Obubonero obukolebwa mu kampeyini ze bulamu bwa kampeyini, naye era bwe bumu ku bintu ebiragibwa ennyo mu Amerika. Amateeka agafuga, omuwendo gwa ssente ze gayinza okuwa, era n'ebyo ebinaasaasaanyizibwa bitegekebwa okukuuma okulabira awamu, okuziyiza obulyi bw'enguzi, era n'okukakasa nti buli eyenyigidde mu kampeyini azannyibwa n'empaka z'amateeka ge gamu. Abawaddeyo, abagenda okulambula empaka n'obukiiko bw'ebyobufuzi, bategeera amateeka gano okugagondera era n'okusemba obwesige mu nkola y'okulonda. Ekitundu kino kiwa kalonda mu bujjuvu amateeka agandibadde gamanyibwa okuva ku kkomo ly'eggwanga erifuga ekitongole (Foccount).

Ebyafaayo Ebikwata ku Kampuni Ebikwata ku Kutegeka Ensimbi

Kampeyini yakolebwa mu Amerika mu kyasa ekyayita. Kaweefube eyasooka okuwera okuwera ebiteeso ebya kampuni, ekyatuuka ku kitongole ekya Hillman Act ekya 1907, ekyagaana kampuni n'amabanki g'ensi yonna okuwaayo obutereevu. Kkooti enkulu etwala obukwasiro mu kuddukanya eby'empaka. Kkooti y'eggwanga ya 'Federal Ecoupping Campation Act' (FEKA) eya 1971 ne 1974 yawanjula empandika z'amako, ne zissaawo ekkomo eriva mu mpawuka z'okuwaayo, eteeka ekkomo eriko, ebbeetaawe, n'etaaweebweze. Esomero za CFFFFFFFC'eve'ence'. Ek'. Ekkom'.[2][5][5][5][5] Empalases] Ekiwandiiko ebigendera ku n'ebitongole bya gavumenti za gavumenti za P.[0] ebiwambulukusobozesa okunnyonnyola mu by'omuti

Amateeka Agakwata ku Kampeera

FEC kye kibiina ekifuga etteeka erigobererwa amateeka ga kampeyini. Kiteekawo ekkomo ku bukulembeze bw'ensimbi. Kiba kyetaagisa okuwaayo alipoota ezabulijjo, era n'okunoonyereza ku by'okwamenya amateeka. Ekitongole kino kikolera wamu ne bassawo ab'ekitongole mukaaga (tekusukka mu bisatu okuva ku kibiina kimu) okukakasa nti ebiwandikiro birina kukendeeza ku buwaze. Amateeka ga disitulikiti gago gakolera ku abo ababa bawandikiddwa okuba abakwasibe b'obuyinza, ekizimbe ky'abakwasibe, akakiiko akakiiko akakulembeze, era ne ku bukiiko bw'eby'obufuzi (PAC).

Emirimu Egiyinza Okuganyula Abantu kinnoomu n’Ekibiina

Emirimu egitali gimu egiva mu kulonda giyinza okukyusibwako buli myaka ebiri.

  • [[Akawulu:0] Ekiragiro kiyamba omubatize[[[KALUMBE]]: ddoola ng'emu ne digiti 1,300 buli kamu ku bululu bw'okulonda.
  • [[Akakiiko:0] Akakiiko k'ekibiina [[:1]]: $4,300 buli mwaka.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Buli kakiiko aka bonna abagenda okulondebwa oba akakiiko[[KATANDIKWA:1]: Kiremere enzijjuvu eya kiggreat eyakolebwa mu 2014 ([[KATANDIKA]]] Mccheon v. FEC)] Kino kitegeeza nti buli muntu ku lukumbo lwe yasobola okukomyawo akapeesa mu 2014 ([[KITANDIKA]]).
  • [[AK'AWULA] PAC ebiweebwayo omuyiti[[[AK'AMUTANDIKI]: $5,000 ku kalulu.
  • [[AK'AWATANDIKWA]] Ekiragiro ekiwa obukiiko bw'ekibiina [[[AK'AWULA]: doola 50,000 buli mwaka ku kalenda.
  • Obukiiko bw'ekibiina [[O]State] obw'akawumbi k'empandika[[Ofisi zo obuwayiro]: obuwumbi digiti $10,000 buli mwaka ku kasita obuwayiro buleetera abagenda okusomerera ssente mu bu kkomiti endala.

Ebiragiro bino bikwata ku “ssente entono” — ssente eziweebwa abo abeetaaze okukuba kampeyini oba abagenda okukozesebwa mu kaweefube. Amateeka ag'enjawulo gakwata ku ‘ kukozesa ssente z'ekitongole ekizimba ebibiina. ’

Ebika by’Obukiiko bwa Gavumenti

Okutegeera obukiiko obw'enjawulo kikulu nnyo eri abo abawaddeyo.

  • [[Act:0]] Obukiiko[[[Akakiiko:1]]: Kaweefube ow'omumalirizo. Basobola okukkiriza okuteekawo alipoota eziba ziteekeddwa ku lukalala.
  • [[Act:0] Obukiiko obw'Akakiiko Akakola(PACs): Ebibiina ebiwanika era ebisaasaanya ssente okulonda oba okuwangula. Bapaawulu zisobola okubaako kye ziwaayo. Bisobola okukwataganyizibwa ne kampuni, ebitongole eby'emirimu, oba kampuni ez'abasuubuzi, oba ebitasengekebwa (obwetaaze).
  • [[NKULULA] PACS[[NKULA:1]: Obukiiko obusobola okuweza embalirira okuva ku bantu kinnoomu, ebibiina, n'ebiwandiike — naye tebuteekwa kukolagana n'abo ababa bagenda kumala kubatizibwa oba ebipande. Era bumanyiddwa nga bukiiko obwabwe ku bwabwe obwakakozesebwa okusasulira ssente.
  • [[Act:0][[[Act:1]]: Yakolebwa bannabyabufuzi okusobola okuwanirira abo ababa bagenda okugenda okunywa jjo. Balina okugondera ekkomo lye limu n'ery'omu buwangwa.
  • [[AK'AKAWULA:0] Obukiiko obw'ekika ekyo[[NKULU:1]: National, state, ne kattuuti. Buliko ekkomo eriri ku butundutundutundu ebigabana aw'okuwaayo era busobola okukola ensawo ez'enjawulo ezigattiddwa.

Okukugira n’Ebiweebwayo Ebinnyonyola

Emisingi egimu n'ebika by'okuwaayo bikkirizibwa wansi w'amateeka g'eggwanga.

  • [[NKULULA]] amawanga agamu[[NKUMBO:1]]: Akawayiro katakkirizibwa kubaako abatuuze aba bulijjo abangika kaadi, kasobola okugawagibwa mu ggwanga lyonna, mu ssaza oba mu kulonda.
  • [[OLW'OKUKOLA][[OKA]]] Tebasobola kuwaayo butereevu obukiiko obukola ku kwetaasa oba ku bukiiko obukoleramu ebintu nga bakozesa ssente eza bulijjo. Naye bayinza okuteekawo n'okuyisa PCs eziyimirizaawo ebiweebwayo okuva ku bawagizi oba ku bantu. Oluvannyuma lw'okuva ku Balina okuzifuula ennukuta mu United[, basobola okusaasaanya ssente eza buli lunkunkumuli ku buso.
  • [[[:0] Ebizimbi bya gavumenti[: Abantu oba bizineesi eziteesa oba ezikola endagaano ne gavumenti ziremeddwa okuwaayo eri ekika ky'eby'obufuzi, ekiti, oba ekitongole ekituukiriza obutuufu obw'ekika kya gavumenti.
  • [[Akabonero:0]] Abawaayo [[[NKUMBO:1]]: okubaako ky'owaayo mu linnya ly'omuntu omulala oba okuddamu okuteekawo omuntu omulala olw'okuwaayo, tekikkirizibwa mu mateeka. Ssente zonna eziweebwayo ziteekwa okuggibwa mu nsawo y'oyo awaddeyo.
  • Ekiragiro kino kiwandikiro omulimu ogwa '[[FOLT:1]. Ssente eziweebwayo tezisobola kukolebwa mu ssente ezisukka mu $100. Keeks, kaadi ez'ebbanja ne kompyuta ebisaasaanyizibwa ku sistemu endala nabyo biteekwa okukolebwa.
  • [[:0] Ebirabo eby'amaguzi[: Abagaba bateekwa okutegeerwa; ensimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu nsuso ezitamanyiddwa ziyinza okuba nga ziteekeddwa ku mateeka ag'enjawulo oba nga ziteekeddwa ku sistemu endala.

Okugatta ku ekyo, abazadde bayinza okuwaayo ku lw’abaana baabwe, naye erinnya ly’omwana liteekwa okulabika ku keeke.

Okukozesa Obusujja n’Okuwandiika Ebyetaagisa

Omuntu alaga enjawulo ku ndabika ye, awaayo ekisukka ku kkomo ly'omukampeyini ateekwa okutwalibwa mu FEC.

  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Akawayiro aka '-[FLT' kalina okuteekako aw'okusoma ku mukutu [[:1]]: Okuwaayo kwa doola z'Amerika oba n'okusingawo mu mwaka ogw'eddakiika kirina okuteekebwawo — nga kitegeeza nti kabutikkulu erina okutegeeza erinnya ly'oyo awaddeyo, endagiriro ye, omulimu gwe, n'omukozesa we.
  • [[:0] Enfuze[[NKUMBO]]: Obukiiko busengeka lipoota eza buli kiseera (obukulu, obugenda butandika nga bunnaabwo bwokka) era ne lipoota ez'oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Abafunzi ba Prezidenti balina ebisaanyizo ebirala.
  • [[AK'AWULA][:0][[AK'AKAFUZI]]: era biteekwa okutegeeza ebbeeyi zaazo nga mw'otwalidde ne ssente ezikozesebwa ku bubwe, ensawo ezitegekeddwa, n'okutwalibwa.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Obukiiko obukola ku nsaasaanya ya buli omu butegeeza nti abo bonna abawaddeyo bategeeza n'ebbanja erisingako $200 oba n'okusingawo obunene bwa ssente ze bawaayo.
  • [[:0][Akawulution[KITANDIKWA:1]: lipoota zonna zisangibwa ku mukutu gwe FEC (https//ww'empandika.fec.gov/data/) okusobola okukebera ebifa ku bantu bonna.

FEC era enoonyereza ku ngeri gye kiyinza okubaamu okukakasa nti omuntu akolera ku by’akoze.

Amateeka ga Ntegeka

Ng'oggyeko amateeka agafuga gavumenti z'ensi, gavumenti z'erina kampeyini ezaazo ez'eby'ensimbi, amateeka gaawukana.Emitego gimu giteeka ekkomo eritono n'egw'eggwanga, ate emirala tegireetebwako kkomo.

  • [[:0] Ebbanga eriri wakati w'embalirira: Ensi nga California ne New York zirina ekkomo litono, so ng'eggwanga nga Texas ne Virginia likkiriza okuwaayo okutaliiko kkomo mu langi ez'omu ssaza (abagenda okuzannya akakwakkulizo balina okumanyisa abawaddeyo).
  • [[AWULA:0] Ensonda ezimu zigaana essomero eri abawagizi oba ebibiina ebikolera ku mulimu gavumenti. Ate endala ziwera okuwaayo kwa kampuni okusukka ku mateeka ga gavumenti.
  • [[:0] Ssente ez'omu by'ensimbi : Ebitundu ebitono (eg'embuzi, Arizona, Maine, Connecticut) biwa ssente z'abantu ababa bakkirizza okusaasaanya ekkomo era ne bawaayo ssente nnyingi ku bwabwe.
  • [[:0] Imitaana gy'okuwaayo mu ggwanika[[[KITABO:1]]: Emiryango gy'okuwaayo ekintu gisobola okusaasaana; eggwanika z'ensimbi zeetaaga okubukusibwa gigyamu mu ggwanika zzibizi nga doola 100, ate ng'endala endala zitandika nga doola 500 oba n'okusingawo.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Buli omu ku tteeka erifuga etteeka eryo.: Eggwanga ezimu zitegeka ndukusa za maanyi okusinga amateeka aga gavumenti, nga kyetaagisa okumanyisa abo bonna abaawaayo mu kusooka (omutemwa gwa “okusasula okugenda mu nkola”).

Abagaba era n'abo abeenyigira mu by'obufuzi oba mu bitundu ebirala eby'omulembe guno balina okukebera amateeka agafuga oba gavumenti. Olukiiko lw'eggwanga olukwata ku Legistratures (NCSL) luwa obuwayiro obwangu obw'okulaga ebifa ku bantu abamu ([https.cs.org/electations-ampagigns/campaign-fance[).

Okuweebwa Obubonerezo n’Empeera

FEC erina obuyinza okunoonyereza ku ebyo ebiyinza okukolebwa okumenya amateeka n'okubonereza abantu. Okukaka abantu okubonerezebwa kuyinza okuva ku nsobi eziba zikoleddwa, okulabibwa abantu oba okulabibwa ebitongole ebirala. Emirimu gizingiramu:

  1. [[AK'AMUT:0] Ekiragiro kino kiwandikawo okukebera ebifa ku fayiro mu nzivuunula ([MUKI]]]]: FEC eggula omugaso singa wabaawo ensonga eyinza okukifuula ekimenyebwako. Awo agiddamu aweebwa omukisa okubaako ky'akolawo.
  2. [[Act:0] Kino kitegeeza ensonga [[[KY'OKUKOLA]: Singa omulimu guzuula ekiba kye guvaako ekimenyedwako, gugezaako okusemba endagaano — obuvunaanyizibwa obuzingiramu ekibonerezo n'okukola ebinaakolebwako.
  3. Ebibonero ebitongozedwa [[[NKULULA]]: Ebiragiro by'enkola ey'ekika ekyo biawukana okusinziira ku ngeri gye bikolebwamu n'amaanyi agava mu kugootaana. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okuteeka ku biweebwayo mu kipimo ekiyitiridde kiyinza okuwerera ddala obungi bw'eb'eb'o byewandisizza mu mulimu.
  4. Ekiragiro kino kikebera ebifa ku bukiiko [[:0][KITANDIKA]: FEC empandika z'obukiiko obulondedwa, naddala kaweefube wa ba prezidenti. ASPixports kusobola okuzuula ebikontana n'ebyo ebisalibwa oluvannyuma.
  5. [[NKULA] Obulambe obutegeeza obutegeeza nti omuntu amenyetse oba nti tamenye bulungi mateeka mu bugenderevu (g., nga akkiriza okugatta awamu ebiweebwayo, oba okuwaayo ebiweebwayo mu nsi endala), FEC eyinza okutegeeza ekitongole ekikola ku musango ku misango.

Eggwanga erimu liwaddeyo kaweefube ow'okukwata abawagizi mu nsi yonna (nga California Fair Political Practics Commission), ate amalala geesigama ku munnamateeka oba omuwandiisi wa gavumenti.

Enkyukakyuka Ezikoleddwa Gye buvuddeko awo

Kaweefube ow'eby'embalirira yeeyongera okukolebwa buyinjayinja.

  • [[NKULULA]] Ssente ezisukka mu kkumi: Okweyongera kwa 501(c)(4) n'ebirala ebiteeberezebwa olw'obutaba na bya bufuzi ebiba bikkiriziddwa, kiviiriddeko okumanyika. Eggwanga ezimu zireese amateeka agatamanyisa ensibuko z'essente.
  • [[Act:0] Obulango obwa '[[NKULULA]]: Act ethembekile Ads naye nga terikwasibwa] kiba kyetaagisa ebituuti ku Internet okusobola okukuuma obulango bwa bya bufuzi n'okuteekawo ensimbi ez'enjawulo. Gavumenti ezimu zitaddewo amateeka agafaananako.
  • [[NKULA] Ebisalidwawo mu kkooti [[FOLT:0]: Kkooti yeeyongera okulongoosa etteeka ly'eby'ensimbi. Mu 2022, kyawagira okuwera kwa Montana okuwaayo obutereevu mu Amelikans olw'obutebenkevu Foundation v. [ (okuteekawo ebitongole ebigaba obuyambi mu kawere) era mu 2024 kyawulira [[[FOLT:]]EC v. Kampuni y'omu mateeka ekitongole eky'omu mateeka ekifuga obudde.[]
  • [[NKULULA] Enkola eya bulijjo efaanagana[[[NT:1]]: Ebibuga n'ensi ezimu bikoppedwa programu ezikwatagana n'ebiweebwayo ebitono ne ssente za gavumenti, mu ngeri ey'okugazikiza eddoboozi ly'abatuuze aba bulijjo. Programu ya New York City efaanana eyo kyakulabirako kirungi.
  • [[Act:0] Drassource of microsors: FEC kiba kyetaagisa kaweefube wa pulezidenti okumanyisa abantu abawaddeyo okuva ku balala ebiweebwayo. Obufuzi buno bugenderedde okwanika ekitangaala ku bawandiisi ab'obuyinza.

Abo abaagala okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'ekitongole ekikola ku by'enkan'okunoonyereza ku kkomo, ekitongole ekikola ku kampeyini kifulumya lipoota ezikwata ku by'enkalakkalira ( https.crross.confor.gov/pdf/R/R1542). Ebiteeso eby'enkola ku by'amateeka bitwaliramu ekiteeso kya DCLOSE ne akakwakko ka bantu (H.R. 1), ekiyinza okuteekako ekkomo n'okuwaayo.

Ebibaganyula nga Bapangisa n’Abakkirizi

Ekiragiro kaweefube w'eby'ensimbi kissaawo amateeka amakulu ageetaagisa obukulembedde. Abakozi bagoberedde ebiwandiiko ebikakasa nti tebakkirizibwa kutuukiriza mateeka agakwata ku kuwaayo. era beewale okugaba ebisukka ku mulembedde mu mateeka. Ebitongole n'obukiiko birina okuteeka ku bukwakkulizi obuyinza ku nfuna z'eby'okuwaayo, abakozi b'eggaali, n'ebiva mu mpandiika z'amaterekero nga bimenyese. Ebiva mu ku butakolera ku mateeka okukyulula ebisalebwa mu lujjudde ne mu mpagiro ezivunaanibwa obunene.

Abalina okugenda okugoberera:

  • Bulijjo kakasa nti oli mumativu okuwaayo (omutuuze w’Amerika oba oyo alina kaadi ez’ekika ekya langi ekya langi eya kiragala, so si omuzimbi wa gavumenti, n’ebirala).
  • Kozesa kaadi ey’amabanja oba olabe akaawunta gy’olina ku nsimbi gy’owaddeyo — tobaako w’owaayo ng’obaako ky’okolawo mu bizineesi.
  • Tokkiriza kusasula ssente ezisukka mu doola 100.
  • Weewale okukolagana n’empaka enkulu ennyo ng’oddukanya ofiisi yo.
  • Firimu zonna ezetaaga okutegeezebwa mu kitongole kya gavumenti ekirina okufunira lipoota.
  • Teekawo eb'obusobozi obwa FEC, nga mw'otwalidde n'eb'okuteekamu [[:0] ekkomo erikkirizibwa okuwerebwa [[[:1] ne [[KITONDE]] olupapula olulagira kutandika lupya oluba luwandikidwa[, olusobola okuwa obulagirizi.

fundikira

Ekiragiro ekitegekebwa okuteekawo obukwasi mu kampeera si kulemesa abo abeenyigira mu kaweefube naye okukakasa nti basigala nga ba ddembe, ba bwenkanya, era nga bwe batunuulira ebintu mu ngeri enkumu. Wadde ng'amateeka gagongojjebwa, emisingi egya nnamaddala — okumanyisa, ekkomo, okukugira n'okukugirwa mu buyinza bwa bannaggwanga, n'okukuteeka mu nkola etegekebwa — bikulu nnyo okusobola okuleetera abantu okwesiga amateeka gano. Nga bategeera amateeka gano, abagaba bannago n'abo abeebbeetaazaamu, basobola okwenyigira mu ngeri esingako nga bali mu mateeka. Amawanga bwe gakyukakyuka mu ngeri empya ez'okukolagana n'okumanyisa, n'okulabirira n'enjigiriza, byekebereberye.