Okutandika: Ekifo Ekisookerwako eky’Obutannakkiriza Mulimu Okunywerera ku Mateeka

Enjigiriza eyo y'edda ennyo mu mateeka ga Amerika, naddala mu ngeri y'okutaputamu amateeka ga Amereka. Enjigiriza eyo enkulu egamba nti, Amateeka galina okutaputibwa okusinziira ku makulu gaago mu kiseera we gaafunibwa.[1] Enterekero y'ekitongole ekyasooka etegeerekeka mu mirembe egya bulijjo. Abakkirizi bagamba nti enkola eno esobozesa amateeka okugobererwa omusingi omunywevu, n'okutemebwawo mu mateeka, era n'eziyiza ekiwandiiko ekyo okukyusibwa n'enkyukakyuka n'enkula y'empewo eya bannabyabufuzi. Amateeka tegakkiriza kutwalibwa ng'obulungi; tegaleetera bukakafu kukwata ku mateeka, era n'okwesiga abantu okwesiga enteekateeka z'amateeka.

Ekitundu kino kiraga engeri enkola eyo gye yayambamu abantu okumanya amateeka agaasooka n’okugatandikawo nga twekenneenya ebiwandiiko eby’ebyafaayo, ensonga enkulu ezikwata ku kkooti enkulu, n’ebibuuzo ebibaawo mu kiseera kyaffe, tujja kulaba ensonga lwaki enkola eyo esobola okukuuma emirembe.

Emisingi egy’Okusooka

Ekiragiro kino kigoberera emisingi egitali gimu egiwa obulagirizi ku ngeri gye kikozesaamu enkola eyo. Ekisooka, kiggumiza amakulu g'ekiwandikiro [ ag'omu kiwandike ekya external ] mu mpandika eya pulogulamu systment]. Amakulu gagamba nti omuntu omutegeevu mu kiseera eky'okukmanya. Enkola eno yeesigama nnyo ku bintu eby'edda gamba nga Féderalist Papers[[, empandika eza Convention, state, state, ne 'heridictionationstion'. Eyokubiri, ennyinyonnyonnyonnyonnyole wakati w'okunnyonnyola n'okuzimba. Ate era n'okuzibya ebikozesebwa mu kutegeera amakulu g'ebya bya nnyiriri ebyasooka, bikwatagana n'okujjuzaamu, nga ku nsonga enkulu eya bulijjo.

Emisingi gino giyamba okuzuula engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okunnyonnyola enkola z'eby'ebyafaayo. Abalamuzi bwe banoonya eby'edda nga bulijjo, ebiva mu kunoonyereza okwo bifuuka kye kimu. [FLT]][FLT][[.FLT:2]] [2008], kkooti enkulu yayamba nnyo mu kunnyonnyola engeri y'okunnyonnyola enkyusa ey'okubiri, nga yeekenneenya okutegeera okw'empandika ey'ekkumi n'okusatu ey'okulwanyisa emmu. Ekiragiro kyateekawo omutindo ogukulaakulaanyizza ku nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe erinaago, nga zigenda zigenda zitereezebwa eriwo, nga zigenda zigenda zikendeezebwa eri abatuuze.

Emirandira gy’Ebyafaayo n’Egy’Eby’Okuyiga

Enjigiriza z'enzikiriza eyo zaava dda ku ntandikwa y'omwaka ogwasookera ddala. James Madison, mu Faterast No. 37, yalabula nti amakulu g'amateeka gateekwa okusendebwawo okwewala “ebigattiddwa eby'enkulu ebisikiriza." Oluvannyuma, Omulamuzi Antonin Scalia, omuwagizi omukulu ow'omulembe guno, yakiwagira nti engeri yokka ey'okutaputa okutuusa ku ntandikwa y'ekika kya demokulase. Yayogera nti, “Ekiwandiiko kya Constitution si kiramu, kiralafu." Kino kikontana ne “bunnateeka ku nsonga ezikola ku nsonga eyo, era ennukuta eyo esobozesa amakulu okumanyibwa mu bantu okumanyibwa.

Enjigiriza y'okutandikira ku njigiriza z'Ekihangalaze yazzibwawo mu myaka gya 1980 ne 1990, nga zikwataganyizibwa n'abantu abalinga Robert Bork ne Federalist Society. Leero, enkola z'obukodyo ziyigirizibwa mu masomero g'amateeka era zigobererwa abalamuzi ab'omu bitundu ebirala eby'enjigiriza ez'enjawulo, wadde nga zigobererwa mu ngeri ezitali zimu nga “ekigendererwa eky'olubereberye” vs." Obukulu obwo busobozesa abantu okumanyibwa obulungi.” Obukugukugu busobozesa okuteekawo enteekateeka eziyinza okukubaganyizibwako era n'okulongoosa mu biseera.

Engeri Okutandikira Awamu Etteeka Ery’Olutandikwa Gye Kireetera Obunywevu

Okunywerera ku mateeka kiva ku kuba nti omuntu ategeera bulungi ebiri mu mateeka.

Emitindo Egitegeerekeka Obulungi era Egiteetaagisa Okugitegeera

Abalamuzi bwe banywerera ku makulu g'ekiwandiikizo ekyasooka, beesiga ebigambo ebitegeeza: okutegeera okw'edda ku bigambo bino. Kino kikendeeza ku magezi agayinza okuviirako okussaawo amateeka agakontana. Commerce Claus[ (Ekiwandiiko, Ekyokubiri 8 Claus 3) kibadde ekifo eky'olutalo olwa gavumenti enfunze. Abalamuzi ab'enkyusa ez'edda batunuulira okutegeera okw'ennaku ez'okutandikawo obwa “bugagga mu bitundu ebiwera".[1] [-Calmerce] Kino kitegeeza okutunda, so si kukola oba okulima. [[FLT:][FLT]][FFFFFFF:3]] mu ngeri eyo. . . . Ekiragiro ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekiggumiddwawo mu n'omutikko kya Kkookolopet] (195:5], [95], ekikkoose Kkolumpty], oluko oluko olumu olukongo olwo lwa Gunvumbo lwako, olusooka, olumu

Okukendeeza ku Kkubo ly’Okusalira Abalala Omusango

Enzivuunula efuga abalamuzi obutagezaako kunoonyereza ebiba biyagaliddwa mu mateeka okuzza n'ennyinnyonnyola eya ggygygydral. Ekiragiro kino kikendeeza ku kusalawo okukolebwa okusobola okutuuka ku bujulizi obw'empandika. Kino kikendeeza ku kusalawo okugonjola oba okuteekawo eddembe eppya nga tewali lukusa. Ekyokulabirako eky'entegekebwa kiri [[FLT]] [[FLT]][12] [12][FLT]], abanoonyereza ku nsonga ezisooka kye bavumirira olw'obutamanya amakulu gaasooka ag'ekigerekeebuzi. Abasosootootooto abassooze ku nsonga za demokula, baddoola amateeka agas'okuggyamu okuzza mu mateeka, ne mu ngeri y'enjawulo. Ate era ne mu kugikomyawo, okumanyisat'ensonga empya, ekitongole ekiwayungi ekibadde kizza enneromenti ekippya.[5]

Abantu n’Emizaalo Bitasuubirwa

Ekiragiro kino kikkiriza abatuuze, bizineesi, ne gavumenti okwetegekera embeera zaabwe. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ennyinnyonnyola ez'edda ez'oku ziwa erinnya Claus[ [[FLT]] [[2005]], ennukuta enkulu ey'ekika kya “masaza" n'eky'enkola ya bantu bonna.” [FLT][3][3] Akabonero k'eby'enfuna bya New London [2005], Kkooti n'ensonga z'eby'ebyenfuna ebyalide okusobozesa okuteeka mu nkola enzikkiriza obutuufu mu ku ntegeka y'ebifo ebya bulijjo. Omulamuzi Thomas yagamba nti okutandikawo “okukozesebwa okw'eggwanga oba okukozesebwa kwa gavumenti. Ekibuga kya New London London London ekya [2005], kissa essira ku n'okukyungibwa kw'amateeka agafuga ebitongole ebivanyusikiririmu, ebiva mu mateeka ebivanyuma okuzza envanyuma okuzza mu mateeka ebi

Okugattika Amateeka ku Buwanguzi ku Buwanguzi bw’Emisango

Enjigiriza ey'okusinzira ku nkola y'Akatundu V ng'eraga engeri entuufu ey'okukyusaamu amateeka. Abantu bwe bakyusa projects, Constitution eneetandika kulongoosebwa mu nkola ya demokulase ey'okukyusaamu, so si nga basalawo eky'okunnyonnyola. Kino kikuuma ekifo kya Constitution gye kiri ng'omusingi ogwaddawo. Omukono gwa Scott. [[FLT:][5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5], ekibagamba nti abantu ba Afirika tebaali bannaa mu nsi eyo. Enkyunzi kitereeza engeri y'okulagamu oluvanyuma lw'okulaga obutuufu.[FT][5][5][5], ekiba kirengo mu ngeri y'okutereezaamu enfunze mu ngeri y'enkyukakyuka mu ky'enkyukakyuka y'enkyukakyuka eyo.[5][5][5][5][5][3]

Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kugoberera Amateeka g’Eddiini

Emiganyulo egiri mu kutandika n’okugoberera enkola ya demokulase tegikoma ku kuteebereza buteebereza buteebereza buteebereza, wabula giyongera ku kuba nti Amateeka gafuga n’okuba nti agafuga mu ngeri esaanira.

  • [[Act:0] Kino kisobozesa okussa ekitiibwa mu lukalala ng'ekiwandiiko eky'omusingi. Ekiragiro bwe kiba kitwalibwa nga kitegeeza amateeka agafuga enninga, nga gatwalibwa ng'amateeka aga bulijjo. Okussa ekitiibwa mu mateeka kiganywererako.
  • [[Act:0]] Ebiwandiiko ebimanyi ebiva mu biyingizibwa n'ebiva mu mateeka. Abantu kinnoomu basobola okukebera amateeka n'ebiruubirirwa byabwe nga basinziira ku byafaayo. Kino kikendeeza ku kubuusabuusa n'okubuusabuusa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] ke kasobozesa ekiragiro okumanyisa obujulizi mu ngeri gye kamanyibwamu. nga kisobozesa abalamuzi obutasoma mu byawandiikibwa byabwe. Kino kikuuma obuwanguzi obw'enjawulo.
  • Enkyukakyuka enkulu zikolebwa mu demokulase.[[NKULA] Okusobola okukola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, kyetaagisa okukyusiza ddala ku nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi nga wazzewo enzivuunula ya demokulase so si nga abalamuzi bataano bwe bakkiriziganyizza ku ngeri gye batwalamu gavumenti ey'omu nfuga.
  • [[ALL] Kino kitegeka nti bwe kiba kiragiddwa mu ngeri nti enkalala y'amateeka agafuga en'amateeka, kibayamba abo abagoberera enkola eyo.[[AKML:1] Bwe kiba nti kkooti zigoberera emitindo egyasooka, ebizingirwamu mu nkola n'ebitundu ebizingirwamu, oba nga zimanyi enzijjuvu, oba nga zisobola okulagira ddala amateeka we gandivudde. Kino kikubiriza abo okukolaganira awamu n'okulongoosa mu nsonga eyo.

Obunywevu olw’Ebyasooka Okubaawo: Enjigiriza y’Obulimba n’Ennyeenye

Endowooza enkyamu etera okulondoola enkola esooka. Abakugu bangi mu kutondebwa bakkiriza enjigiriza ya nga decis ng'amaanyi agaginyweza, wadde nga bayinza okuddamu okuzuula ebyokulabirako ebikontana n'amakulu ag'edda. Omulamuzi Scalialia walaga obwetaavu bw'obutebenkevu mu mateeka g'eby'obusuubuzi, ekifo nga ebiteesuubibwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu [FLT]][FLT]] Platectiveive v. Casey[FLT], Kko , Kkookeromenti [[FLT:], kye kimu ku nsonga ezisinga okukiikizibwa mu mateeka. Era, kye kimu ku nsonga zino, kiyinza okuggumiza ensonga ezo zonna ezibadde nga zigobeetaabonerezebwa. Era ne ku nsonga zino zombi ziggula nnyo. Kko emirundi ebituufu eby'okuteekawo mu ngeri eyo gye biteekwa okuzibya mu n'okukireetera okuzibya obutuufu oku

Okusoomooza n’Okuvumirira Enjigiriza z’Okutisiza Ddala

Wadde ng’ebiwandiiko ebyo birimu amaanyi, waliwo n’okusoomooza okutali kumu.

Ebizibu mu Kuteegera Amakulu Agasooka

Okusoma mu byafaayo tekirimu bukakafu. Ekiseera eky'okutandikawo kwalimu ebintu bingi era “amakulu g'entandikwa” gayinza okubuusibwabuusibwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Summendid [ impansa eziwawawawawawawawa obanga “agufuga ennyo obwannalukalala” buliko obuyinza obw'okutambula n'ebyuma. Abakuutifu bawakanya nti enkola eyo esobola okubeera enzigibwa mu byafaayo, abalamuzi gye balonda enkumbo eziwagira ebibakolako. Kyokka, bannasayansi batwala enkola eyo okuba nga bakozesa enfuze ez'ennimiza n'okuzibyanjula enzivuunuuka mu ku kusiikero. Obulungi obwo bw'obanga buyamba mu ku kunoonyereza n'okula n'okuzuula ebyafaayo.

Okubuusa Amaanyi Ebyetaago by’Edda

Okunoonyereza okutali kumu kuyinza okuleetera abantu okulowooza nti enkola eno si ya bwenkanya oba nti tekwatagana na mitindo gya kika kya leero. Ng'ekyokulabirako, abavvuunuzi ba Baibuli bannyonnyola 'Eququal Letvice Claus[ basoomoozese okukasa omulimu gwa k'okukaseera ku [FLT]]. Kkooti ezisinga obungi zesigamya ku makulu agasooka [[FLT:] okuzikobera mu langi ezitategeerekeka mu langi) okumenya eva mu langi. Abawakanya okukeeyisa obusosoze mu langi. Bawakanya okusosola okwo mu langi. [ [kaluubiromenti:5]] Kino kyenkanankanankanankana amateeka agava mu ku ku ku kufuga entegeka oba okunnyonnyola mu ngeri ey'amateeka.[5]

Enjigiriza n’Ekizibu eky’Ekkyukakyuka mu Biseera eby’Edda

Bannasayansi abamu bakkiriza nti amakulu g'olukalala lwa mateeka gayinza okukyuka ekiseera bwe kiyitawo nga “makulu g'enkola” gayimirizidwa mu kkooti nga ttono. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okuyitira mu nkola y'eby'obufuzi. Kino kiyinza okuleetawo obutategeeragana. Predentint'eddent y'amaanyi agaggyawo[[[ kye kimu ku bitundu amakulu agasooka we gayinza okukontana n'okutuukiriza ekiragiro ekimala ekiseera ekiwanvu. Omukulembeze wa Kkootikko ayinza okuwakanya obulagirowo [FLK:] ate ekirondebwawo K'okuteekawo amateeka aga '[FLT:][FFF][5][5][FFFFF][20][K][5][KFFFF]][5][K][5][K][K]

“ Omukono Ogutannakwatibwa" Kizibu

Abaziyiza era baleetawo “obuzibu obwa nnamaddala. ” Kino kiyamba okuleetawo“ eddembe erifu. Lwaki omulembe ogufudde gusiba abalamu? Abanoonyereza ku ntandikwa bagamba nti Amateeka gaakolebwa nga kizibu okuleetawo obutebenkevu. Okukyusa enkola eno kisobozesa emirembe egyakayita okwogera naye nga kirimu eky'amaanyi kyokka. Kino kikuuma eddembe ly'abantu n'obuzibu obw'amaanyi mu biseera eby'ekiseera ekitono: nga James Madison yawanulira mu [FLD:0] omuwandikiro n'obutebenkera mu [FLD] Na. 62, “Okufuga abantu mu ngeri esobozesa abantu okufugibwa, obuzibu obw'amaanyi mu kino: oteekwa okusooka okusobozesa gavumenti okufuga abafuga; ate mu kifo ekiddako ekiddako okugireefuga. Eproduration-deratic.

Okusoomoozebwa kw’Ebirowoozo eby’Omu Kiseera Kino

Enjigiriza eyo esigala nga nnyangu okutegeera era nga n'enjigiriza ennungi ennyo. Okutandikawo kwa “buppya obwasooka” kussa essira ku makulu g'erinnya lya abantu mu kifo eky'okutandikira ku kigendererwa ekyasooka, era kuteekamu n'eby'okukozesa nga corpus ennimi. Ebibuuzo byeyongera mu nkola y'enkola, obuzitowa obusooka, ebyafaayo ebyasooka mu byafaayo, n'engeri y'okuteeka mu nkola enkola eyo ku Conteenter [ Contension oba obuterezi obwalimu. Kkooti n'enjigiriza za Koole eno, n'abakulembedde n'abakulembedde mu byafaayo, bye baasooka okuzzaamu endowooza zaabwe ku ku ku ku ku kuggyamu, ku bikwata ku ku ku ku ku kukwata ku ku ku kugoba bbuwabufu, ne ku ddembe ly'eddiini.

Okusobola okubeera nnywevu, ekiyinza okukolebwa kwe kuba nti enzivuunula y'ekiwandiike eyinza okukozesebwa mu nsonga ez'enjawulo. Singa omuntu akkiriziganya ne byonna ebivuddemu, engeri gye yakkirizibwamu esobozesa abantu okukebera ebifa ku bantu ne demokulase. Kino kya muganyulo nnyo okusinga enkola abalamuzi gye balangirira ebiva mu kulangirira nga tebalina misingi gya ngoberera.

Okufundikira: Okutandikibwa mu Lubereberye ng’Ekintu Ekisobozesa Endagaano Ennungi

Enjigiriza eyo eyamba mu kunyweza amateeka nga esobozesa okutaputa ebiwandiikiddwa mu byafaayo. Esobozesa obusobozi bw'okusala emisango, okuleetera obukodyo obw'okusala emisango okumanyibwa, okusuubira nti obwa demokulase, era ekubiriza okuteesa ku nsonga mu kifo eky'okuzikola nga bazza emisango. Wadde nga waliwo okusoosa okw'amaanyi okusobola okumanya amakulu agasooka, okukalambira ku mateeka aga bulijjo, era n'akabi ak'eby'obufirosoofo obubwo busobozesa ebyafaayo okuteekawo enteekateeka eya bulijjo. Eggwanga lino bweyongera okumentina n'okweyawula okw'amateeka okw'amaanyi, obut'enjjulukuka y'enkola y'okukwata ku Mateeka, era n'okukulembera abakungu ab'omu Amereka obungi.

[[NKULULA] Kino kisingako okukisoma mu ngeri endala[[FULT:1]: [[FULT:2]] Phalaafaupus (National Constitution Center); ] diverset of Columbia v. Helloner, 554 U.S. 570 (2008); [[FOLT:6]] Kino kitegeeza ekitongole eky'omu mateeka ekya 'Protoryism'; ; [[FLT:],]; [FOLT], [OK], “ONUM: 55: 1,5], "ENKUGUMBWENZI: [FOLT].[FLT]]