Ennyanjula: Egunjibwa

Ofiisi y'ettabi eya United States y'esinga okulabika n'amaanyi mu matabi esatu agaateekebwawo Amateeka. Naye congress bw'awandiika amateeka n'ennyinnyonnyola zaayo, ettabi erya G livunaanibwa okufuga, okugobererwa, n'okuddukanya, era n'okufuga kwa buli lunaku kw'amateeka ga gavumenti. Kye kibiina ekikulaakulana ekikwata kumpi ku buli mbeera y'obulamu bw'Amerika, okuva ku ku bukuumi bw'eggwanga n'obugwira, okutuuka ku bukuumi bw'enkola y'obutonde bw'ensi n'ebyenfuna. Okutegeera enzimba yaabwo, n'obuyinza okusobozesa omutuuze yenna okumanyibwa engeri eggwanga gye lifugamu.

Ekitundu kino kikebera Bbaaza y'Abakungu ba Amerika, era kikebera ddala ebiwandiiko bya Lynst, emirimu gy'abazannyi abasinga okwawulibwawo Prezidenti ne Kabinada, enteekateeka y'obutongole obw'omulembe, awamu n'enteekateeka y'obukugu okusobola okukakasa obanga obadde muyizi, omusomesa, oba omutuuze eyeeteeseteese okubbira amazzi, kijja kusobozesa ebyuma eby'amaanyi ebikola ku mateeka ga Amerika okukuumibwa.

Eddaala ly’Olukiiko: Ekitundu II n’Okutondebwa kw’Obwannakyewa

Ekiragiro kino kisibuka mu Article II ku lukalala lwa Amereka, ekiwandiiko ekifuula ekifo kya Pulezidenti wa United States. Obutafaananako Akatundu I, akannyonnyola mu bumpitivu obuyinza bwa Consert, Akatundu II kagattiddwa mu bigambo. Ekitundu 1 "Obukulembeze" mu Pulezidenti omu, ekissaawo oluteesiteesi lw'omukulu ow'amaanyi, ow'omukulu ow'ekitongole. Kino kye kintu kye baasalawo mu bugenderevu okugaana omukulembeze omu mu bitundu ebitono ebinoonyezaamu ebirengo by'ekibiina.

Ekiragiro kikola ekirango ky'obukulembeze. Ekirayiro kisuubiza nti Prezidenti atuukiriza obutuufu bw'obukulembeze bwa Amereka (omutuuze ow'omu butonde, aweza emyaka nga 35 egy'obukulu, era nti afuga mu kifo eky'okulonda okumala emyaka 14, era nti okulonda tekuliiko kkomo naye kw'otadde n'obuyinza bwa gavumenti. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, okutaputa obusonga ku mateeka kimala. Kkootikkulu kuno kutegeeza nti obukulembeze bw'amateeka obwo bumaze okukolebwa, era nti obutundu obwakasangi obwakamalibwawo obusinga obungi. Akakiiko akasooka kalina akakwakkulizo kalina okutegeeza nti obukulembeze bw'Amerika buleetebwawo obuna obwa nnaabwo obunene ennyo bwe tumanyi leero. Akakiiko akasooka kalina akakiiko akafuzi ak'ekitongole akafuzi akafuzi akafuzi akataano akayitibwa United States States, akayitibwa Contene, ne akarne, era akakiiko akafuzi akafuzi akafuzi ak'omukirnerali akafuzi akafuzi akafuzi akafuzi akakadde akakadde aka aka aka aka aka aka akakadde aka aka aka aka

Okumanya ebisingawo ebiri mu kitundu II, laba [[AK'OMUTUKUMBO] 'FUZIRAtion' of the Constitution[[FULT:1]]

Pulezidenti: Omutwe gwa gavumenti, Omutwe gwa Gavumenti, Omuduumizi wa KGB n'Omuyinja

Pulezidenti wa Amereka akolera mu kiseera kye kimu mu mikutu egitali gimu. Kino kitegeeza omukulembeze w'eggwanga eryo. Omukulembeze bw'akiikirira United States ku buwanjuzi, ebikolebwa ku magye, ne ku nteekateeka ez'enjawulo. y'obuyinza bwa gavumenti, omukulembeze alabirira ekitongole kya gavumenti era n'assaawo emikutu egifuga amateeka. Commaner-in-Chief

Mu ebyo Prezidenti by'awandiika wansi w'Akatundu II mwe muli:

  • '[[NTANDIKA] Emikwaso ku mateeka:[[[AMENTI:1] Omukulembeze alina "kukuumanga amateeka gakolebwe n'obwesigwa." guno gwe mulimu omukulu ogw'ettabi lyonna.
  • [[Act:0] Awalala Amaanyi ag'Okusemba:[[[AKKA]] Nga bagoberera amagezi g'Essomero, Prezidenti alonda abalamuzi, ababaka, n'emitwe gy'ebitongole.
  • [[Act:0] Amaanyi ag'enyongeza:[[AK'AKATANDIKWA:1] Pulezidenti ayogereratanya endagaano ezitakkiriza lukalala lwa baseti bbiri mu nsalo ebbiri okusobola okuzza obululu.
  • [[Act:0] Pradenti K'awo K'obwa Praasa:[ Omukulembeze wa gavumenti ayinza okuwa obusobozi n'okusonyiwa ebibi bya gavumenti (kwaw'empandika) amaanyi agabadde geesigamye ku mateeka mu myaka egyakayita.
  • [[Act:0] Amanya:[ Prezida asobola okussaawo amateeka, okukaka Consert okugenda mu kifo kya fayiro bbiri oba okuzza obutereevu omutemwa gwa trakte.
  • Embeera ya [[NKUMBO:0] Ssament of the Union: Pulezidenti ateekwa okutegeezanga Congress ku mbeera y'obumu buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera era n'okusemba enkalu.

Ebiragiro by'Abalagizi n'Ebiragiro bya Pulezidenti

Ekimu ku bintu eby'amaanyi ebikozesebwa Prezidenti bye bino: ekiragiro eky'okuzikiriza. Wadde nga tekyomenyebwa butereevu mu Mateeka, ebiragiro ebya ba Pulezidenti okuva George Washington bwe byabanga biwa obulagirizi ku ngeri gavumenti gye ziddukanyaamu emirimu gya gavumenti. Ekiragiro kya bannaakyewa kisobozesa abakwasi b'amatwale ga gavumenti okuba n'obuyinza ku gavumenti naye nga tebeetaaga kiwandiiko kya Conseilment. Kyokka, ebiragiro ebyo tebirina kubaako kekereza butaliiko kantu: ebiragiro biteekwa kutongozebwa mu buyinza oba ku Mateeka era bisobola okuvuusibwa mu mateeka oba mu kkooti z'abalamuzi.

Ebiragiro by'abalagizi bitera okukozesebwa okuyisa enkyukakyuka mu bwangu naddala singa gavumenti ebikkibwako ekitongole ekikile. Ebyokulabirako ebitegeerekeka obulungi bizingiramu Emandela n'okutuukirizibwa kw'emitindo gy'ebiragiro ebikolebwa ku ggwanga lya Japan mu kiseera kya Ssematalo II, era n'ebiragiro by'eby'obutonde eby'enjawulo ebyawerebwa abafuzi ab'omu nsi ezakayita. Era bannaakyewa bakozesa [[[FLT:]] mu kifo eky'omulembereza ekibadde kiragiro kya 'FLT'. [FLT] era n'eky'omukiragira ekitongole eky'omu n'omutindo mu ngeri ey'enjawulo ekikola nga kiwandikiddwa mu ttabi. [FLT:] Kino kiyamba mu kubaako bye bawandikiro bino ebikolebwako.

Ekifo kya Pulezidenti mu Bukulembeze

Ng'oggyeko ettendekero, Prezidenti alina ky'akolera ku nkola y'enkola ya ba mateeka. Ekiragiro kyamasaza k'ekyetaagisa Prezidenti okusemba ebikanga ku kiwandiiko kya Consell, era ba Pulezidenti ab'omu kiseera kino bakozesa State of the Union n'empuliziganya endala okussaawo endagiriro za gavumenti. Pulezidenti era bateekamu ebiwandiikibwa [, empandika z'empandika ezassibwa nga bassa omukono gw'amateeka. Empandika zino ziyinza okulaga engeri Prezidenti gy'alina okukakanya amateeka oba okuteeka mu nkola enkyuuka z'amateeka agamu.

Omukulembeze w’Ekibiina: Ebintu Ebibadde Bikwata ku Muzannyo Omulungi

Omukulembeze w'omukulembeze w'ekitongole eky'omu ttabi lya United States y'addirira omubaka ow'okubiri era nga ye asooka mu lukalala lwa prezidenti. Mu byafaayo bingi ebya Amerika, omumyuka wa prezidenti ye yali omukwasifu, era nga gwe mulimu omukulu ogw'okufuga mu lukiiko olukulu era n'okulonda obululu obugatta abawagizi. Kyokka, mu kiseera kino, badayirekita bakulu be babadde bakulu okusingako bannaakyewa abafuga. Emirundi egisinga obungi baweebwa enkola ya kkulu ey'okuva ku bukulembeze, era bakola nga abakungusi b'omukulembeze w'ekibiina n'okukiikirira gavumenti.

Ssaddaaka y'omukulembeze w'omukulembeze w'eggwanga si nnene, naye obukulu bw'eby'obufuzi bweyongedde. Naye, Prezidenti y'akulira Electoral College era akola mu ngeri y'okulonda mu lukiiko olukulu olw'embaga 25 mu nteekateeka y'okuwerezaamu ebiwambiddwa pulezidenti n'okutambula emabega w'amatwale. Mu myaka egyakayita, bakulembeze baateekawo omulimu ogukulembera abafuzi b'obwongo, enkola ey'okussawo ku nsaze, oba ensalo, era batera okukola nga nnannyini bulabirizaawe w'ebifo ebituufu ebimanyiddwa nti bikulu. Ekifo kino kati kitwalibwa ng'ejjinja ek'okulabiina akakulu ennyo erikulu.

Kkanisabuneesi: Alonda Prezidenti n’Ebitongole Ebiddukanya Ebitongole

Kabineti kikabuna ekiri ku mulembe ogwadda eri Pulezidenti George Washington. Kakiiko ako kalimu emitwe gy'ebitongole 15 era n'abakungu abalala Pulezidenti b'asalawo okubaamu, gamba nga Bukulembeze wa Bukulembeze era ne Keekulu w'Ennyumba Omuwaabirwa. Ab'ekitongole kya Kabiina batwala ekitiibwa ky'omuwandiike (okuggyako Omukulembeze w'eggye) era balondebwa Pulezidenti era ne bakakasibwa ekiwandiiko kya Ssemateeka. Omulimu gwabwe omukulu gwa Prezidenti ku nsonga ezibafuga era n'ebitongole byabwe.

Kkaadi teyogerwako mu mateeka; yafuuka nkola ya bulijjo. Abakulu b'ebitongole bavunaanyizibwa okuteeka mu nkola enkola eya gavumenti mu bitundu byabwe byonna, okuva ku kulwanirira oba okukolagana n'eby'obuyigirize era n'eby'obulamu. Empandika mu Ssemakati eyinza okuvunaanibwa mu by'obufuzi, okusobola okukakasa ebyo Pulezidenti by'asalawo. Kkaadinari ekuŋŋaanira bulijjo mu Kisenge kya Kkaadi ebweru wadde nga bingi ku by'amateeka byennyini bikolebwa mu nkuŋŋaana wakati wa baabawandiisi n'abakulembeze.

Ebitongole ebikola ku kiwandikiro ekikola ku kiwandikiro ekiba kiwandikidwa oba ekiwandikiro ekiba kiwandikidwa nnyo

  • .[AK'AWAGIRO] Afuga amateeka g'ensi endala. [[AMENTI:1] Afuga enkola za bannabyabufuzi mu nsi yonna. Syamabanga wa gavumenti y'akulira meyaGUMI.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Ewa Ssente:[[AK'AKA] Kino kifuga engeri y'eby'enfuna, okukuŋŋaanya emisolo (ya IRS), era n'okuwa amagezi ku nkola y'eby'eby'enfuna.
  • [[Act:0] Ekirabo eky'Edda ku 'L': Kiwa Abajaasi ebyetaago eby'okukomya entalo n'okukuuma obukuumi bw'eggwanga. Ssenkudde w'eby'okulwanyisa alabirira Pentagon.
  • [[NKULA] Ekiragiro ekifuga ensala y'amateeka: amateeka aga gavumenti, kikiikirira U.S. mu kkooti, era ne kiddukanya FBI. Emitwe gya Attorney General.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Ebitundu eby'Omu munda:[[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Bifuga ensi, paaki ez'enjawulo, n'eby'obugagga eby'omu nzanya.
  • [[Akatundu:0] Emirimu egy'okuyigiriza:[[[Act:1]] Empuliziganya ezikwata ku kuyigiriza esobola okukozesebwa mu kugobererwa n'okukwasisa programu ez'okuyamba abayizi.
  • [[Akawulu:0] Ebitundu ebireetebwa obulabirizi bw'eby'obulamu n'obuyambi bw'abantu:[[NKULULA]] Kino kitegeeza nti essomero eri'omutunsi oba ery'omu nviromenti linoonyayo obujjanjabi bw'obulamu bw'abantu, CDC, ne Medicare/Medicaid.
  • Mu bitongole ebirala mulimu ebikola ku by’obulimi, eby’obusuubuzi, emirimu, eby'okuzimba, eby'okusula n'okukulaakulana mu mulimu, eby'obutunzi, eby'okukola mu ngeri esobozesa empeereza, enzijanjaba, n'obutebenkevu mu nsi.

Obukulembeze bw'eggwanga lya Federal Bureaucracy: Provices, Commissions, and Independent Bodies

Nga wayiseewo ebitongole 15 ebyo kuliko ekibiina ekikolera ku bukulembeze obwa bulijjo [ ekivaako ebikumi n'ebikumi by'ebitongole, ebikolerwamu ebikolerwako, ebitongole ebitegekedwa, ebikolerwamu ebiwandikiro, ebitongole bya gavumenti. Ebibiina bino byevunaanyizibwa ku kutuukiriza amateeka n'enkola za gavumenti ez'olunaku. Bisobola okwawulwa mu bika bya bika bya bika bya:

  • [[NKULA] Ekirabo: Kye kiri munda mu kitongole ekya K'abiro, nga FBI (mu puligaanye Justice) oba National Park Service (mu nzivvuunuzi y'ekitongole). Ebibiina bino byooyawo eri omutwe gw'ekitongole era ne Prezida.
  • [[NKULA] EKY'OKUKYAMU: Entegeka eteekeddwawo okukolera wabweru wa bitongole ebikola ku by'obufuzi, okusobola okubakuuma obutapikirizibwa okuva ku kupikirizibwa. Ebyokulabirako bitwaliramu ekitongole ekifuga enkola y'eby'obufuzi (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ne Central Intelligence Agency (KIA). Emitwe gyabwe gilondebwa Prezidenti naye gitera okukola ku bigambo ebiteebwawo.
  • Kompyuta ezikola ku bukulembeze: Kitongole eky'enjawulo ekitegekebwa okutegeka ebikolerwamu ebikolerwamu. Bukulembeze bwa kipartistan ekirina ebigambo ebikyukakyuka mu nnyunzi. Eby'okulabirako: Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), Federal Commission (FCC), Federal Tradential Commission (FTC), ne Federal Reserve system.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ekiragiro kino kitera okunenyezebwa olw'obunene bwakyo n'entalo eza bulijjo, naye kikulu nnyo okukuumira amateeka mu nkola kampasi bw'eyita. Ebitundu ebigootaanya bye by'eggwanga'ebikolerwako mu kukola omulimu gw'okussaawo amateeka nga byesigamye ku buyinza bwa sitaaliyo. Enkola eno ezingiramu okuwabula n'okujjuuliriza, n'okutuukiriza ebiwandike ebya mu mateeka. USA.gov etterekero ly'ebitongole bya gavumenti liba liyamba mu kukolera ku bulagirizi.

Ebirala n'Ebigambo Bitagudde Lubege: Okukuuma obuyinza ku ky'okozesa nga bukyali Tebiraba

Abakola olukalala baatya nnyo amaanyi agafuga enfuga, bwe kityo baazimba sisitemu eya checkers n'eb'ongerako mu mateeka. ettabi erya k'otaddewo n'empandika ez'enjawulo. ettabi ery'ekitongole ekikola ku nkola y'ekiwandikiro lirina obuyinza bungi era ne ligattidwa amatabi amalala abiri:

  • [[NKULA]] 'Creatence' -Cembey': Consert eyinza okufuga obululu bwa pulezidenti (nga buli lusensidenti buli lukumi lwasatu ez'aba ssemaka), enkyusa y'en ssente ezikozesebwa (nga mw'otwalidde n'empandika eziwagirwa abafuzi ba gavumenti), okukakasa oba okugaana oba okugaana endagaano, okulabiriza oba okunoonyereza, n'okuggyawo Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, Prente, ne bannannyini bannannyini gavumenti.
  • [[NKULU] 'JUdicial Chess':[[FULT:1] Kkooti ezikola ku bukulembeze zisobola okufuga ebikolebwako, nga mwe muli ebiragiro ebya bannakyewa n'ebiragiro ebitongole, ebikontana n'amateeka oba n'amateeka. Kkooti enkulu erina ekigambo ekikomerera abalamuzi okulaga obutuufu bw'enkola y'amatabi. Omukulembeze w'asala emisango (naddala Kkooti Enkulu) afuga esinziira ku nkola za gavumenti okumala amakumi g'emyaka.
  • [[Act:0] Ek'okukebera kwa bannabyabufuzi: Abantu ba Amereka basobola okulonda Pulezidenti buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ena, nga bawa obukessi obwa demokulase. Era endowooza ya bantu n'ebyo ebifulumira ku mikutu gy'empuliziganya biwaliriza obulambe bw'omukulembeze w'ekibiina.

[[NT:0] Ekisobozo kya Buwagizi mu Lutalo ekya 1973 kye kyokulabirako ekikulu ekiva mu kukakaatika ekigobererwa abakungu ba gavumenti okutandikawo olutalo. Kwetaaga omukulembeze okutegeeza Congress mu ssaawa 48 ez'okuwaayo amajaasi okugattira entalo n'okukugira okugattika amagye ku nnaku 60 nga tewali lukusa. tteeka lyago likyakubaganyisiddwa, naye nga likyasigalamu amateeka agafuga enkola.

Endowooza nti Ebintu Byajjawo Byokka n’Okusoomooza Okuliwo Leero

Braff Break Braff yeeyongedde nnyo okuva ku ntandikwa y'eggwanga eryo, ekiviiriddeko okweyongerayongera mu Disitulikiti ya New Development ne Ssematalo II. Okulabika kwa " ssemateeka" ekitongole ekifuga enneyisa ya bannaakyewa], ekitera okuyogeddwako nga ttabi ery'okuna ery'obufuzi. Okugattikaanya kuno kuleetedde okukuba empaka ku kyekubiira n'ekifo ekituufu eky'obuyinza bwa prezidenkola.

Okusoomooza okuliwo mu kiseera kino kuzingiramu okuyisa abakungu ba gavumenti mu ngeri ey'okuleka enteekateeka y'obufuzi, okukmanya emirimu gya gavumenti, okusobeza obusosoze mu nkuumi z'eggwanga, n'okusalawo okungi ennyo okukoleddwa ebitongole ebikola ku mateeka n'eby'okukuuma abagezi. Pulezidenti w'ebibiina byo byombi bagezezzaako okugaziya obuyinza bwabwe, era oluusi n'okusala emisango oluusi, tekubaako kakwate. Okutegeera ensonga zino kikulu nnyo eri buli muntu yenna ayagala okusala empagibwawo emboozi z'ebyobufuzi ez'omu kiseera kino.

Olupapula olw'ebbeeyi lwa kampuni eyo lukomekkerezebwa: ettabi lya ffilimi libaddeko ku mulembe

ettabi era n'eb'empandika y'ekitongole kino y'esobola okuba ekitebe ekikulu mu gavumenti. Likyusa etteeka lya Consell ne Pulezidenti okukola emirimu, era ne likuuma ensalo z'eggwanga, era ne liwa abatuuze bye lisobola okukola buli lunaku. Wadde nga liyinza okuba lya maanyi nnyo, enteekateeka y'okukebera n'okuteekamu ekipimo. $assoosa awamu n'okulonda nga bitegekeddwa //okukakasa nti obuyinza bw'ensi buvunaanyizibwa eri tteeka era n'abantu. Bwe tuyigira ku ttabi lya Bukulu bwa gavumenti, tetufuna buwagizi bwa gavumenti era ne ku ngeri y'okunnyonnyolamu n'okuteeka mu nkola enzigigo okw'amateeka.

Eri abasomesa n'abayizi nga bategeera bulungi enkola eri wakati wa Pulezidenti, Kabinati, ebitongole, n'ebikebe ebyateekebwawo kkooti z'amateeka, kikulu nnyo okusobola okutegeera engeri eggwanga gye liddukanyizibwamu. Ettabi ly'empandika y'obukwasifu si ndowooza nfu ku bantu abajjukirwa; mulimu gwa buli lunaku ogwa nkumi na nkumi abakolera ku mateeka agafuga demokulase.