Obulagirizi Obutuufu bw’Ebiseera by’Edda Obutongoza

Mu Amerika, okuvunaanibwa kwa poliisi kwakolebwako nnyo amasomero ga gavumenti okusinga ebiragiro bya gavumenti. Mu myaka egiyise, ekibiina kya Amerika kirese etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu era ne Department of Justice ne kinoonyereza ku ngeri amateeka ga gavumenti gye gatuukirizaamu emitindo gy'amateeka, engeri gye gafugamu etteeka erikwata ku bannakyewa, engeri gye gakwatamu abantu, era n'okukolaganira n'abantu ne gavumenti kinnyonnyonnyolwa nnyo ku mu kigero kya gavumenti. Mu myaka kkumi egiyise, kabukkungo k'omulimu gwa gavumenti kaz'akyusa engeri ebitongole bya poliisi gye bikolamu, era n'ebiva mu ku mateeka gaago, n'ebyo ebiva mu nsi bye bireetako obweyagazaamu abaana b'emisango, n'obuyigirize bwa bantu.

Ensonga Lwaki Obukulembeze bwa gavumenti Buvunaanyizibwa eri Bapoliisi

Amakampuni ga gavumenti galina obuyinza bungi ku kukuuma amateeka kubanga amatwale ga poliisi okusingira ddala gakkirizibwa mu nteekateeka ya Kkumi eya Amereka. Kino kitegeeza nti amateeka g'ensi gakkiriza buli kimu okuva ku kiwandiiko n'okuva ku buwandiike obwa bakungu ba poliisi okumanyisa ebyafaayo ebya pulogulamu. Amateeka ga Federal gawa obulagirizi obwa bulijjo okussaawo olukalala olusooka ku lukalala olw'okukulemberwa amateeka kubanga [CiLEN] Ekiragiro eky'okufuga n'okulagira akakwakkereza k'amateeka okukebera ebitongole bya poliisi oba okuddukanya ebizikwata ku by'ago. N'ensonga eyo, enkyukakyuka ezisinga obungi zivudde mu gavumenti mu ku kitongole ekitongole ekiwandikiro.

Ebitundu ebikulu amateeka ga gavumenti mwe gateeka ebigambo bino mu:

  • Omuwendo gw'abantu abawa alipoota ku by'obwannakyewa obwakozesebwanga mu kukozesa amaanyi g'ebyuma, nga mw'otwalidde n'okukuba amasasi n'okutta abantu mu ngeri ey'enjawulo.
  • Kamera bwe ziba nga ziteekwa okukolebwa, era nga zisobola okuteekebwa ku kamera.
  • Okuteekebwawo n'obuyinza bw'obulambe obukola ku bantu aba bulijjo oba omulimu gw'obwannakyewa ogw'okulabirira omulimu.
  • Enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu kukuuma abo abalina ebisaanyizo okwekuuma mu kkooti z'amateeka.
  • Abantu basobola okufuna ebiwandiiko by'abapoliisi ebibawandiisa, okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu, n'ebintu ebirala ebimanyiddwa ku mpisa embi.

Ebipimo Ebikulu n’Engeri Gye Byakwata ku Kuwaayo Alipoota

Kozesa n'okutegeeza ebisaanyizo

Ekimu ku bintu ebikulu ennyo kwe kukakaatika alipoota ezikwata ku nkola ez'obwannakyewa. Nga 2015 tewannabaawo, eggwanga nnyingi tezirina mateeka ga'aweerera ddala ebitongole ebikwata ku bannalukalala okutegeeza ebikwata ku buyinza obw'omu ssaza ery'omu masekkati. Ebyakyuka oluvannyuma lw'ebikolwa eby'omu profile ebyaleeta emitwe gy'eggwanga. Leero, ebiyinza okukolebwa nga KIFOI][FLD][FFF:1] [ku , [ku Ekiragiro kya AB 71 ne SBB 142], [[FLT]] ebitegeeza ebibamba ebirengo eby'amaanyi ebiva mu ku kufa, oba okulabula kw'ebiteeyambisibwa mu bungi bw'ebitongole ebiva mu ku ku ku kulabula. projectivesssssssssssssssssss'okulabula kwa buli muntu omu ow'omuteesoonderome. emirundi mingi ebiva mu kifo kya . ssekajjunyunge

Mu California, omuwendo gw'amasasi agasaasaanyizibwa ku kitongole ekikola ku bwenkanya gweyongera ne 60% mu myaka ebiri egyasooka nga baakalagira balagula. Kino tekitegeeza nti amasasi mangi gaakolebwa //rather, gaba gavuddewo. Abayizi n'abasomesa balaga kye bayiga ekikulu: amateeka okulambula obulabikira tegayinza kusobozesa muntu kuvunaanibwa kusasula nsonga okuggyako nga galagidde obutereevu n'okuyingiza mu bantu bonna.

Obugonvu n’Okusumululwa kw’Ababiri

Kamera ez'oku mubiri zaatwalibwanga ng'omuzannyo ogukyusa obunene bwa poliisi, naye okusobola okugukolako, kyetaagisa okulaba ddi era n'engeri kikozesebwamu. Amateeka g'eggwanga ag'azibuwalidde okussaawo emitindo egitakoma. Virginia[ (HB1]] [b 150]] Kino kitegeeza abakwasi b'obukulembeze b'obukulembeze okusobozesa abaami ba kamera mu buli kamera, ne mu kiseera ky'obunene .]

Kyokka, ensonga esingirayo ddala okukaayana kwe kutuuka ku kamera ku bantu bonna. Ate era, Amerika zifaanagana nnyo: ezimu ku zo .FLT, nga zitwalibwa nti amateeka ga gavumenti naye nga galeka abantu obutakkirizibwa kubaako bye beekolera; ate amalala gayinza okuleetera kamera okuzikomyawo. Ekiragiro kino kisalawo okuyingiza abantu mu nsonga ezitali zimu okuggyako nga kkooti emaze okuwandisizza. Ekitongole ekya Kkooti ekikola eby'obwenkanya obwa obwa bulijjo kireetebwa nga kiresezza oba ekirengo eky'okukko okyo k'okukyongerako ku nsonga ezizingirwamu. Okuteeteeka mu nkola eya bulijjo kiyinza okulemesa abantu okwekwekebwa. Ekiragiro ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekirengooya okusasula ekya gboozesebwa okusobola okutakkula n'okumenya oba okutaakula ne ku nsonga ey'okuzza obutuufu.

Obulaadi n'Obwetwaze obw'Obwetwaze

Ekifo ekirala etteeka erifuga gavumenti gye libadde n'ekiragiro eky'amaanyi kwe kukolebwa n'okuweebwa amaanyi n'okukolebwa kw'akabirpu ez'okwejjukanya ebiwandike ebya sitomu (CRBs). Mu byafaayo, abasirikale abasinga obungi baali baddukanyizibwa ekitongole. Naye kati, gavumenti nga 20 zirina amateeka agakkiriza oba gakkiriza obulabirizi bwa gavumenti okuddukanya ebitongole ebimu. Law’s New York’s Lawnment Misciement Interciventivective Office (LEMIO) gaatongolwawo akakiiko k'obukiiko akakulu akatuula obusaze okukkiriza oba okulabira akabuulirira ekitongole kyonna ekya poliisi mu ssemateeka mu kya gavumenti.[Fotive]]

Obusobozi bw'abakyala businziira ku buyinza bwabwe. Obuwandiike obwa wansi busobola okuwa obujulirwa obwa kyebuvanya.[1]Bos Angeles era ne San Francisco[ (nga gavumenti bwekwasisa amateeka agasobola okukebera ennyo.][FLT'empandika ez'ennamba, obukalu obulimu obusookereza obusingawo ensonga ez'omunda, nga kwawuka ku ddirisa. Ekiragiro kya gavumenti ekiwagira amaanyi amangi mu kunoonyereza okw'empandika tekikola, mu kifo eky'ebifo eby'enkyukakyuka, kiraga ebiva mu ku kunoonyereza okw'amaanyi. Ebivaamu: [FLD:][FFF:][5][5]

Okunoonyereza ku Case: California ne New York nga Bakulembeze mu Kukyusa

Empagi y’Omulembe mu California

California y'ebadde mu kifo eky'okulabirako abapoliisi mu kifo eky'okulabirira eky'okulabiriraamu. Mu kantu ako mulimu amateeka abiri agaakakasibwa: SB 142][[FLT] (2018) ne SS 16[]. [SB 1421] Kino kyatongoza ebiwandiiko ebyabanga bya bapolisi abaawesebwa mu kyamaaso, nga biri nga biringa empapula nga biriko alipoota ezisingako olwazi olula, nga(* obujulizi bw'ebyo ebibajjuzibwa obuyitiriddeko obukyamu n'okubukozesa mu kubba. Etteeka eryamu ery'okwewombejja okumanyisa obutuufu kweyoleka n'okwewala okwa buli muntu.

Ebivuddemu bya maanyi nnyo. empapula z'amawulire n'ebibinja by'abatunuulizi bikozesezza ebiwandiiko bino okwanika engeri ez'obugwenyufu, ne kiviirako abakungu okuggyawo ebyapaapanisi n'okulongoosebwa kw'amateeka. Kyokka, etteeka era lyaleetera obutongole bwa poliisi okusiikukira obuwambe obuva mu butongole bwa poliisi, nga kino kiraga nti obukulembedde obutuufu bw'okulabikira oba obw'a bannaakyewa b'amasaza. Abasomesa, California banoonyereza ku ngeri amateeka gye gayinza okusobozesaamu okuzzaawo amaanyi wakati w'abantu n'abakwasisa amateeka.

Ekikongooso kya 50-a mu New York

Olugendo lwa New York lwali lwa maanyi mu ngeri y'emu. Etteeka erikwata ku ddembe lya Civil Rights mu Amerika lyakubya 50-a ku mateeka g'eggwanga liwandiisa abapoliisi mu kyama, ne kibawa ebboku ez'enjawulo okuwandiisa obuwandiike obwa buli muntu obutagwa mu mitwe gya pulogulamu. Oluvannyuma lw'okutta George Floyd mu 2020], akakiiko kaasalawo okuzza obukumi bwa enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi za lipoota ezikwata ku by'okweyisa mu buwatondo obw'amaanyi. mu kiseera ekyasooka] Lawrimu eri'Enviromenti Entercissivement Invective Invectory [Foctive [Foct3]]

Bannamateeka ne bannamawulire bakkirizza bannabyabufuzi okulonda abawagizi abali mu bifo omuli amaanyi amangi, ekiviiriddeko okumanya ebibakwatako n'okupikirizibwa kwa bantu. Kyokka, okugusibwa tekubadde kwa njawulo: ebitongole ebimu bigaana obuwulize obw'enkomeredde, era n'ebiwandiiko 201] nga biriko kkooti ebifuga[ bye bikendeezezza obungi bw'obungi bw'ebiwandiiko ebitwalibwa nga “pernel". N'okumenyamenyesa ekiragiro." Okusoomooza kuno kulaga nti n'amateeka ag'amaanyi geetaagisa okusobola okutuukiriza ebigendererwa byago.

Tufuna Enkyukakyuka Ezisobola Okukolebwa mu Kkomera ly’Ettabi

Omuntu asobola okulwanyisa obusobozi bw'okulwanyisa empagi zino, era ziremesa abakungu ba gavumenti obutabaako musango gwa gavumenti okuggyako nga bamenya “amateeka agaateekebwawo”. Wadde nga kkooti esingayo obukulu mu Amerika, eyinza okweteerawo emitindo egyabwe ku bwabwe egy'okugoberera nga bwe gibadde. Mu myaka egyakayita, gavumenti nnyingi zitaddewo amateeka agakugira oba agakugira obusobozi eri ebisaanyizo ku mateeka oba ebigobeetaagibwa.

[[NKULA:0] Colado [SB 21-199] Kino kyaggirawo ddala obukuumi obusobola okukuuma emirembe mu kkooti ya gavumenti okusasulira ebibulako, ne kifuula kyangu eri abakungu okuwozesa abakungu ba politiki okuba n'obuyinza obuyitiridde. [ New Mexico [[FLT]]] eyagoberera ne HB 4 mu 2023. [[FLT:]] Contenticut passion yayisa etteeka erifaanana n'empandika ez'omulembedde mu 2020. Ebirengo bino tebibaako kye bikola ku nsonga ezikwata ku gavumenti, naye bikola embeera y'okweramyawo. Obujulizi okuva ku Coloraficironesi kiwa ekiteesembe ekigenda kyeyongera mu bifo ebikkebeesudde ssente ezo eziba ebiva mu lukalala. Empalandulome z'amateeka okutereeza ensonga enkulu ezikwata ku nsonga enkulu ez'amateeka, n'okukangavvula mu mateeka.[10]

Ebizibu n’Ebyava mu Butasuubirwa

Wadde ng'amateeka ga gavumenti gakoze ekiteeberezebwa, gafunye n'enkyukakyuka. Amateeka agamu gasaaniziddwa olw'obukugu, era kino kyaleetera ekitongole kya poliisi okulemererwa okutuukiriza ebbeeyi oba “obulwadde obwa black. Ebitongole ebirala byewandikiddwako: alipoota eya 2023 okuva ku Price Bunoonyereza ku Bannaakyewa mu 'Form'] era kizuuliddwa nti mu bitundu nga alipoota ez'ekitongole kya politiki ey'ekitongole eyinza obutatuukiriza byonna ebizikwata ku nfunze. Alipoota z'eby'okugo aw'ebitongole ebitongola ebitongozedwa tebyagookekwa ku by'amataakkukkiriza.

Okugatta ku ekyo, mirambo egikubiddwa mu mateeka agamu, --gt) gikozesezza ebiwandiiko ebyamaguzi okugaana ebiwandisibwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ko `''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ebiwandiiko ebirengojjuka ebya kompyuta''''empandika'''''ebitundu ob'omu mateeka'awulamu, nga 2022'''akkirimu awakolerwa reso, nga awakolerwa ebiwandiiko ebya 'CURCURCT AKLT][FLT] era nga bisobola okubunnyisa obuterekebwa obwa n'ongerako obwa n'okuva mu nsonga ezo. Okuwanyaamu, ebiva mu bibiina by'ebitongole bya gavumenti ebitongole ebikola eby'ebitongole ebireetebwamu bi

Obulabirizi mu Kitundu n'Okulaga Obusobozi bw'Okulaba Ebirabo

Ekimu ku bintu ebiyinza okuvaamu okukolebwa kw'ebitongole bya poliisi kwe kweyongerako okusobola okukuba empapula ku kuyimirira, okukebera, okukwata, n'okukozesa amaanyi. TEXAS (wansi SB 4) ne ] Squatington] [mu bitongole bya '940]] ebinoonyezesezza byonna ebizuuliddwa ebitongole, nga biriko obutundutundu n'obw'ebiwatoobwa bya bantu. Kino kisobozesa abanoonyereza kulonda empaka z'enjjulukuukuuka z'ebivaamu, oba amaanyi agasukkiridde okuggyawo ebiwayinja ebiva mu langi okuggyawo ebiva mu mawanga. Ng'okuteekawo ekyokulabirako, enteekateeka y'omulimu ey'ekitongole ekiva mu ggwanga. [FLT:]Sitawo olukalala olumu lw'olupapula lw'olupapula lw'olupapula lw'ebiragiro.

Ekiragiro kya gavumenti ekilagira okukebera oba okukebera data eya poliisi.[1] Ekiragiro kino kikoma ku kukaka nti alipoota eziba zigobereddwa zikkedde bokka. Etteeka erya SAFE-T likola akabonero akalaga nti abapoliisi balina obukwasiddwa obukwasi bwa gavumenti era nti balina obuyinza obw'okubalirira omulimu. Abakwasiddwa omulimu bwe batasobola kuwaayo alipoota. obuvunaanyizibwa obwo tebusobola kusasula ssente eziva ku gavumenti. Agumenti y'okugoberereza ekiragiro kino tebaamu ssente nnyingi kubanga awatali kukikola, kiragira nti aw'okuteeka alipoota ku lupapula lwonna kubalukawo.

Enkyukakyuka mu Bukulembeze bw’Ettaka mu Buwandiike

Ekiragiro kino kikebera ebitundu ebiddako nga kinoonya eby'okulabirako. Ebiwandikiro bingi biyinza okuba nga bigoberera California ne New York nga bibikkula biwandiiko ebitereeza ebyamaguzi.[FPARISAN'empandika zikola nga Arizona ne [FLT][FLT]][FLT]][FLTYVAN] [[ Kino kitandise okukikolako. Ekyokubiri, ekibiina kya decrefyworced progreement ekifuga enkola ey'enyiizibutali ya bannaakyo kitandika okukola ekiteeyiti ekiteeyitibwa ennyo: [[FLT:] Maschasettss [[FLLD]]] kiyisa ekiragiro ekirembe eky'ekira amateeka mu 2020, ne Ekibiina ky'eggwanga ekifuga amateeka agafuga ebimenyeseti ebiva mu bitundu ebitegeke ebitegekebwa encctive.

Ekyokusatu, amateeka agagatta ensimbi eziweebwa poliisi ku ku kutuukiriza obukwasi bw'empandika nga ``'''okusobola okulaba oba okulonda kamera ez'obwannannyini ez'omu ntebe'ewandiikibwa'. Agon era ne Minnesota[. Ekisembayo, waliwo obwetaavu obw'okugoberera amateeka okuwa abakungu ba poliisi obuyambi ku bizibu by'obwongo, nga mw'otwalidde n'amateeka agafuga obukola ku nsonga z'abakungu ba Bannabyabufuzi.

Olugero: Obufuzi n’Emitendera Ebiri mu Kkomera

Amateeka ga gavumenti gasobola okuvunaanibwa abapoliisi. Gayinza okulagira obulabi, obuyinza obuyinza, n'okuteeka mu nkola obuyinza ku nkola ezikolebwa abantu ab'ebikyamu. Ebyo ebyatuuka ku California ne New York biraga nti amateeka agazikiriziddwa gasobola okukyusa abantu bafune obubaka obwabaweereddwa ku buli nsonga era ne bateekamu obwesige obubagatta. Naye singa baweebwa obumala, nga bawagirwa bulungi, era nga bavunaanyizibwa nnyo. Okusoomooza okukwata ku nkola, obukola obukola ku bufunyinyinyisiddwa, era n'ebiva mu buzibu obutali butegeke, bitujjukiza nti amateeka gokka si ga ga ga ga bannakyewa.

Abayizi n'abasomesa abeekenneenya omutwe guno, ekiyinza okubayamba kwe kuba nti amateeka agafuga embeera ya gavumenti gakola nnyo era gawa obuwanyi. Buli ssemateeka wa gavumenti omukisa okulongoosebwa oba okumalirizibwa. Bwe bategeera etteeka eririwo, abatuuze bayinza okusigira abakungu ba mateeka agakola obulungi era ne basigala nga bavunaanyizibwa ku ebyo ebiba bivuddemu. Ebiseera eby'omu maaso, poliisi tejja kuwandiikibwa mu Washington, D.C., naye mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna, oluwandikiro olw'omulembe