungi nti singa era singa okunoonyereza ku nsalo ku nsalo kwa nsalo kuyita, Good Frice Aunt kujja mu ngeri y'okukakasa nti enteekateeka eno y'enkola ya demokulaseera, ey'emirembe, era ey'ensonga.

Omuntu yenna ayagala okumanya ebinaabaawo mu Northern Ireland — ka kibe nga yalonda, akwata amateeka, oba nga mutunuulizi — ateekwa okuba nga yatandikira ku ndagaano eyitibwa Good Olwekutaano.