Omulimu gw'okusala emisango mu kukyusa ebitongole ebikola ku ddembe ly'abantu n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'abantu, gwangu nnyo. Enteekateeka y'abalamuzi okusala emisango mu nkola ya demokulase, eteeka abalamuzi aba bulijjo mu kifo eky'okusala emisango, era ebasobozesa okunyweza n'okuleetawo enkyukanya. Mu byafaayo byonna ebya Amerika, obukankano bw'ekika, obusosoze mu langi, obuwangwa, obuwangwa, obusosoze mu bibiina, n'okweyongera ku bwenkanya, emirundi egimu okweyongera mungi. Okutegeera ensonga zino enkulu ezizingirwa mu kutegeera engeri enjawukana y'eby'eddiini gye zikutte ku n'ensonga z'obusosoze.

Ensibuko y’Okugezesebwa kwa Jury mu Kusoomoozebwa kw’Eddembe ly’Omulimu gwa Kisirikale

Eddembe ly'okuwozesebwa abalamuzi liba liteekeddwa ku lukalala lw'abalamuzi mu kifo eky'omukaaga era lyatwalibwa nga bukuumi eri gavumenti okubuna. Mu nsi eyo eyasooka, abalamuzi baakebera obuyinza n'obuyinza bw'abalamuzi, ne basobozesa abantu okutaputa amateeka nga basinziira ku mitindo gy'ebigambo. Naye omusingi ogwo gwe gumu guyinza okusala emitindo gyombi. Mu kiseera ekyo eky'obuddu, amasajjuko mu South Communments, gagobererwa Etteeka eribaalabwa nga liteekeddwawo ku bakungu ba buyinza bwa gavumenti, era ne g'ayinza okutaputa amateeka g'abaddu ag'ebifaananyi. Mu biseera ebyo, baagobe mu bitundu ebimu mu matabangawo olukiiko olusooka mu bukiika kkono, nga baamenya amateeka agakwata ku buddu mu ngeri ey'obugwenyufu.[FLT]

Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo olw'omunda n'okumanyibwa kwa era ne ] ebiteberezebwewo bya bannaggwanga [, okuwozesebwa kw'abalamuzi kwafuuka olutalo lwa Amereka abaava mu makomera amappya amappya. [[FLT:][4] Klux Klan K Kino kyasobozesa gavumenti okulumiriza abatuuze b'enkwaze eddembe lyabwe, naye nga mu kitundu ekyo baagaana okuvuna abawaawerese bannaawe abawawawaaze. [53] Okuva mu bitundu ebiwera ebiwera obungi eby'abaddukiro mu Amerika, ekyo kyava mu ggwanga eri zzandundu.

Okugezesebwa kw’Essawa n’Ekibiina Ekikola ku Ddembe ly’Eddembe ly’Abakungu ba Gavumenti

Entegeka y'abantu mu kyasa 20 yeesiga nnyo ekibiina ky'abalamuzi okukinywererako era n'okukiwa butereevu, naye okuwozesebwa kwa balamuzi kwalina ekifo kikulu nnyo mu kwanika endowooza y'obutali bwenkanya n'okukireetera abantu okubutegeera. Oboolyawo tewaliwo bujulizi bulaga nti mu ggaali enjeru tewaaliwo kukwata abaddugavu, naye nti abakungubazi bonna bali mu ggwanga bali mu musango munaana baasalirwa omusango. Omusango ogwo gwawawawaana ne guva ku mateeka abiri ag'enjawulo: [FLT:]. [FF][32] [32], wadde nga wabaddewo nti tewali bujulizi zza bannabweru, bonna baawerebwa, naye nga bali mu ttaano baagulibwa omusango. Omusango ogwo gwava mu ggwanga lyonna, ne guva mu kkooti z'ebitongole eby'ebitongole bya Africanvumba. [2] Kino kye kimu ku nsonga ezimenyeddwamu, ate nga kigwa mu ggwanga erimu ku nsonga eyo, sosse, sosseewolsenderse.[5][194][5]

Ekirala kyagobererwa kwe kugezesa kwa J.W. Milam ne Roy Bryant[[FL:1] olw'okutta Emmett Till. Abasajja ababiri abazungu baagezaako mu Mississippi mu maaso g'abalamuzi bonna ab'ebweru abaabasalira olukiiko olw'okutuuti, olwabaggyako obujulizi obwamala essaawa nga((obujulizi obwali buyisiddwako) era ne bukubiramubwa amasasiro 14-ya emyaka mingi. Omusango gwaswala eggwanga era ne gutandika okukaabirira ekibiina ky'abakungu. Maama wa Till yan yali yeeta ku ku kusiba ku mukolo ogw'okuziikibwa oba ku kijjulo, nga awamu n'ebifaananyi bya mu kkooti, byayamba okuwagira [FFFON]

Okugezesebwa ng’Ebigo Ebikubiriza Obukulembeze

Jury era yasingirwamu okukalambira ku ntegeka z'abavvuunuki. Mu ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1960, abakozi mu ntegeka z'abantu mu bukiikaddyo baakwatibwanga olw'okugezaako "okuleetawo emirembe" oba "okutwala" mu biseera eby'okutuula n'okulonda. Okugezesebwa kwabwe, mu biseera eby'okulaga obululu obw'amaanyi obwakolebwanga abazungu, kwaviirako okuvunaana. Eby'empuliziganya ebyavangamu okumenya amateeka ga bannannyini kwakolebwa. Obukyayimirizibwa ku nsonga eyo, bulaga nti obukyajja bukyamu obw'okusala ekijjulo kya misana n'okugoba abavvugibwa. [[FFLT:][FOLT:][5]

Kya magezi okumanya nti okusala emisango gyonna egyakolebwa mu brown tegyagwa mu misango gy'abalamuzi. Brown v. Obukiiko bw'Essomero (1854) kye kyasala kye kkooti enkulu, so si kkooti ejulira. Naye okusala emisango gyonna egyakolebwa mu Brown egyakolebwa ku balamuzi mu biseera ebyasooka okusoomooza okusobola okuleetawo entambula n'amasomero. Okugeza, mu 1946, omusango gwa kkooti enkulu . Virginia yakuba olukunkumuli ku mabbaasi wakati . Embaga za Awo lwe zaasooka bwe gwatandika Irene Morgan olw'okugaana okutuula ku bbaasi e Greyhouchound. Omusango gwe gwava mu mateeka, naye tegubadde musango gwa kkooti ey'omu lukulembe.

Ekirala: Okugezesebwa mu Ddembe ly’Abakazi ne mu Ngeri ey’Okugaba

Omusango gw'abalamuzi guyita ku musango ogw'ekika ekirala. Abakungubazi baagezaako okukomya omusango ogwabasalirwanga okugoba abalamuzi. Mu 1872, Susan B. Anthony[ yakwatibwa okulonda mu kakiiko ka ba prezida. Okuwozesebwa kwe mu maaso g'omulamuzi. Mu ngeri y'emu, teyakkirizibwa kuwa bujulizi kubanga yali mukazi, era yali mulungi. Omulamuzi yalagira abalamuzi okumuzuula nga mu musango, n'okusala omusango mu busokeroote. Wadde nga yabuze, okusasulwawo n'okujjuza omugezo ne wekuumira ekitongole ekiwayitirivu. [NN] Mu ngeri y'emu, mu 1913ngradat'ak'ak'ak'ak'ak'akkiririzaamu, era n'okuwagira okunoonyereza ku lukiiko lw'olufulume lw'olufulume lw'olufulume.[F]

Mu lukiiko olukulu olw'omu GGBTQ+ eddembe, okuwozesebwa kw'abalamuzi kwakola kinene nnyo mu kusala emisango egy'ekika kya ' era nga kukyali kwa maanyi. Wadde nga mu mateeka ga 'bergefell v'. Hodges (2015]) yajja okuva mu kkooti enkulu, emisango egyali gikwata ku nsonga z'abalamuzi ng'okusosola emirimu era n'okukyawa obumenyi bw'amateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 1993 abatemutta Branona Teena [[ [e] (eno kye kyaviirako firimu ] Dont ]]]) n'okyayinjawo omusango ogusalibwa abakunguzi ab'enko emirundi ebiri mu kkooti endala.

Engeri Jury gy’Ekirabo Ekikyusa E mbeera y’Abantu: Medicines and Psychology

Jury asalawo ku nkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu nkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ezikolebwa mu ntegeka. Okusooka, basindika akabonero ak'amaanyi . Omulamuzi bw'asala abakungu ba poliisi olw'okukaka ennyo oba okugoba obuwagizi mu ddembe ly'abantu, ekibonerezo kiraga enneeyisa empisa gy'abakungu ba gavumenti gye basanga nga tekkirizibwa oba nga tekkirizibwa. 1992 okuteebwa kwa poliisi mu King ng'akuba olukunkumbula olukulu olukulu olw'abalamuzi mu kiwonvuuyi, California, era ne kigoberamu okuteesa kwa poliisi ya gavumenti. Omuntu oyo yagoberera eddembe lya bannannyini eryasali b'abakungu ery'enjawulo eriragiddwawo, ate nga liba ku ku nsonga enkulu ezikontanako.

Ekyokubiri, ensala y'abalamuzi enzivvuunula 'enkola ey'amateeka. Wakati wa 2014 ne 2020, ensala y'abalamuzi ab'enjawulo teyakubaganye musango gwa ba poliisi mu kufa kwa Michael Brown, Eric Garner, ne Breonna Taylor, nga baaleetera abapoliisi okukakanga oba okwetaasa okulongoosa. Mu ngeri ey'ekitongole, gavumenti nnyingi zaateekawo amateeka agasaba obujulizi obwabwe ku bubwe okunoonyereza ku masasi, okuteeka obulango ku bannassawo, n'okuteeka mu nkola emitindo emipya egikwata ku ba poliisi. Wadde nga tewandikibwa mu kkooti tezibyasalibwa mu mitendera egiteeberebwa banna gavumenti.

Ekyokusatu, okuwozesebwa kw'abalamuzi kuba ng'okutwala obuyigirize mu lujjudde obwa . Okuwozesebwa kwa poliisi Derek Ciughvin olw'okutta George Floyd kwayisibwa obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu. Kkookolok'abalamuzi okukomyawo olukalala oluba terutegeerekeka kubanga lwaviirako ebikolwa eby'ettemu. Okuwozesebwa kwa Programuntal kwa Provice ku kuvunaanibwa ku kuvunaanibwa olw'okugaana obukyamu n'okugoba ebizigibwa mu bulango. Mu kivuddemu, [[FLLT:] Floved Kkoocract [FFocm:]

Ekitala Ekikugibwa: Ekitala eky'Ebibiri

Ekimu ku biragiro ebisinga okuba eby'amaanyi, n'okukaayana kwe birina `programu z'okusaza etteeka nga bayisa omusango omuwayitiddwa ne bwe kiba nga obukakafu obw'enkomeredde bulaga nti avunaanibwa. Mu biseera ebyasooka, bajulizi abamu baagoba abaddu mu buwaŋŋanguse. Mu 1970, bannabbi oluusi baagaananga okusingisa abazeekenyisizza abawagizi abaagobanga oba abaayonoona ebintu mu kiseera kya antivvu mu ntalo. Gye buvuddeko awo, abalwanyi abamu baasaba okujjuza abaddu abo abaabaddu abo abaabaabawerese.[

Kyokka okukomezebwawo kuyinza okuba nga kuyinza n'okuzza obuwagizi. Buli kiseera, emisango gy'agyo gyonna egyeru egyasalirwa abawayiriza abazungu abaalumba oba okutta Abamerika. Okukyayibwa kw'abasajja abatta Madgar Evers[ (okulumizibwa okw'emirundi ebiri okwasooka kwakoma; amakumi g'emyaka oluvannyuma, baasalirwa omusango) kwalaga engeri gye baakozesebwamu okukuumamu abawabuzi b'eby'enjereere ab'enjereere. Kkooti zigaasaze nti enzikko zirina obuyinza okuzizza omusango, naye tezitegeezebwa balamuzi, era ne bannamateeka tebakkirizibwa kukkirizibwa mu lujjudde. Kino kisigala nga enkaayawukaalwa mu mateeka.

Okusoomooza n’Enkomerero: Bias, Okuzikira, n’Okwetaagira mu Ngeri Etagudde Lubege

Wadde nga bagoberera demokulase, abalamuzi batera okusalirawo ddala obusosoze mu bantu be baayolekera. Obusosoze mu langi nga balonda abalonderwa ku lukiiko olusala omusango kizibu kyamaddala. Ne mu kiseera ekyo nga kkooti enkulu emaze okusala olukunkumuli lw'amateeka mu Batson v. Kentucky[ [1986]] (1986) baagaana okukozesa emizannyo egy'okwesamba egyava ku langi, abawabuzi n'abawi b'oludda oludda oluwagizi okugoba oluba nga bawandudde olukyayinza okumenya amateeka. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti abo abawaayinjabudde ab'ebweru mu bitundu ebimu eby'ebweru, era n'okubeerawo n'omuddubi wa Balabunnabunnabukkuse, kiyinza okukendeeza ku bwesinze okukkiriza okw'ebika by'ebyo.

Ensonga endala eziremesa abalamuzi okuba abenkanya ze zino:

  • [[AK:0]] Ensalo ezikendedde ez'embeera y'eby'enfuna:[[[AMERI:1] Ssente ezisasulibwa mu mulimu gw'okuwozesaamu, obutafuna wa kusula bakasitoma, n'ebizibu mu by'entambula, biviirako abaavu n'abali mu kibiina ekikola emirimu okusasulwa.
  • [[AKM:0] Obusosoze:[ N'abo abasala emisango bayinza okubeera n'obusosoze obuva mu kigambo ekibalemesa okuwa obujulirwa obwesigwa, naddala singa omuwaayirizibwa oba omujulizi aba wa langi ez'enjawulo.
  • [[Act:0] Entegeera y'amateeka empanvu:[[KALA] Obubonero obuzimbi obw'omu mateeka n'obujulizi bwa tekinologiya bisobola okubuzaabuza abalamuzi ne kiba nti enzigi ziva ku ngeri gye bawuliramu si y'amateeka.
  • Eraxissim: mu nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu, abalamuzi bayinza okukwatibwako olw'okutya obutujju oba okupikirizibwa abantu, nga bwe kirabikira mu nzikiriza ez'ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo] eza Ray Killen[ mu 1964 okutta abakozi olw'eddembe ly'abantu mu Missississippi (yamala okusalirwa omusango mu 2005, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 40].

Enkyukakyuka Okusobola Okunyweza Ekifo ky’Omuvubuka mu Kwenkanya okw’Amaanyi

Abawagizi n'abakwasisa amateeka bakola enkyukakyuka mu nkola ez'okusalira abalamuzi emisango mu ngeri ez'enjawulo era eziyinza okubaamu obukujju.

  • [[AK':0] Olukalala lw'abalamuzi aba buli omu lusinga oluwandika lw'amaze okulonda, nga luzingiramu layisensi y'okuvuga emmotoka n'ebiwandiiko by'emisolo.
  • [[NKULA]] Obuzibu bwonna obujjawo: Ebitundu ebimu, gamba nga Arizona ne California, bibuggyemu oba bikukugira okukendeeza ku kuggyawo bajulizi ab'okuyisamu ekiwandiiko eky'ekika kya discribution.
  • [[AK'AMULALA] Obulagirizi obutereevu obulagira abalamuzi okuyisa obulungi olukiiko olwo: Obulagirizi obuli mu nnimi ezirabika obulungi obwo bulaga etteeka erigaana okulowooza ku langi n'okunnyonnyola ensonga eziba zikkiriziddwa.
  • Obuyigirize obwasooka ku ntandikwa y'oluwandika lwa fayiro [[NKULA]:[[AK'AWULA] vidiyo ezisookerwako n'obulagirizi obukwata ku kusosola okw'ebiragiro n'obubonero obulaga nti omuntu asosokeddwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo.
  • [[[:0] Empeera n'obukuumi:[[OLW'OMUTEGO] ebibiina bingi biyimusa essusse era ne bigaana abakozesa okubonereza abakozesa mu buweereza bw'omulamuzi.

Okulongoosa kuno kukulu nnyo, naye era kuteekwa okugattika awamu n'ensonga ez'ekika ekimu ezikwata ku busosoze.

Empeera: Okugezesebwa kwa Jury mu Lutalo olw’Eddembe ly’Obuntu

Okuvunaanibwa abaddu, oba okuvunaanibwa abakungu ba poliisi, okuwozesebwa kw'abalamuzi kubadde ndabirwamu eraga nti Amerika ereetera abantu okukasuza bannaabwe n'okubaawula.

Leero, ng'ebibuuzo ku kuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu poliisi, ebikwata ku kulonda, ne ku LGBTQ+ byeyongera mu maaso, enteekateeka y'abalamuzi esigala nga nkulu nnyo mu kifo abatuuze gye bayinza okukomyawo obutereevu ku bwenkanya mu bantu. Tebikola bulungi, naye nga bye bikola nga buli kiseera okumanyisa n'okukyusaamu [. Abatuuze bwe baweereza ku lukiiko lw'alamuzi, batwala obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuwagira etteeka, naye emitindo gy'abantu bonna gye baagala okubeera egyenkanya era nga gye girenkanankana.

Okusobola okweyongera okusoma ku byafaayo by'okusalako kabazzi akalulu, ALU ebiva mu kussaawo abalamuzi b'empandika z'empandika ez'enjawulo, naye eyo yez'ez Project[ ewawa bufunze ku nsonga enkulu ezisaze nga [[[FLT:]] Batson v. Kentucky[[ ne . Alabama]. [[FLT:]][AK][5][5]][FLT]][FLT]][59]] Era processolutions zoose okulongoosa n'okuzza obuvunjanja obukiiko olukulu.