Enteekateeka y'okussaawo amateeka ezingiramu abo abateeka amateeka mangi nga bassaawo emizannyo nga bassaawo enkola eno. N'olwekyo, okusobola okutegeera engeri amateeka gye gateekebwa mu bifo ebyo, tulina okuba n'ensonga gye gakkirizibwamu. Ekitundu kino kinnyonnyola engeri gye gaddukanyizibwamu, gye gatakkirizibwamu, gye gawaamu obulagirizi ku bantu ab'eggwanga.

Ebibinja by’Abakatoliki Kye Ki?

Ebibinja ebimanyiddwa ng'ebibinja ebiyamba abantu okufuna ebbeeyi oba ebikola emirimu egitali gya mulembe nga tebirina bulagirizi bwonna. Bikiikirira ebintu bingi ebisikiriza, gamba nga, okukuuma enkobyoko awamu n'obujjanjabi, okukyusa ebigendererwa by'eby'obulamu, ebigendererwa bya bannakyewa, n'eby'okugula. Ebibiina by'abawagizi ebikkirizibwa bisobola okuteekebwawo nga ebibiina ebigaba obuyambi ebigaba obuyambi nga bisasula emisolo (501(c) oba 501(c), oba 501(4), ebitongole eby'eby'obukulembedde, ebikolerwako, ebitongole, ebitongole, oba ebitongole ebitunda. Ek'okugatta by'obuyonjo mu nsi, oba eby'obusosoze. Ekiruubirirwa byabwe ebikulu by'okuyingiza ebiwandiiko bya mateeka eby'amateeka by'enkola ya gavumenti mu ku nkola ya gavumenti ne n'okuyingiza endowooza ya bantu mu ku bantu.

Ebika by’Abayigirizwa

Ebibinja by'obuyigirize biyinza okusinziirwako okusinziira ku ekyo kye bisalawo oba ku kye bikiikirira:

  • [[NT:0] Ebibinja ebikolera ku nteekateeka ez'enjawulo — Ebibiina ebigamba okukola ku byetaago by'abantu bonna, gamba ng'ebibiina ebikola ku butonde (nga Sierra Club), abatuuze b'abaguzi (um'omungangala, Publicturant), n'obutuuze bw'abantu obugattamu (umg., American Civil Liberites Union).
  • Ebibinja by'eby'enfuna [ — bintu ebileetera omulimu ogw'eby'enfuna okutumbula ebikolerwako bizineesi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebitongole eby'eby'obusuubuzi mu Amereka, entegeka z'ekitongole (American Medical Association), ne kabuno (AFLNJIO).
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Ebibinja ebikola obukugu[[Act:1] — Ebibiina ebyo byesigamizibwa ku nkola emu ey'enjawulo, gamba ng'enkwalo ya emmundu (National Rifle Association) oba eddembe erivamu okuggyamu embuto (NARAL Proprecies America).
  • Ebibinja ebigendera ku nkola eya [[NKULULA][[NKULU:1]] — bitegeeza ekiwandikiro ekitegeeza ekibiina ekirimu abantu abangi oba obuwangwa, gamba nga NAACP (obusobozi bw'Abamerika ab'omu Afirika), AARP (abakulu mu Amereka), oba ekitongole ekikola ku bakazi (eddembe ly'abakazi).

Omuwendo gw’Ekibiina ky’Abakabakaba mu Ntegeka y’Akakiiko k’Akakiiko k’Eddwaliro

Ebibinja ebigoberera enkola ya demokulase bikola ebintu bingi nnyo mu nsi.

  • [[AKMENTI:0] 'FLT'] Ekirala kitegeeza:[ Ebibinja by'obuwagizi b'abantu byeyongera okwanganga amaloboozi g'abantu ababeera mu bifo ebya waggulu oba abantu abayinza okubuusibwa amaaso mu bifo eby'obufuzi. Bakakasa nti abantu ab'enjawulo ez'enjawulo, --emirundi egisinga bawulira abantu abakkiriziddwa mu matu era ne mu kulonda.
  • [[[NKULULA]] Akawayiro ' Amakanisa mangi gakozesa bannasayansi, bannamateeka, n'abaateekawo amateeka. Okumanya kuno kusobozesa abakwasi b'amateeka okuteekawo lipoota ez'ebyuma, alipoota ez'eby'obukulembezi, n'obukawulu bw'amateeka ebitegeeza okulabirako n'okutereezebwa kw'amateeka.
  • [[NKULA]] : Ebibinja biraanyirizibwa okukubiriza abatuuze okwogera n'ababaka baabwe, okugenda mu Bizimbe by'obubuga, okwenyigira mu kwekajjanya, n'okulonda. Okupikirizibwa kuno kubaako abakungu baabwo be bavunaanyizibwa era kusobola okulemesa ekiwandiiko eky'amateeka.
  • [[[NKULA]] Amakonkono n'obukulembeze: Ebibinja ebinoonya obusawo biyinjabibibibinda okuyitira mu buli ddi lwe bituukiriza ekiragiro ekya sistemumu(* era ne kuva ku kakiiko n'ereetawo obululu obwa mu nsengeka ku kifo.] Era alipoota ekwata ku ngeri abateesiteesi gye balondamu. Okulaba okwo kuyamba abakulembedde okumanya ebifa ku bayiti 76 era n'okuziyiza ebikwata ku nkola y'ekitongole ekyo.

Awatali bibiina bino, enkola ey'okussaawo amateeka yandibadde egobererwa kumpi n'ebyo ebikolebwa gavumenti.

Ebyafaayo: Engeri Ebibinja by’Abayigirizwa Gye Byafuukamu Ensika ez’Okukola Amateeka

Ekibiina ky'omu kiseera kino eky'okulonda abanyazi kyatandikawo mu nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'ekkumi n'esatu mu kiseera kino. Muckrakers ne baaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ze gamba nga Upton Sinclair, Jane Addams, era ne bannassawa b'enkola ez'omu kiseera kino okukakala okulonda abakyala, n'okuwakanya amateeka. American Civil Liberagentiries Union, ebyatandikibwawo mu 1920, ne Sierra Club, ebyatandikibwawo mu 1892, bye bimu ku bibinja ebyasinga obukulu mu kukola. Prevora World War II, yakulabiina z'etaazaamu ebizisokerwako ebiva mu mateeka g'ensimu, ebiva mu ku ku kulembeddembero ne ku magyero g'ensirimu mu United States, ebitongole ebitongole ebikola ebiva mu Amerekaano:[0][5][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3]

Engeri Obukulembeze n’Abakulu mu Kibiina gye Bikolamu Ebikwata ku Bukulembeze

'[[Act:0] Kino kitegeeza nti abantu abakozesa enkola eno baba basobola bulungi okukola enkalala mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Ekimu ku ebyo bye bakola, naye nga balaba nti enkola eyo yeeyongera bweyongezi.

Okuzannya Enjawulo

Okusiba ekiba kitegekeddwa kuzingiramu empuliziganya ey'omu butereevu n'abalagizi, abakozi baabwe, n'abakungu b'amatabi. Ebibinja bingi biwa abawagizi abawagizi abawagizi obwanfuze.[1] Emirundi egisinga obungi abo abaaliko ab'ekibiina kya Congress oba abayambi aba waggulu ku abo ababaddeko mu ngeri gye bakolaganamu n'okussaawo ennyinyonnyola. Bakola ennyimba z'amateeka okusobola okuzituuka ku. Bawabula obutundu obwa bannannyini obwa gavumenti, era ne bawandiisa obubonero. Mu Amerika, ensaasaasaasaasaasaasa obusukka mu buwumbi bwa doola 45 mu 20222, nga bwe kiragiddwa .

Okunnyika (Grassroot ne Grasssss okuyima)

Ebibinja ebikola enkola eno bikubiriza abantu okutuukirira ababaka babyo okuyitira mu kaweefube ow'oku simu n'ennyimba ez'amasimu. Grassssss'sss[[ Kino kizingiramu okuwaliriza abantu abalina ennyo obukugu nga bannabyabufuzi.[1] Nga bannabizineesi, abakugu, oba abatuuze abatutumufu abalina enkolagana ne bannaagggyo. Bino byombi bikola ebikakasa obuwagizi bwa bantu okubeesiga abantu abangi okusobola okugula enguyi.

Kaweefube ow’Okulabula eri Abantu

Tubinja tukubiriza kaweefube ow'okulagiriza ebiba bbeeyi, vidiyo, n'ebifulumira mu mpapula z'amawulire, biwandiika abantu basobole okubaako endowooza ku nsonga.Nka kimu ku bino, gamba nga okuwandiika ebbaasa ly'omusolo mu ngeri esikiriza, oba okuguyita “ekituliro eri abagagga” oba amateeka nga“ omussi w'ekirookisi” biyinza okuvaamu amaanyi agaleetera abakwasi b'amateeka okussaayo omwoyo.

Ekizimbe eky’Obutunzi

Tewali kibiina kyonna kiyinza kufuga mateeka amangi. Ebibinja by'eddiini, nga bikola enkola y'obusosoze . Ng'ekyokulabirako, akakiiko ka 'Chestery Federal Bal Bal' kaleeta entegeka ez'enjawulo, enkola ez'enjawulo, ez'okukolera awamu, ez'obukugu, n'okuwagiramu obulembedde. Ab'ekitongole eky'ekika kya gavumenti kayinza okubaamu enkolagana ey'enjawulo. Era kasobola okugatta awamu endagaano eyo ne ka 'Cecustom' okuwagira enkola y'obudde. Kakiiko akakola ku budde obw'ekitongole kya Federal Liventi, gamba nga ke kaleetera abakkenneefube okuko n'okuwagira enkola y'obusosoze obw'obudde.

Okunoonyereza n'Okukulaakulana mu by'Ekwawula Omutego

Abateesiteesi b'amateeka naddala abo abalina abakozi abatonotono, beesigama ku kunoonyereza kuno okusobola okutegeera ebiva mu kussaawo amateeka. Alipoota eno ekubirizibwa ekitongole esobola okukozesebwa okutandikawo ebiwandiiko. “Mandachite for Leadership” ebigobererwa mu mateeka mangi okuva mu kiseera kya Reagan.

Okuvunaana n’Okusalira Omusango Omubi

Obuwanguzi bw'enkola za gavumenti bwe bulemererwa, aguluupu ez'abakulembeze ba mateeka badda mu kkooti. Zikolayo ebyampisi. Zibaamu ensonga mu bufunze, zikomyawo mu kkooti, era zireetawo n'obubonero butereevu (um'ogw'omu NaACP's ligitation obwava mu Brown v. Komiti ekola ku by'enjigiriza[).

Omulimu gw’Okunoonyereza ku Mitawaana

Omusango Egukwata Sierra Kibinja n’Eby’Obutonde

Sierra Club, eyatandikibwawo mu 1892, y'emu ku bibiina ebisingayo obukadde era ebikola obulungi eby'okumanyisa obutonde mu Amerika. Nga kirimu abantu abasukka mu bukadde 3,5, kiwagidde bulungi amateeka agaakyusa enkyukakyuka gamba nga Ceoo Air Act ne Cec Power Plan. Ekibiina kyayo eky'okusiibya n'okuyingiza obuyimba n'okuteekamu obusimu obw'omumu nga “Beyond Coal,” kyayamba okuwummula ebikumi na bikumi na bikumi bya maanyi amalaanyi ~ na 3,50,000 okuzza emitindo gy'akalimu. Ekibiina ekyo era kikozesemba ekizitooto kiziyiza ekizitootaaweebwe ku kisiikiriza kinnel XL.

Ekiyeetezo ky’Abamerika Ekikkiriza Abantu Okugaba Obuddukiro

ACLU yatandikibwawo mu 1920 era n'alwanirira eddembe lya puligansion. Omulimu gwayo gukomye okutaasa eddembe ly'abafumbo ery'enyongeza erina kutwalibwa nga bannabyabufuzi. Okusinziira ku nkola eyo, ereetebwawo okulwanirira eddembe ly'enkalo eribangi eri'abafumbo okusobola okuyisa etteeka lya Orgattiddwa nga Voting Rights Act reconvect ne kawerolment z'abamenyi b'amateeka okuzza obukkujjukujju n'okunoonyereza ku bya gavumenti.

Abakazi Abaziyiza Okuvuga Akamwarimu (MADD) n’Okwewala Obubenje bw’Emiguwa

MADD kyakulabirako kirungi nnyo eky'ekibinja ekimu ekibadde kikozesa obuyigirize obwa waggulu ekyakyusa enkola ya bantu. Yatandikibwawo mu 1980, MADD lobbibbing olw'okuba yali mutamiivu nnyo, era n'ateekawo amateeka agakkirizibwa mu mateeka okugateekamu 21%, era n'okusikirizibwa okulaba nti bakuuma obukaluvu. Obukodyo obwo busobola okugobererwa wamu ne kaweefube w'obuyigirize obwa bulijjo.[1] Obubonero bwabwe busobola okuleetera abaana okuteeka amateeka ku sipiidi, obubajjuzi, era ne kaweefube okujjukirwa.[1] DDIBA, okukendeeza enkyuukanyo eriva mu 50% y'ebidduka by'ebidduka okuva mu 1980. Obuwanguzibo n'obuwanguzi bw'okunywera n'obuto n'obutono ennyo bulaga nti n'obutono obwa bulijjo obusosoze obuva mu ku by'empanoga z'eggwanga.

Ebizibu Ebituuka ku Bannabyabufuzi

Wadde ng’ebibiina by’abafuzi b’ensi birina obuyinza bungi, birina ebintu bingi ebiremesa ab’obuyinza okukola ku bintu ebitali bimu, gamba ng’eby’enfuna, n’eby’obufuzi.

  • [[Act:0] Ebibinja bingi byetaaga obubenje bw'enkumbo, ensimbi, n'ebisabo, ebiyinza okukendeera mu mbeera z'eby'enfuna ezikendedde oba oluvannyuma lw'enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Ebigambo ebizirimu byawulwamu biba 501(c)(3) bye bikugira nnyo mu mirimu gyabyo egy'okusikiririzaamu, nga biwaliriza ebimu okuggyawo enzija z'enkola za gavumenti.
  • transipansication: 'C' nga kyeyongera okugatta ebibiina, kiba kizibu eri ebibiina okuzuula baakiripartisaani basobole okulwanirira ebiruubirirwa byabyo. Obubaka obwaleeteranga abagoberezi okusibya obuwangwa obukyamu ebigambo nga kati butegeeza nti kyere.
  • [[[NT:0] Obusobozi obukyamu n'okunyoomoozebwa: Ebibinja ebimu eby'obuyigirize obwa waggulu bavunaanibwa okuba “abatujju” (ebitiibwa ebisiikuula omuddo) ebisigibwako ebbe. Amakanisa aga bulijjo era agakola ssente zisobola okuwugula ebiseera n'okunyoola emirimu gyabwe.
  • [[NKULULA] Okwegatta ku:[[NKULU:1] Kino kiyinza okuzibuwalira ebikumi n'ebikumi by'ebibinja ebiyingira mu nnyimba z'abantu ku nsonga ez'enjawulo. Enkola ya mikutu gy'empuliziganya era eyinza okuleetera ebirowoozo eby'okukuba amaloboozi waggulu, ng'emirundi egimu kiremesaamu empuku ez'enjawulo.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Amateeka ng'okuyingiza obusobe:[[NKUMBO:1] Kino kyetaagisa lipoota nnyingi. Amateeka aga gavumenti empya gaateeka speeding “okutuuka ku sistemu ez'enjawulo” oba enkola endala ez'ekika kya yo ziyinza okuleetawo ebizibu.

Endowooza Entuufu n’Enkaayana Ebikwata ku Bunafu bw’Abantu

Obuyinza bw'okugolola ekiwagizi mu kifo ekyo buleetera abantu okubuusabuusa obanga kya magezi okulonda enkola. Abavumirira enkola eyo bagamba nti [[FL:0]] Omuntu bw'afuna enkolagana ne munne mu kifo ky'omulembe. Abakola eby'okukola nga bawagidde okusiikiriza abantu okusiimula ekiwayirwako ekiwandikiro oba okuba nga bawagidde okukola omulimu gwa gavumenti oba okubalibwa obukulembesi. Abalala beeraliikirira nti abantu abagagga (emmeses.'awuga w'eddagala ery'eddagala) basobola okuggya enziina enkola y'okuva mu birungi ebikolebwa. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezibaliraakula amangu. Ebitongole ebikola nga ebitongole ebikola ebinoonyeza eby'omuteeso, birezebwa nga birebwa ku mateeka.[FLT][FFFFFFFFForkiveriontingssssss, ebitongole ebitongole ebikola ebitongole ebitongole ebikola eby'omu n'ebitongole ebikola eby'ebitongole ebikola ebyereere ebikola ebikola ebiva mu nsi

Endowooza ez’Omu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Enzikyusa y’Okukyusa Endowooza y’Abalala

Tekinologiya era eyongera ku nkola y'ebitongole eby'eby'obufuzi. Ebitongole bya disikitawufu bisobozesa ebiwandiikizo okukola olukalala olunene olw'ennamba eziba za sistemu, okuteekamu obutundu obutono obw'okuyitako mu nnukuta ez'enjawulo, era n'okubukozesa mu byabusuubuzi. Eby''okukoleramu eby'amaguzi biringa [ ebikola nga [ era ebikolera ku sitaputa ennyimba za ssississi nnukuta] bisobozesa abo abali ku Kakiiko k'awumbi okuka nga bannako akawayiro akategese bye kasobola okumanyisa. Mu kiseera ekyo, enkola ey'okuteeka mu nzivumbo ezisinga obungi zisobola okusobozesa abantu okumanya amateeka agasinga obungi. [[FLT:] Kino kisobozesa ebigerekeberebwa mu nkuŋŋaana empya, oba ebikolebwamu ebipya, nga bye bireeteeyambisibwa mu kawe ate ne mu nkola endala ey'ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitali bya mu nsi yonna.[F]

fundikira

Ebibinja by'abantu ab'enkola ez'enjawulo bye bikola nga bassaawo enkola y'okussaawo amateeka. Biwa abafuzi ab'ebitiibwa eby'enjawulo amagezi, ebiwa abakugu mu by'obufuzi, amaanyi, era ne b'abassaawo amateeka agabavunaanibwa. Enkola zaabwe zennyini.[1]Ebikolwa byabwe, kaweefube, okukuba kaweefube, okunoonyereza, n'okukuba olukunkumulirwa, bibasobozesa okukomya amateeka ku buli mu mutendera, okuva ku kukola obwetaawumbi obw'eby'amateeka. Wadde nga okuteeka mu nkola y'eby'obufuzi, okukyusiza mu by'obufuzi, n'eby'okufaayo by'empisa bikyemalirawo, byonna, n'obukulu bw'ebyo ebikolebwa mu ku kufuga kwa demokula, ebigenda okubeera n'ebintu eby'okumanyiirabizibwa mu ngeri ey'amaanyi ennyo mu nkola ya gavumenti, ebigenda okumanyisaamu ebiva mu ku nkola ey'enkola y'enkola y'ebitongole, ebikola ey'ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitongole eby'ebitegeke, ebi