Ku ludda olulala, abantu bagezaako okuvunaana oba okusasula empalana ezikwata ku kusalirawo abamenyi b'amateeka amateeka nga basinziira ku nkola y'amateeka. Ku ludda olumu, etteeka ek'awalimu etteeka erikuuma etteeka eritali lyawagirwa mu kkooti, erisibuka mu kkooti ez'ekkumi n'embambamba. Ku luuyi olulala, abantu banoonya ekibonerezo ku bikwata ku kumenyebwa amateeka mu kunoonyereza, okuvunaanibwa oba okusibibwa mu mateeka. Ekiragiro kino kyetaagisa empaka eriko ekkomo eri n'obutebenkeramya, nga kikakasa nti eddembe eryawula okugateeka mu mateeka teri nga lituukiriza bisuubizo ebigerekekwa. Mu myaka mitono egiyise, kkooti, ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole, n'abakugubwa mu mateeka bakkirizibwa mu nsonga ez'enjawulo, era n'okukyuusibwa obukyayinja mu mateeka.

Okutegeera Obumu bw’Empisa y’Obufuzi bw’Ensi

Enjigiriza eno eri mu lukiiko olukulu olw'okufuga mu Amerika. Eremesa abantu okuwerebwa mu kkooti ya gavumenti, oba mu nnyiriri nyingi, mu kkooti ya gavumenti. Enjigiriza eno ey'ekika kino eri mu Amereka ak'akumi na nkumi, eyakkirizibwa mu 1795, ekyalaga nti abantu kinnoomu bakkirizigasse ku nsonga ya Kkooti esinga obukulu mu okusoosa olusemba olumu olw'amateeka oba mu ngeri y'emu, ekitongole ekitongole ekya GG. Georgia[FFL:1], 2 U.S 419 (1793). [FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:]], Kkooti ekkiriza abatuuze b'eggwanga okuddamu ennyinyo ku lukiiko olukulu mu kkooti, ekko.

Okuwandiika n’Okunnyonnyola Ekkumi n’Ekkumi n’Emwenda nga Mwogeziddwa

Enterra ey'ekkumi n'etaano ey'eggwanga ewa obukakafu: “Etteeka erikwata ku kusalirako abatuuze mu Amerika ek'ebbanga teritwalibwa ng'eraga olusembo olumu mu mateeka oba mu ngeri esaanira, era terijja kutwalibwa ng'olukiiko olukulu olw'okutuukiriza etteeka oba olw'okusala olusenyi, olw'okulumiriza oba olw'omu United States ekitongole ekiva mu batuuze ab'eggwanga eddala oba Abatuuze oba Abatuuze mu ggwanga eddaala lyonna.[FLT][[FL:][FL:], Kkooti Kkooti ey'eby'enkola eyinza okuziganya n'okujjuza abatuuze mu ggwanga esvumbo, era n'ennyonnyonnyonnyonnyolebwa. [[5][5][5], nga mu ngeri eyo eya waggulu, mu lukumboosenyi .[Fose-Fose], Subrometerson, Superse.[194]

Ekifo ky'Eby'obukuusa: Ekiruubirirwa eky'okugobererwa n'abakungu ba gavumenti

Omufuzi afuga tabikka ku ggwanga lyennyini naye era ayongera ne ku kukuuma ebitongole bya gavumenti ebitwalibwa nga “emmemba ez'ensi.” Okukakasa obanga ekitongole kituukiriza ebisaanyizo ng'omukono gwa gavumenti kizingiramu okwekenneenya ensonga gamba ng'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'eby'ensi ya gavumenti ku misango n'ebiruubirirwa by'eggwanga. Kyokka, okukuumibwa tekukuuma abakungu ba gavumenti kinnoomu. Abakungu ba gavumenti kinnoomu mu buyinza bwabwe obusobozi bwabwe ng'obw'eggwanga, nga buzingiramu okwetangirira ebibirango by'eby'ensi yonna ku gavumenti era nga bwekugirwa. Kyokka, abakungu mu bibawagidde obuwandikiro eby'abakungu mu by'eggwanga kinnoomu. [FLT:]

Emisono Egigattiddwa mu Kkomero ly’Omusango Eryali mu Kibi

Emisango egikwatagana n'ensonga ezikolebwa abamenyi b'amateeka gizingiramu ebigambo ebitwalibwa wansi wa 42. .C. . . ., ebikkiriza abantu okuwerebwa oba okutwalibwa mu ggwanga olw'okumenya amateeka oba etteeka erifuga. Empalana endala zikolebwa wansi w'obuyimbi bwa Bavens v. Abamalaamu bannamannya six[, 403 U.S 38871], ekiwandikiro kireetawo ekiyinza okuzza abakungu mu makomera, n'okugoba, n'obuvuzi, n'obuvuzi, oba obutalaga bya bujja mu bugenderevu, oba mu makomera.

Ebibiina Ebisinga Obulungi Ebikola Omusango ng’Omumenyi w’Amateeka Bigambibwa

  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Akawayiro kano kakyogerako wansi w'Ekiwandiiko [ awandibadde omutemwa ogw'okuna ogwa Amereka olw'okukwata okw'ekina oba okukozesa amaanyi ag'omu n'omuwere. Kkooti enkulu bwe yasala eky'okukwata oba eky'okukwata ab'ekika kya nnamunizo, kyalaga nti enkola ey'okukwata oba ey'okukwata ab'amaanyi tekkirizibwa. Kkooti enkulu eri mu Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S 386 (199), yakkiriza nti bye bawandiika ng'ebyo birina kutwalibwa nga mutindo wa dtuufu.
  • Abantu abamu abasibibwa mu kkomera oba mu lukumbo olw'obukyayi: Abantu abakwatibwa awatali nsonga oba okuwozesebwa bayinza okususibwa wansi wa 2016 1983. Kkooti mu THOMson v. Clark, 596 U.S_222], yannyonnyola ensonga ezaali zeetaagisa okusobola okutandikawo omusango.
  • [[NTANDIKO:0] Obusobozi obw'okukwata obubi n'okumenya amateeka ga bannalukalala: Obutuufu obw'okukkirizisa obutuufu obw'ekika kya Brady v. Maryland[, 373 U.S. 83], buyinza okuleetera abawaabi b'oludda olubu okulumizibwa singa bubaawo obujulizi obw'obulimba.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Obubonero obw'okukuuma ekkomo: Abantu abakyayinza okuleeta ssente wansi w'ekitongole enzijuvu ekibonerezo eky'enkanvu mu kubonerezebwa okw'amaanyi era okw'ekika ekitali kya bulijjo, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuyonjo obutasaanira, n'okusibibwa bokka mu kifo ekimu.
  • [[Act:0] Empandika n'empandika ey'okukwata amaloboozi: Empandika eya Claus ey'okumenya emitindo gy'enkula oba egy'obubonero obulala obukuusibwako kiyinza okuviirako empalana ez'enjawulo okulaga nti abantu bagoberera enkola ey'okugabangula.

Ebiyinza Okugwawo: Okukwata Obukulembeze n’Okubaako Ebiwandiiko Ebirungi

Obutujju bujjawo singa omukungu agezaako okuvunaana gavumenti oba abakungu baayo olw'ebyo ebiva mu bikolwa eby'omusango.

[[Act:0] Expand Young[[[Act:1] Enjigiriza

Emu ku njigiriza ez'enjawulo ze zisinga okuba ez'amaanyi ze [FLT] Exparse Young] Enjigiriza eyo ekkirizibwa oluvannyuma lw'etteeka ekkulu mu 1908]. Ekitongole ekiwakanya amateeka kigigaana obuyinza bw'eggwanga era ne kiyinza okukyusiza akakiiko akattukwa. [FLT:] Ekireetera obukyamu obutakkiriza kujeemera bakungu ba gavumenti, obut'afuga, okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti. Ekitongole eky'omu mateeka kye kiresemba ekimenya amateeka ga gavumenti kinyagibwako ab'obuyinza era ne kiyinza okukkirizibwa abo ababa baagala okufuna obuyambi. [FLT:] Ekimu ekitundu ekibakiikiikiikibwa mu b'obuyinza obutongole ekibadde nga tekikkiriza kusasula ssente ezibakikoze mu by'omutemwa omutemwa gwa ssente, oba mu nkola ey'okulagisa okubonesa obutuufu. Steesossenti y'enkola ebitongole eby'ekitongole ekibadde kiragira okukiryisobya enkola

Okugattika Enkolagana y’Omufuzi w’Obutonde Bwonna mu Lukiiko Olukulu

Era naddala wabaawo okukyolekera okulala okw'amaanyi bwe kiba nga kigendererwa okugattulula etteeka erikugira gavumenti. Kkooti ey'oku ntikko n'eba nga , mu [FOLT] Florida[, 517 U.S.1996], yakifuula nti, Consert eyinza okusemba olukalala lw'obuyinza singa kikola ku nkola eya bulijjo mu kukozesa amaanyi gayo mu Kitundu kya digiti 5 eky'ekkumi ne kimu. Kino kitegeeza nti amateeka mangi aganoonya okubawandikiro ga gavumenti galina okukibwa mu ntegeka tegoo. Ekyokulabirako, [FLT:][F2][FF:3] [FFF:] [3], nga kyenkanankanankanankanankana ne ekkomera mu k'obuyinza obutuufu mu 1983) naye nga tegasazeset'ekitongole ekitongole ky'omu kifo ky'obukungu.[Akaluuzi:[F][5][Aka][5][Aka][5][19]

Embeera Ejja ng’Eyongojjeddwamu

Gavumenti nnyingi ziwayirizza ebikolwa ebisobozesa abantu okulumiriza obusagwa mu mateeka olw'empaka ez'enjawulo, nga bawaayo obusawo obutonotono obubasobozesa okuvunaanibwa ebisago eby'enjawulo, okukwasisa ebisale ku nsonga eziba bigobeddwa oba okusalirwa ebbeesa. Mu nkola z'amateeka ezizingirwamu, gavumenti ezimu zireese amateeka agatakkiriza kukugira bantu kubaako kye bawawaanyisa, gamba ng'okusibibwa mu buwaŋŋanda, okuteekawo ekkubo eribakkiririzibwamu.

Obumu bw’Abakkiriza Obuyambi

Wadde nga wa njawulo ku bufuzi obwawula abantu ku bantu, obusobozi obutuufu obutera okugattibwa n'emisango egikolebwa abamenyi b'amateeka. Obusobozi obwo bukuuma abakungu ba gavumenti obutabaako b'obuyambi bw'abantu okuggyako nga “baawuliddwawo obutongole obwa bulijjo oba obwa bulijjo obukkirizibwa mu mateeka obwandiweereddwa omuntu omuteefu, [[] Hargerd[[[FLY:3]], nga 457].S. 800 (19982). Okwerwana kuno kusobola okukakasibwa mu buyinza bw'obusosoze obufuga, nga bakuuma abakungu abateeyisa ebikyamu, ate nga abakuumi baaze baaze. Ekireetera okugobeerwa oba okugobeewala obutuufu okuzza obutuufu mu ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga za gavumenti.

Ebitundu Ebikulu Ebyakolebwa: Ekitundu 1983 ne Bivens

42 U.S.C. 76 1983 ne State Accorrs

Ekitundu ekya 1983 kye kibadde ekiddukanyiza ebiwandiiko ebikulu ebiwa ebiwandiiko ebiwakanya gavumenti n'abakungu ab'omu kitundu. Ekitongole kino kisobozesa “okuggyawo eddembe lyonna, enkizo, oba okugobererwa kwonna okukkirizibwa amateeka agafuga. Naye, empagi ezikwata ku busosoze ziteekeddwa ku mateeka. Buli kika kya Ssati ezikwata ku gavumenti nga bassaawansi baazo ku masaza wansi wa 76 1983. Kkooti enkulu mu [FL:0]. Ekitongole kya Michigan ekya gavumenti [[FLT:], 491], U.US 58 (1999), kigamba nti, tekiri nti abaana bannabwo be balina okukkiriza okuziikibwa wansi wa 76. Kino kitegeeza nti abakungu mu buyinza obwannannyini, embeera y'eby'eby’obugagga ekuumibwa butereevu. Okuzza obudduukirirwa obutereevu okuva mu ggwanga eri mu ggwanga eriyo, kirbaluuni ekigo ekitongole ekitongookyuufu kiteekwa okutongolwa oba okutongolwa mu k'ekitongole ekitongootiddwa.

Ebikolwa n’Abakungu ba Gavumenti

Abakungu ba gavumenti abenyigidde mu kusala emisango, ebipimo by'emisango bibawa eddagala ery'okuyisa mu nkola wansi wa mateeka. Obutafaananako 76 1983, sutu tezirina bukakafu bwa mateeka naye ziragibwako mu ngeri ey'omusango. Kkooti enkulu emaze emyaka egisukkako, ekiwandikiro kikomya eby'okweyongerayongerayongera ennyo kwe [[FLT:][FLT][FLT:][5] obujjanjabi, okugaana okukkiriza obujjanjabi obuppya ku nsonga ezo (].UBB], mu myaka egyakayita egyakalu., U.U.207]

Ebibaddewo Gye buvuddeko awo n’Ebyo Ssaze ya Ssematalo

Enzijuvu y’amateeka ekutte ku kusaasaana kw’abantu abakyewa era n’abamenyi b’amateeka ekoleddwa olw’ensalako ezitali zimu mu myaka 20 egiyise.

Okulwanirira Abakungu ba Gavumenti

Mu Prison Litigation Act (PLRA) emisango, kkooti enkulu enywezezza obukuumi obwa nnannyini ku bukuumi eri gavumenti. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Coleman v. Tollefson], 575 U.S. 532 [2015], Kkooti ewandikiddwa ewandikiddwa ennyo okusobola okulwanirira abaayitanga eddembe ly'abasibe nga baleeta ebisago, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyo ebibagirwa ebisinzibwa obutumbula obutongole obubagirwa obubalira ddala nga bugenda mu kikolerwa. Wadde nga tomanyidde ku kwewala okutambula okusobola okutawayira ebibagirwa mu mateeka.

Okusalawo Okukwata Emmotoka n’Ebidduka Ebiri mu Gavumenti

Kkooti era yeesigama ku kumanya obanga okusasulwa okuva ku buzibu obwamenyebwawo mu mateeka oba obukwatibwa embuyaga. Alden v. Maine, 577 U.S. 706 (1999), kkooti eyo eraggumiza nti okulwanirira gavumenti kukwata gavumenti awamu ne kkooti ya gavumenti, era kino kitegeeza nti abakungu baleme okuteebwawo mu mateeka. Kino kitegeeza nti abakungu baleme okuteefuga nga basinziira ku mateeka g'ensi. Kino kitegeeza nti abakungu baleme okuteeyisa ebisawo ebibawaawa ebibakwata ku gavumenti.

Enkola za Kkooti Eziseebeebeerera Gye buvuddeko Wadde nga Zaasalibwawo

Mu kkooti za gavumenti entono, wabaddewo okweyongera okwetaaga okumanya ekyetaagisa obutakwatibwa buwangwa era n'okwetaasa obuvunaanyizibwa. Kooti ezimu ez'ebitundu zaayoleka okukkiriza okuzuula nti emyoyo tegisobola kuziyiza buwangwa okuyitira mu mateeka gaayo oba nti espaceece Young[ Ek'enjigiriza zireseeyo obuwerevu eri obungi eri obungi eri abapoliisi oba ebikolwa eby'obusosoze. Akatyabaga akazingiramu okusiba abantu nga baakajja mu kuwakanya, nga bwe kigezesasizza abajulirwa ba George Flod, n'ebiwandiiko ebisooka ebiragira okumenya abakungulwa abakunguzi b'eggwanga nga bawanjulwa.

Abakulembeze b’Enkyukakyuka mu Kkomera ly’Eggwanga

Gavumenti eziwerako ziraesewo enkyukakyuka mu ngeri nti okulwanirira empalana ezikwata ku nkola za bannakyemalira ez'eby'amateeka tekirina kukkirizibwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka lya New York erifuga abafuzi ba gavumenti libawagidde okutawaanyizibwa abamu ku b'obuyinza, naye ate nga California kikiikirira enkola ey'okugobererwa kw'amateeka agafuga nga tegobererwa mu ngeri ey'okwewala okumenya amateeka[[FLT:]] Kino kikkiriza ebisaanyizo ebimenyebwa ebisaanyizo ebizikwata ku sigibwa. Okukyusa kuno kukolebwa kuno kuyinza kumanyibwa ngawandikiro oba ebiragiro ebitonotono ebigobeerwa, naye kutegeeza enkola ey'okugonjoola ebizirwamu aw'okwewala.

Enkyukakyuka Eziva ku Kkubo ly’Obumenyi bw’Eby’Obubi

Obukuubagano obuliwo wakati w'obufuzi n'okuvunaanyizibwa olw'ensonga eziba zikoleddwa, busobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'amateeka. Abawagira bawa obukakafu nti enteekateeka eno ereetera abantu bangi okusoberwa nga tebafunye makulu, kubanga okugattibwa kwa gavumenti kuyinza okuleetawo enkonge enkuka ezitayinza kumalibwawo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuntu eyasalirwa omusango olw'ensobi ya bannannyini kkooti ayinza obutasobola kuvunaana ggwanga okusasula ebisale nga amateeka ga gavumenti tegasasuddewo. Mu ngeri y'emu, abo abanyaze obuwambe bwa poliisi bayinza kuddamu obwalo obutono okuva ku basirikale abalina ebintu ebibawaanyi, ate ekitongole kya gavumenti bwe kiyinza okuba nga tekisobola kugonjoola bizibu.

Ebirala Ebikwata ku Kuwandiisa Eddembe ly’Obuntu

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ebibiina ng'ebyo nga National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers [NACDL] kukiraze nti empalana eziva ku mateeka okusobola okugootaana gavumenti tezimanyiddwa nnyo. Enkola okuva ku Bureaument of Justice Astss statistics eraga nti abazannyi ba gavumenti tebali 5% mu mwaka gwa 1983 bamenyanga bannassaayansi ba gavumenti era bangi bagaanibwa ku lukiiko olusala omusango ku nzisaze. Kino kiviiriddeko okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti okugattira ku broose oba okugattira ku ddembe lya gavumenti.

Ebirowoozo Biviirako Enkyukakyuka Okubaawo

Okusalawo okuleetawo enkyukakyuka okutali kumu kwogerwako:

  • [[NT:0] Okutongoza Etteeka erifuga Byonna mu Mateeka g'ensi: Abeekenneenya abamu mu by'amateeka bagamba nti karganizerkhement yandikozesezza ekikumi kyayo 5 okuyisa etteeka erikwata ku nnamba ya kakyo eno okusobola okukugira etteeka erikwata ku nnamba mu mwaka gwa 041998 olw'okuba liba limenyeddwawo amateeka ga gavumenti. Amateeka agafuga etteeka ng'ago gayinza okuyisibwa nga gagobererwawo ddala.
  • [[Act:0] Expace'Ek'enjigiriza ya [ Kkooti eziyinza okugaziya obuwerevu obw'okumenya amateeka aga buli kiseera n'obw'okusobozesa obuwagizi okuzzaawo, obusobola okusobozesa obukyusiza mu buzibu obw'engeri ez'obugwenyufu ez'omu ntegeka.
  • State-'Awaty Tort Atences Reformation:[ Eggwanga liyinza okwesamba ebika by'amateeka ebivunaanibwa abamenyi b'amateeka, naddala okuwaayirizibwa, okusibibwa mu makomera, n'obukakafu obukyamu. Gamu gaateekawo obusawo obubaganya obubawanduusibwa abantu abaggiddwako omusango.
  • [[NT:0]] Okumanyisa ebimala: Wadde nga tewakyaliwo bukuumi bwa nnawookeera era nga n'ebisaanyizo ebikukwata ku buwangwa obufuga ekizibu kino. Gavumenti eziwerako okuwera amateeka agakugira obukuumi obusobola okukuuma emitindo egy'okwerinda mu kkooti za gavumenti, era omusango ogufaananako ng'ogwo guteereddwa mu Congress.

Obulagirizi obw’Omuganyulo eri Abazannyi n’Abasomesa

Abasomesa n'abayizi b'amateeka, okutegeera empalana ezikwata ku kukuuma eddembe ly'obwetwaze n'ez'abamenyi b'amateeka kyetaagisa okusala ennyiriri nyingi nnyo mu mateeka. Abawaabirwa tebalina kukebera busobozi emitwe gya mateeka gino okuggyako omuntu anoonyezza ebitasaana mu ggwanga, mu kitundu oba munnabyabuzannyi naye era n'okunoonyereza obanga anoonya ebitavudde mu nkola, oba byombi.

  1. [[Act:0] Asalirwa omuwayirwa: Ekiragiro kye ggwanga oba ekitongole kya gavumenti, omukungu mu buyinza, oba omukungu mu busobozi obw'omu muntu?
  2. [[NKULA] Ekiragiro kino kyanoonya obuweerero obwali buvudde mu mulimu. Obubonero okuva mu ssemazinga obunene obwa zzanvu tebukkirizibwa okuggyako nga wazzewo kiremya; obuweerero obw'okuddawo kkopi bw'osobola okubufunira wansi wa [ Expace Young[
  3. [[Act:0]Check ewalibwa mu by'obwannannyini: Eggwanga likwasizza ekikolwa eky'okutoosa oba etteeka eddala erigaana ekiragiro okutawandikibwa kireme okutawandikibwa?
  4. [[NKULULA] Wayinza okubaawo etteeka erikkiriza okukkusa: Waliwo etteeka erikkiriza enkola eyo okukkirizibwa mu nteekateeka ey'okuwerezebwako 14 oba 14 K'empandika eya ADA n'enzivvuunuzi.
  5. Ekiragiro kino kigamba nti: ne bwe kiba nti embeera teyolekaganye na nteekateeka yaazo, omusirikale omu ayinza okusalirwa omusango wansi wa 76 1983, wansi w'obusobozi obulaga obutuufu obw'okuziyiza ebikeetebwa.

Okufundikira: Obutagwa Lubege Wadde nga Waliwo Okunyigirizibwa

Enkyukakyuka ezibaawo wakati w'enjigiriza ez'okulwanirira eddembe ly'obwannakyewa n'okugoosa obwenkanya mu mateeka, ziraga nti okulwanirira eddembe ly'obumenyi bw'amateeka n'entegeka za gavumenti kiyinza okusobozesa gavumenti okugonjoola ensonga nga tezirina kye ziyinza kukola ku nsonga ezo, naye obukuumi obwo tebusobola kufuuka bukuumi eriwawawa obusinzizo mu mateeka. Okusinziira ku mateeka okulekawo Ex e Young , Convention arrogition arrogition, deficiation , desition systemssssss, ne recumentationsssssssssssss arreant arrectiverigupy arrector. Kyokka, obukubo obwo tebusobola kubaamukoosa oba okugoba mu mbeera z'amakomera, oba ez'amakomera mu makomera, oba ezitawazibwerubigalimu ku kiyinza okuzigo.

Ng'emboozi ekwata ku kulongoosebwa kw'amateeka mu ggwanga yeeyongera, kirabika nti ensawo ezikwata ku kwerwanako ezikwata ku bantu zijja kweyongera okujjawo. Kkooti zijja kuseebwa okutereeza ensalo z'amateeka ezitayinza kukwatibwa nga zitegeerwa ebyafaayo ebippya ebituufu, ate bo akakiiko akakola ku by'amateeka kayinza okulonda okukendeeza oba okuweza etteeka erikugira enkola z'obufuzi. Omuntu yenna eyagenda mu kitundu kino, omusomesa, munnamateeka, oba omuwagizi w'amateeka, ategeera bulungi amateeka gombi awamu n'ebyo ebigetaago byago, ajja kusigala nga kkulumye. Ekiruubirirwa ekisembayo kisigala nga kikakafu nti abo abalina obutuufu obw'obufuzi bw'amateeka tebuyinza kuziyiza musango mu nkola y'amateeka.

[[Akawayiro:0]] Ebbanja erya K'AWANDIIKIRWA:[[AK'AWULA:1]

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Ekirango: Mpulmentant and Learn IMERIO][[FUMENT:1]
  • [[Act:0] Ekitongole ekikola ku by'ennono n'obumanyirivu mu mateeka ekitegeka ekitongole: State ImmonyY[[Akabonero:1]
  • [[Akawayiro:0]Ez: Ex parate Young (1908)[[AK'AWULA]]
  • Ekitongole eky'Ekirango: Kkoodi y'Eddembe ly'eggwanga[[Akabonero][:1]
  • [[Act:0] Brennan Center for Juji: Empuku bw'obeera n'ensonga mu Kkomo lya gavumenti mu Lukiiko lw'abalamuzi olw'empaka[[KYALI]]