Amateeka n’Okutandika kw’Eggwanga Ek’Obukulembeze

ettabi lya gavumenti y'Amerika ek'afuga mu Amerika kye kitundu ekisinga obunene era eky'enkunkunala mu nkola ya gavumenti. Likozesa abantu abasukka mu bukadde bubiri, nga likozesa enkola eya buli mumemba okumanyisa ebikwata ku nkozesa y'enkyukakyuka mu by'enkola ya Amereka. Wadde nga Akatundu II ak'amateeka katandika n'ebigambo, "Amaanyi ga Bukulembeze ga Bumaanyi gajja kuweebwa Pulezidenti wa United States of America," gavumenti y'obukulembeze ey'omulembe guno emanyibwa ennyo esukka mu White era etegeera engeri Prezidenti n'ebitongole bya gavumenti bya Amerika gye bikolamu.

Abatandikawo gavumenti baali baagalira ddala nnyo obuyinza obwa bannaakyemalira. Ebyo ebyakolebwa mu matwale gaafuganga Kabaka George III byabaleetera okubuusabuusa kampuni eyali ow'amaanyi. Wadde nga baalemererwa mu mpagi ezo, ebyo ebyafulumiranga mu mpagi eza kaweefube eza Confederaldenti, byalaga nti kyali kyetaagisa amaanyi n'obumalirivu mu gavumenti. Alexander Hamilton yawaatirizza [[FL:0][FLT] Na. 70[FLT][FLT] [ok'oleka 'onoona oba obuwagizi mu gavumenti ebwe] nga ye nsonga enkulu ennyo mu n'enjigiriza ya gavumenti ennungi. Kino kirimu ku nsonga eno ey'otaaw'omukulu ow'obuyinza mu buyinza n'okugifuga mu Amerekawo.

Ekitundu II: Olwazi lw’Obuyinza

Ekiragiro kino kitongoza ettabi ly'omukulu mu kitundu kimu kyokka, naye enteekateeka zaakyo ze ziviirako okukuba enkaayana nnyingi n'okunnyonnyola mu mateeka. Okwawukana ku mpandikaalo z'amaanyi agaaweebwa Congress mu Katundu I, Akatundu II kawa bumpimpi, era nga kasobozesezza ba prezidenti okwongera mu ngeri ey'enkukunala ekiseera, naddala mu biseera eby'obuzibu.

Okulonda ne Claus mu Bujjuvu

Ennukuta bbiri mu Kitundu II zikola ng'omusingi gwa dekanariyo. [[FLT:] Eraving Claus era ewa omu obuyinza obw'okufuga, n'ateekawo omukulu ow'obukulembeze. Abamu bategeeza nti okuwa Pulezidenti obuyinza obusinga ku obwo obwakulaakulaakulanyizibwa. Faitiriza Claus era alagidde Pulezidenti okukolebwa n'obwesigwa mu mateeka era kino kiwandikiddwawo eky'okukuwanirira ekiragiro era kikozesebwa okulaga nti emirimu gy'obukulu egitali giragiddwawo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutonda ebibiina ebipya n'okuteekawo amateeka agajuliziddwa. Ebiragiro bino biri ku mitima gya buli lukujjunikiti olumu ku bikwata ku buyinza.

Akasaale k’Ofiisi

Ekiragiro kya kiwaliriza Prezidenti okulayirako: "Nkulayirira ddala nga bwe ndituukiriza obutongole bwa Prezidenti wa Amerika era nga nja kutuukiriza bulungi obukodyo bwange, okukuuma, n'okukuuma Amateeka g'omu Amerika. Ekirayiro kino kireetawo obwa nnannyini ku lulwo okusukka ku ku kupikirizibwa kwa gavumenti.

Engeri Abalabirizi ab’Omu Kiseera Kino gye Bakolamu

Prezidenti wa Amerika yambala enkufiira nnyingi, nga buli nkufiira erina amaanyi ag’enjawulo, obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enjawulo n’obubenje obw'enjawulo.

Kizecutivuvupaper size

Ng'omutwe gwa gavumenti, Pulezidenti alina obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okulabirira entegeka ya gavumenti. Kino kizingiramu okuddukanya Ofiisi ya Pulezidenti era ne Office of Managence (OMB). Omukulembeze alonda abakwasiddwa abafuzi abasukka mu 4,000, nga mw'otwalidde n'abasibe b'ekibiina, abamyuka abaawereza n'abakulu b'ebitongole, abasuubirwa okutuukiriza ebigendererwa bya pulezidenti. Naye, obunene bwa gavumenti ekola ebyo bulemesebwawo okuddukanya obukulembeze obwa nnawo, ne kisobozesa abafuzi b'ekitongole okuteekawo ekifo eky'ebyobufuzi obwa bulijjo, ekifuula ekiba nga kisuubirwa okuteeka obwesige mu bannaaweeyambi mu baazo ebikolebwa n'obukulembeze.

Omukulu w’Amiriree mu Ggulu

Prezidenti alina obuyinza obw'enkomeredde ku United States Armed Forces. Obwannaakyemalira oboolyawo bwa kabi nnyo mu mikono gy'omuntu omu. Abatandikawo kino baakwasa Pulezidenti omu owa gavumenti obuvunaanyizibwa okukaka obuteebwa abatuuze b'eggwanga okusobola okufugibwa abatuuze aba bulijjo. Wadde nga Consell alina obuyinza okufulumya entalo, Omukulembeze alina obuyinza okusindika amagye, okukulembera abajaasi, n'okukola entegeka y'obukulembeze. Ekiwandiiko kya Gavumenti ekya 1973 kigezaako okukebera obuyinza obwo nga balagira Pulezidenti ategeezeebwe mu masaawa 48 okuyingiza amatabaganya, naye bannaawe b'amateeka ago gaannyonnyola enfunda n'enfunda n'enfunda.

Okuyasama Okukulu

Omukulembeze wa Amereka y'akulira ekibiina kya Amerika ku siteegi. Omulimu guno guzingiramu okuteesa (nga bagoberera amagezi n'okukkiriza kwa Seketi), okukkiriza gavumenti z'amawanga, era n'okukola endagaano ezifuga enneebakkiriza. Pulezidenti era akola ng'omukulu w'eggwanga mu kussaawo endagaano ezikkirizibwa mu kkooti z'amateeka. Era akulembera ab'obuyinza abagwira era akiikirira eggwanga mu nkiiko enkulu ez'ensi. Okukozesa endagaano z'abakulu mu ntegeka y'obukulembeze kisobozesezza bannaakyewa okuyisa abafuzi mu nkola y'emu mu nkola y'enkola y'emu mu nsi endala, ne basussa mu nkola eya bulijjo ey'okutuukiriza endagaano.

Abalabirizi Abakulu

Pulezidenti alina kinene nnyo ky'akola mu nkola y'amateeka. Ekiragiro kya Lexampyuta kyetaagisa Pulezidenti okutegeeza Congress essomero lya Union state, okuwa omukisa okuwaayo endagiriro za gavumenti. N'ekisinga obukulu, Prezidenti alina amaanyi ga voto, era nga kyakubiri okuziyiza amateeka. Prezidenti era nga yeesigamya ku "Lwriginal" okunnyonnyola amateeka amapya, emirundi egimu akkiriza nti enteekateeka ezibadde zimenya amateeka agamu, ebaamu enseetumibwamu enkasa.

Omukulembeze w’Ekibiina n’Eddoboozi ly’Eggwanga

Ng'oggyeko amateeka ga gavumenti, omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya bannabyabufuzi abatwala obukulembeze. Omulimu guno guzingiramu okusaasaanyiza, okukankanya, n'okuteekawo estuuti. Ate era, Prezidenti alagira ekituuti eky'enjawulo, ekitera okuyitibwa "Ekitebe ekikulu," okubaako kye kikolako ku ndowooza ya bantu, okussa essira ku mikutu gy'eby'empuliziganya, n'okukubiriza abatuuze ku nsonga ezigobererwa. Amaanyi gano ag'enkalakkalira gago gaba kikulu nnyo nga bwe kkulu eri ab'obuyinza obwa bulijjo.

Eby’Okukozesa Obukulembeze

Bannaakyemalira bakoze enteekateeka ez’amaanyi ez’okuddukanya n’okuddukanya emirimu gy’amatabi awatali kukkirizibwa.

Ebifuga Ebiragiro n'Ebigambo

biragiro bya ntegeka bya Prezidenti okussaawo ebiragiro ebyateekebwawo okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti. Balina obuyinza ku mateeka naye beesigama ku buyinza obuliwo. Bakozesebwa okuteekawo enkola, okuteekawo ebitongole ebipya, oba okumanyisa engeri amateeka gye galina okugobererwa. Wadde nga ebiragiro bya maanyi, tebirina buyinza kuteekawo mateeka mapya oba ssente ezisaana. Ate era bayinza okwejjukanya era bayinza okuvuunibwawo n'abakulembeze w'abalonde abava mu kifo eky'okuddira omulimu.

Amaanyi ag’Okulonda n’Okuggyawo

Okutongoza kw'ekibiina kino kibadde kigootaanya eky'okufuga ba pulezidenti. Omukulembeze assawo akakiiko ka kabinaadi, abalamuzi ba gavumenti (nga mw'otwalidde ne balamuzi ba kkooti enkulu), ababaka, n'enkumi n'enkumi z'abakungu abalala ab'omu nkumi, nga baagala okukakasibwa. Amaanyi agava mu lukiiko olwo gabadde gasoosa nnyo. Amaanyi okugaggyamu ekiwandiiko ekya [FLT][FLT]][FLT]]][FLT]]]] [kaanyinyi... [kaanyi nti K'ekibiina kya mu kubaako bye kikolako, era nga kireetaaze ku ku kubaako a deparsenti, ekyo kiyinza okuggyawo emitindo egikireetera okugonjoola ensonga mu ku kubaako ky'okufuga. United States. United States.[FLT: 35][FFF: 35][5][FLT:]

Amaanyi Agaleeta Ennaku

Akatundu II keewa Pulezidenti "Amaanyi okuwa Reprieves ne Pardons olw'empisa za Amerika okuggyako mu Lukiiko olw'obuteefu". Obufuzi buno tebuyinza kulabibwa kako n'enkiiko z'amateeka. Bukwata ku misango egiva mu gavumenti era busobozesa okusonyiyibwa mu bujjuvu, okusalirwa ekibonerezo, n'okusonyiyibwa enzijivu. Amaanyi ago gakozesebwa okutereeza obutali bwenkanya oba okutumbula okuwonya ensi yonna, naye era gayinza okusattulukirwa ennyo nga gakozesebwa ab'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi.

Obukulembeze bwa Federal Bureaucracy: Gavumenti y'Akakiiko k’Eddembe

Enteekateeka y'ekitongole esobozesa ofiisi y'ekitongole ekyo okutongoza n'okugobererwa kw'amateeka.

Ebitongole Ebya Kabini

Ebitongole 15 ebikola ku bukulembeze bikola ekifo ekikulira ekibiina kya gavumenti. Buli muwaabi wa gavumenti bikulira ekitongole kya Attney ekifuga ettendekero lya Omulamuzi. Ebitongole bino bikola ku by'obwannakyewa. Bikola ku bifo bingi nga State, Kkansa, Defense, Justice, Enterce, Agriculture, Areculture, Areat, House and Urban Development, Energy, Education, Veterans Affaits, ne Homeland Secutment. Ebibiina bino bikozesa enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu mu programu.

Ebirowoozo eby'Obwannakyewa

Wabweru wa bitongole 15 waliwo ebitongole bingi ebiwa alipoota butereevu eri Pulezidenti. Bino bizingiramu Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ne Small Business Administration (SBA). Embeera yaabwe ey'okwefuga eraga nti beetaaga obuyigirize obwa nnaakakulu okuva ku bya kampuni, wadde nga basigala nga banywevu wansi w'obuyinza bwa bannabyabufuzi.

Omulimu gwa Bannakyewa

Ekiragiro kino kitegekebwa nga kya kyewa obukulembeze obwa nnawookeera okusobola okukakasa nti obukwanguzi n'obwenkanya bituuka ku bifo ebyangu okubufuga. Bizingiramu Komishoni ne Exchange (SEC), Federal Commission (FC), Federal Tradential Commission (FTC), ne Federal Reserve. Abakod Kkoomintimenti bakola nga bakendeeza, ebigambo ebiba bitegekeddwa mu butali bwenkanya era bayinza okuggibwawo mu nsonga zokka eziba ziko nga Prezidenti y'omulimu oba obutatuukiriza buvunaanyizibwa, nga bwe kyategese mu [FL:0]HREphy ̱ Eccutivel Reservement Burces[FFOL:1]. Olupapula olwo luvanyuma lwokka mu by'obufuzi bw'ondeka bya sh shciasentiance-diance.

Ebibiina bya Gavumenti

Gavumenti ezimu zitegekeddwa ng'enkola ezisobozesa okuteekawo enkola ezisingawo obulungi era n'okumanyisa obulungi emirimu. Bino bitwaliramu ekitongole ekikolera ku makubo mu mulimu, ekirabo (National RailLouve Passel Corporation), n'ekitongole eky'omu Tennessee Muggala (TEES), nga kiri kya gavumenti, byewandisizza ekipimo eky'okwefuga okuva ku nkola z'omulembe n'enkola z'abakola ku nkola z'ekitongole.

Engeri Ezikwata ku Bukulembeze:

Ebibiina ebikola obubeezi tebikola mateeka, naye era bikola enteekateeka mu ngeri gye bigobereramu obulagirizi bw'ekitongole ekifuga emirimu gino.

Weetegereze era n’Okwanukula

Consert bw'ewa ekiragiro, ekiragiro kitera okubeera mu bungi. Ebitongole by'omu APA byetaaga okujjuza obukwasiddwa obwanjuzi okuyitira mu mateeka. Ekiragiro kino kyetaagisa abakwasi b'enkola en'empandika okugoberera enkola eya "amateeka agafuga ennyo": biteekwa okufulumya 'Accounting Register [[FLD]] Register [[[FLLD:1], kkiriza ebyo ebijuliziddwa, lowooza ku bigambo bino, era oluvannyuma ne bifulumya ekiragiro ekisembayo awamu n'ebyo ebiba byakkirimu. Enkola eno "teegisi n'enyinnyonnyola" etegekebwa okukakasa nti omulamwa gw'okulabira, okwenyigira mu ku nsonga z'okusalawo. Bwe bukongobereberye obukola amateeka agafuga gavumenti, obukola amateeka agafuga amatwalidde mu makolero, era n'amakolero ge gaakula okuva mu makolerwamu.

Okukaka n’Okutulugunya

Ebitongole ebikola ku by'obulyi bw'enkola nabyo biwa etteeka erigobererwa. EPA eyinza okusasula empewo olw'okwonoonebwa kw'obutonde; SEC eyinza okuleeta obulyi bw'enguzi olw'okukumpanya okuva ku butebenkevu; okuvunaana omusango gwa gavumenti. Ebitongole bingi era birina abalamuzi ab'eby'amateeka abasala enkaayana wakati w'ekitongole n'ebibiina bya nnakyewa. Okugatta kuno okw'okuteeka mu nkola y'okweyingiza kwa gavumenti, n'okusala emisango mu kibiina kimu kitera okusobya ng'okumenya amatwale ag'amawanga naye okusingira ddala kukkuzibwa kkooti z'ebyo ebiwagirwa gavumenti mu kiseera kino.

Obukulembeze bwa Bukiiko bwa Bukulembeze bwa Federal Bureacracy

Ekizibu ekikulu eky’engeri y’okufugamu mu kiseera kino kwe kukakasa nti enteekateeka ya bannabyabufuzi ey’enkalakkalira etuukiriza ekyo Prezidenti ky’akulembeza.

Okulonda ab’Eby’obufuzi n’Emikkaati gy’Enda

Gavumenti ewa obukulembeze ewa Prezidenti obuyinza okuteeka bannabyabufuzi bonna mu bifo ebikulu mu gavumenti. Mu mwaka gwa 1883, Pendleton Act yateekawo omulimu gwa gavumenti ogugwanira, nga eteeka obutuuti obusobola okujjuzibwa nga bannabyabufuzi. Kyokka, Prezidenti ateekawo obukulembeze obusinga obukulu bwa buli kitongole, nga akakiiko k'eby'obufuzi kakakasizza nti buli kibiina kirina ekitongole ekirina obukulembeze awamu n'obukulembeze. Office kya White House of Presidential Servial bets era n'abawagidde okukikolera mu bifo bino.

Ofiisi y'obufuzi n'enkola y'enkola (OMB)

OMB kye kyuma ekisingayo okuba eky'amaanyi mu kufuga entegeka. Kiteekateeka embalirira ya Pulezidenti eteeka empandika mu buli kitongole n'enteekateeka. N'ekisinga obukulu, OMB ekebera amateeka gonna agateereddwa okuva ku ntegeka okuyitira mu nkola eyitibwa "presentury agement". Kino kikakasa nti ebitongole bituukiriza enkyuukanya enkola ya Pulezidenti n'ebyo ebisoosa. Enziganya z'omulimu gwa OMB zibeera mu Office of Information and Regatation (OIRA), zifuuse ekifo ekikulu eky'okulongoosa mu by'obufuzi.

Obulagirizi n'Okulongoosa Ebintu

Abakulembeze ba kampuni bateekawo enkola y'okusala emisanvu ku ofiisi y'ettabi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omulimu ogukolebwa ku kakiiko akakulira kayinza okukwetaagisa abakungu okwekenneenya ebbeeyi n'emiganyulo gy'ebiragiro oba okuggyawo ebiragiro bibiri ebibaddewo ku buli nkola empya. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ebitongole byonna okuteekawo enkola, era nga kino kisobozesa e White House okuba n'obuyinza ku ttabi.

Okuvunaanyizibwa era n'Okukyusa ku Buyinza

Ofiisi y’ettabi ekola mu nteekateeka ya gavumenti esobola okukuuma obuyinza n’okwewala okukozesa obubi obuyinza.

Obukulembeze bw’Ekibiina

Congress akwasizza enkola y'okunoonyereza. Okunoonyereza okwo kusobozesa Congress okusaasaanyiza ssente, okukomya, oba okukugira emirimu gy'ebitongole ebimu. Obukiiko bwa congression butwala abakungu okukebera ebikolebwa ku bitongole, okutegeeza obuwagizi, n'ebiwandiiko bya bupaayi. Era Olukiiko olukulu olw'amateeka era lukozesa amaanyi galwo ku nnukuta, ekiyinza okukebera obusobozi bwa Prezidenti ku nkola y'obukulembeze.

Okwejjukanya Okusala Omusango

Kkooti ezikola obukiiko zinnaabwo zejjukanya enkola z'abakungu ba gavumenti okusobola okuzigondera nga zigoberera amateeka ga gavumenti. Wansi wa APA, abantu kinnoomu oba ebibiina ebikosebwa ekitongole ekimu, bisobola okugaana. Ssaze'enkiiko zijja kusobozesa ebitongole okusazaamu enkola nga "ya lukalala n'enkyukakyuka" ebisussa ku buwambe oba ebisukka ku buyinza bwa gavumenti. Kkooti enkulu etegeeza ekifo eky'obuyinza obwa nnamba mu buyinza nga [[FL:0] era nga bwe kyeyolekera mu ebyo ebikolebwa nga [[

Ekkessi Ekiri mu Mbeera: Abanoonyereza ku bintu ebitali bimu ne ku disitulikiti GAO

Buli kitongole ekikulu kirina Office of Inspector General (IG) ekikola ng'ekitongole ekikuuma ebizimbe munda, ekikola nga enzivuunula n'okunoonyereza ebisaasaanyizo, obukumpanya n'okuyisa obubi obubi. Ekiragiro kino kisiimula butereevu eri emitwe gy'ekitongole era ne kampala. Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekikola ku by'okulabiriza ssente tekirina kattini kikolera ku kkampuni kireetebwa ku kakiiko akakolera ku k'awula ebitongole. Kikebera ebifa ku nkola ya gavumenti, era kisalawo ku nsonga y'okussa mu nkola y'empaka y'eby'obuyinza obwa k'eggwanga.

Obukodyo bwa Bannamawulire n’Ebya Tebooni

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) ewa abantu eddembe n'okuteeka mu mpapula z'amawulire eddembe okumanyisa ebiwandike ebitongole bya gavumenti, okusobozesa okulambula obulango. Inventificationism enkola y'enkola y'okunoonyereza mu kubikkula empisa embi, obutakola bulungi, n'obusobozi bw'okulonda ebikolebwa ku matabi ga gavumenti. Endowooza ya bantu n'okulonda bye bikola ng'okwekebejja okw'enkomeredde; Pulezidenti oyo afiirwa obwesige bwe bwonna mu bantu afiirwa obusobozi bwe yalina obw'okufuga era ayinza okulondebwa okuva mu kifo ky'obuyinza bwe bukulembeze.

Obutakkaanya mu Bizimbe by’Ettabi Ekkulu

Ofiisi y'ettabi erya Amerika erimu enjawulo. Eno y'ekola nga ofiisi emu yokka, naye era ekola ku mulimu omunene ennyo. Etegekebwa okusobozesa abantu okukola kyonna kye basobola, naye ewagirwa olw'obukebe obw'amaanyi n'amaanyi. Abasomesa, n'abantu, bayizi, n'abayigirizwa, bategeera bulungi ettabi lino. Mu kutegeera nti pulezidenti y'alina obuyinza obw'amaanyi naye nga y'akakasibwa okukulembera, naye eteeka mu nkola y'ekitongole ekifuga, ekiwandikiddwawo mu ngeri esobozesa abantu okukulembera era ekibafuga.