Okutegeera amateeka ga poliisi aganoonyereza ku bulwadde bwa siriimu kikulu nnyo eri abalamuzi n'eri abantu bonna. Amateeka ga gavumenti gayinza okwawukana, ne bwe kiba nti poliisi esobola okunoonyereza ku mmotoka ne ku bifo ebya lukale. Ekiragiro bwe kiba nga kitegese etteeka ery'okuna ku Mateeka ag'okutaano okukkaanya ebiba bitegekeddwa mu ngeri enne, okusobola okutangira abantu obutasangulwa oba okukwatibwa ebibunduukiriri, gavumenti ziyinza okuteeka mu nkola ebiwandiiko byazo ne mu kkooti. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku nsonga enkulu ez'amateeka nga mw'otadde n'enjawulo, nga mw'otadde n'enkyukakyuka ezikwata ku batuuze n'abakungu. Bwe kituuka ku by'amateeka, abasomivumi banna banna mateeka basobola okutegeera obulungi eddembe lyabwe mu mateeka gaabwe.

Enjigiriza z’Eby’Amateeka: Amateeka g’Eggwana n’Amateeka g’Eggwanga

Omuteende ogw'okuna guwa abantu eddembe okuba n'abantu, amayumba, empapula, n'ebiyinza okuva mu kunoonyereza n'okugwa ensimbu, era era nga ebisaanyizo ebyo biyinza okujjawo singa omuntu abaako olukusa olw'okulayirira oba okutegeeza obujulizi era n'okunnyonnyola ekifo eky'okunoonyezebwamu n’abantu oba ebintu eby'okunyagibwa. Kyokka, obukuumi buno tebuliiko kkomo. Kkooti enkulu ey’omu Amerika yakkiriza enjawulo ku kiragiro ekyo, nga bingi ku ebyo ebizingirwamu ku mmotoka ne ku bifo ebya lukalu.

Mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, etteeka lirina okunnyonnyolwa etteeka eririna okuteekebwa mu nkola eyalyo ebeere nga lisobola okuwa obukuumi obusinga ku bw'Omwenda ogw'okuna.Ng'ekyokulabirako, eggwanga ezimu zeetaaga etteeka okuseesa eddiba ekkirizibwa wansi w'amateeka g'eggwanga.Ebirala biwandiikiddwamu amateeka agaawula mu mateeka nga geetaagisa omuntu okunoonyereza oba okuteekawo emitindo emiganzi egyawula ennyo ku nsonga eziyinza okubaawo.

Enjigiriza ekkirizibwa mu nsonga nga Mapp v. Ohio (1961]), egoberera enteekateeka ey'okuna ey'oku Amereka mu ngeri y'ekkumi n'ena mu Kukyusa kwa kkumi na kimu. Naye kkooti z'eggwanga ze zikola ku bukuumi obwa bulijjo obwa bulijjo. N'olwekyo, bannamateeka n'abatuuze bannamuzi bateekwa okwebuuza ku mateeka okusobola okutegeera ensalo zennyini ez'obuyinza bwa poli.

Ebirala Ebiri mu Kasaale Akamu: Eggaali Lyamu Enjawulo Embi

Abasirikale kibeetaagisa okunoonyereza ku mmotoka naye "autol relation" ewa bannassawa ekiragiro eky'okunoonyereza nga tewali bukakafu bulaga nti emmotoka zisobola okuzikyusa. Ekyaw'okulaga emmotoka gye zisobola okukomyawo. Ekyaw'okulaga emmotoka kino kyategekebwa mu Carroll v. United States (125] era ne kilongoosebwa nga wazzeewo ensalawo oluvannyuma, kisinziira ku n'ebisalizo ebiba bya poliisi bye bisobola okuziteeka mu kifo kyabyo. Kyokka, kkooti ezimu zigamba nti, okuwereza kw'emmotoka tekukkiriza kugibwa na kusukka.

Ebintu Ebitera Okukozesebwa mu Kunoonyereza ku Nsonga

  • [[NKULULA] Kyeyoleka bulungi ensonga nga wazzeewo olukusa olukkirizibwa[[[KA]]: Singa omukungu yeetegereza ekibi mu budde obulabika oba n'afunawo ensonga okuva ku nsonga endala yonna, ayinza okuseesa emmotoka yonna nga mw'otwalidde n'amaante agaggaliddwa tekuli bukakafu mu bitundu ebisinga obungi.
  • [[NKULU:0] Kkonsola evudde ku nnanyini y'emmotoka oba omuvuzi[: Okukkiriza kuteekwa kuba kwa kyeyagalire era kuyinza okuvawo ekiseera kyonna. Amagatte agamu wetaaga poliisi okutegeeza omuvuzi waagye nti galina okugaana okukkiriza, wadde nga Kkooti esinga obukulu teragidde kino okubeera etteeka lya mateeka.
  • Kino kitegeeza nti emmotoka esobola okuseesawo okukwatibwa[. Kkooti enkulu yakomako ku kunoonyamu awalala we yakoma mu Arizona v. Gant[2009]] (2009]), nga egamba nti emmotoka esobola okuseebwa okugikwata singa agikwata tagikuumako era nga yeeyongera okusembera awali akasenge k'abasaabatabaali ku kiseera eky'okunoonya, oba nga kya magezi okukkiriza nti emmotoka erimu obujulizi obulaga nti eba yasibye. Ebitundu bitono ebiginnyonnyola emitindo gyayo egigikwatako bisobole okukwatibwa.
  • Embeera eziriwo obunene: Akabi ak'obulamu, okunoonyeza omuntu asuubira okubuvaamu, oba okuzikirira obujulizi obunaatera okugwawo, biyinza okusinziirwako okunoonyereza ku mmotoka nga tekikkirizibwa. Kkooti z'ensi zisinziira ku ngeri obumu bwe butyo, nga n'obumu ku bukakafu obw'enkalu.
  • Kino kikebera[. Empuku bw'eba ewandikiddwa mu mateeka, abasirikale bayinza okunoonyereza ku bintu ebya nnannyini kyo era ne bakuuma enkola obutakwata ku bubbi. Kyokka, gavumenti ezimu zikugira okunoonyereza ku nkola eziragibwa mu ngeri egoberera enkola y'obwannazo era ne zigaana empandika ezisooka okunoonyereza ebiba ku nnyiriri.

Amateeka ag’Okunoonya Gaawukana

Ebitongole bingi birina amateeka amanene okusinga empandika ey'ekitongole enzijjuvu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, California, kibadde kikkiriza okumala ekiseera kiwanvu nti, okusaasaana kw'emmotoka tekuyinza kuba nga kwetaagisa singa emmotoka esigala nga tegikutwala ate nga poliisi yafuna akakwasibwa (Laba Abantu h. Garay[, 2008]). Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti, mu New York, ekyetaagisa okunoonyereza ku mmotoka tekukkiriza kukolebwa nga "okyongerako," kitegeeza nti ensonga eziba teziyinza kuba nga zimala singa emmotoka tegigyawuluza. Texas, ku mukono omulala, kigoberera ekidduka ekyawuliddwa mu ngeri yokka.

Ekintu ekirala ekiviirako emmotoka okusaasaana mu ngeri ey'enjawulo kwe kunoonyereza. Ebitundu ebimu bikendeeza ku bunene bw'ekidduka okusobola okukebera empuku okusobola okulaba obanga ebbeeyi y'emmotoka esobola okuzuula ekituufu.

Okunoonyereza mu Ssaawa: Okusukkuluma kw’Ebitundu eby’Omu Bugazi

Mu bifo ebya lukale, abasirikale basobola okuyimiriramu abantu kinnoomu oba okubabuuza ebibuuzo, naye "bukakafu" bubaawo singa omuntu omutegeevu tawulira ng'ayinza kuva mu mboozi. Wansi w' Terry v. Ohio[[FLT] [[68]], abakungu bayinza okukomako okukeberera okumala akaseera katono singa baba babuusabuusa nti ebikolwa eby'obumenyi bw'amateeka bitambula. Singa omusirikale alowooza nti omuntu alina ekijanjabidde ate nga kya bulabe, ekitono ekifunvu okusobola okufuna ebyokulwanyisa kiba kikkirizibwa. Kyokka, okunoonyereza kwonna okubunoonyereza kusinga profisk kuyinza okukkirizibwa oba okukkirizibwa.

Emitindo gy’Empisa egy’Eby’Empisa Emitala w’Eggwanga

  • [[NKUMBO:0]] Oyinza okuleetera ekiragiro okuteebereza ekiva ku ': Ett''etaaga omutindo ogwa waggulu eri abanoonyereza okusinga "bukakafu obutuufu obw'omu nvirondoozo". Ng'ekyokulabirako, Massachusetts ne Alaska basuubira nti ssemateekateeka wateeka amateeka ga gavumenti we gayinza okukoma, so si nti tewandikeberedde buteekeezizi nti tewandibaddemu kyeremwanguyira.
  • [[NT:0] Ab'obuyinza: Wadde ng'omusirikale akkiriza obutereevu obwa bulijjo singa omuntu aba n'emmutawanya, eggwanga likugira obusaze obutundutundu obutonotono okubuteeka mu mbeera nga waliwo okubuusabuusa okw'akabi. Abalala bakkiriza frisk eyeeyambisibwa mu kiseera eky'omulembeko nga waliwo ekintu ekikkirizibwa okuyimirira, ka kibe nga buli omu yeekebejja.
  • [[NT:0] Contect anoonyereza mu lujjudde: Abasirikale bayinza okusaba okukkiriza okusemba omuntu oba ebintu mu lujjudde, naye obukujjukujju bw'okula ne bwekesesa. Eggwanga ezimu zeetaagisa abakungu okutegeeza abantu obwannannyini bwabwe obutakkiriza kusalawo nga basoose kunoonya; okulemererwa okukola ekyo kiyinza okuba nga kiyamba okuzuula amaanyi ga voluntariyo.

Obulangirizi bw’Ennimiro

Mu bifo ebya lukale, enjigiriza eyo esobozesa poliisi okuwa obujulizi singa ekkirizibwa era singa obujulizi obulagira obusongasonga ku kintu ekyo bweyoleka mangu. Kkooti za gavumenti emirundi egimu zikomya enjigiriza eno singa omukungu akozesa ebifo ebirabika ebitali bya bulijjo oba nga yeeyongedde. Mu ngeri y'emu, "obikkula ebifo'enjigiriza (okuva mu ] Oliver v. United States[FLD], 1984) kyeyava kikakasa nti poliisi esobola okunoonyereza mu bifo ebiri ebweru w'amayumba nga tewali bukakafu bulaga bulaga bukakafu bulaga nti erina bukakafu. Kyokka, abantu batono batonotono bagaana enjigiriza eno mu mateeka ago nga banoonya ebifo ebyabwegasaanyibwa mu bifo ebyabwewunzibwe mu kifo kyamaguzi.

Ebyuma bya Tekinologiya n’eby’Ekyuuka

Mu kiseera kino, okunoonyereza kuzingiramu ssimu ez'omu ngalo, amalaafu, n'ebyuma ebirala. California (2014], kkooti enkulu yagamba nti poliisi bw'eba nga yeetaaza obukwasimu obw'okukebera ku ssimu obuba bukwatiddwa, kubanga ssimu zirimu obubaka bungi obwa bulijjo. Ekiragiro kino gavumenti nnyingi zeetongodde amateeka ga gavumenti, era ezimu zeetaaga olukusaaze nga zisabye olukusalala lwonnaazo ku kyuma kyonna ekya kompyuta ne bwe kiba nga kikkiriza oba nga kyereere omulala kikukolera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, California'ekiragiro kya Kko kya Kkomyusa oba eky'okwerinda ekya bulijjo kirimu obubaka obw'enjawulo ku kompyuta okusobola okufuna obubaka ku bintu okuggyako nga kyuma ekibubwe oba nga kibbiddwa mu bwangu.

Tekinologiya omulala nga GPS, drones, ne layisensi ezikolebwa ku layisensi ekolebwa bannasayansi, biyamba mu kuteekawo ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebikwata ku by'okwerinda. Kkooti enkulu ewandikiddwa mu United States v. Jones (202) (20) eteekawo akakwate akasiimo ka mmotoka ku mmotoka mu ngeri y'okugikeberaamu mu nsengeka ey'okubiri. Okuva olwo, gavumenti nnyingi zikwasizza amateeka ageetaagibwawo amateeka agakkiriza okulondoola oba okukebera empandika y'amateeka. Abatuuze bakube mu bitundu bino bateekwa okumanya nti obukuumi obwo tebuyinza kubeerawo mu buli ssaza, era n'amateeka agafuga ebifuga ebifuga ennyimba.

Ebintu eby’Omuganyulo Ebiganyula Abatuuze n’Amateeka Agateekeddwawo

Eddembe ly’Abatuuze n’Obuvunaanyizibwa Bwabwe

Okutegeera nti okunoonyereza kukkirizibwa kiyinza okuyamba abantu okukuuma eddembe lyabwe. Abavuzi b'emmotoka bwe bayimirira, balina eddembe okugaana okunoonyereza emmotoka okuggyako nga omukozi wa gavumenti alina ensonga gy'abawadde. Kyokka, okugaana kuyinza okwongera ku mbeera oba okuleetawo ensonga endala ezikkirizibwa mu mateeka, gamba ng'okuteebereza okuleeta omutemu oguva mu njaga (ekitera okuba nga tekikozesebwa mu matwale g'ensi agasinga obungi). Abantu mu nsi eyo balina okusigala nga bakkakkakkamu era nga bawavu, nga babuuza oba nga balina ensonga ze baba bakkirizibwa okufulumya oba nga balowooza nti okubunnyiizibwa oba nti okubunoonya okwo kukyamu kuyinza okukolebwa mu kkooti oluvannyuma.

Kyokka, singa omusirikale yeekengera n'abayimiriza, bayinza okukwatibwa okumala akaseera katono. Okumanya enjawulo eriwo wakati w'okusanga omuntu oba okukwatibwa kiyinza okuba ekikulu: okusaba kw'omusirikale okufuna erinnya oba okulwawo ekiwabyo, kiyinza okutegeeza nti agudde ensisibe, era nti omuntu ky'addamu kyesigamye ku mateeka.

Omulimu gw’Amateeka

Abapoliisi balina okussaawo amateeka mangi. Okutendeka abakungu ba kkooti empya era n'amateeka agakwata ku nsonga eza gavumenti, kikulu nnyo okusobola okuziyiza obujulizi era n'okwewala okuvunaanibwa gavumenti. Ebitongole by'omulembe guno bigoberera enkola ezikugira okusinga ezo ezikkirizibwa mu mateeka okukendeeza ku kabi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ebibiina ebimu by'awaka ebimu byetaaga okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okunoonyereza kwonna mu mmotoka ne bwe kiba nga wabaddewo, oba okulagira nti abasirikale bafune ebbaluwa nga tebannakebera essimu ya kompyuta, wadde nga wabaawo embeera eziyinza okusinziirwako obutuufu.

Gavumenti eziwerako zitaddewo amateeka ageetaagisa poliisi okuwandiika ebiwandiikiddwa mu mateeka oba okunnyonnyola ab'obuyinza bwazo mu kiseera eky'okunoonyereza.

Ebyokulabirako Ebikulu mu Mateeka g’Eggwanga: Okwetegereza Obulungi

Okusobola okutegeera engeri ensi ez’enjawulo gye zeetooloddwamu, lowooza ku bintu bisatu ebizingiziddwa:

  • [FLT]: Ekiragiro kya ssemateeka w'ensi n'ebitundu: Controlment (Atect, , Ekitundu 13) kiwa obukuumi obw'amaanyi okusinga obwo obwa Crene Amerekation. Abantu v. Diaz (2011]), Court enkulu destar California esobola okukebera ebifa ku mannya awatali bukakafu mu maaso ga U.S. Kkooti enkulu ekolawo kinoonyereza ku nsonga ezinoonya obanga kikwetaagisa okukebera oba okukkiriza emmotoka singa empalanaagibwa era nga mmotoka zigenda kutambula. California era eziyiza obubwattuuti nga buyimirira okuyimirira mu bifo awantu we wabanga waliwo okuteebereza okuteebereza mu by'enjagatte.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] New York: Kkooti ya New York ey'oku Appils enfunda n'enfunda ennyonnyola nti ssemateeka awalala wawandikiro wakiri okunoonyereza okusobola okuzuula ekintu ekiba kye kyetaaga obwamaguzi obwamaguzi. [[FLT:] ne bwe kiba nti eky'omuguwa w'emmotoka ekyandyagadde abantu bafunebwe mu kifo ekyamaddaaka, ne bwe kiba nga kiremedwa okukebera, oba nga n'ekyuma ekidduka kya gavumenti kya grauput'ebadde kikkiriza enkola y'ekitongole ekikile okukebera ebitiibwa by'abatabaganya. Okugattako, New York ekkiriza okunoonyereza ku buli omulimu ku kulaga nti omuntu agaana.
  • [FLT]]: Texas emirundi mingi egoberera etteeka eryagobererwa ddala gavumenti ey'ebitundu 4 Emperamment. Egyenyi okunoonyereza ku nsonga eziyinza okuba nga zeetaagisa bulijjo kiwagirwa. Kkooti ya Texas ey'Ekibinja ekolera mu Stateal v. Granville [2018] Constitution] state nga tekyetaagisa kkomo lya n'okukebera bubaka ku kompyuta okukebera ebifa ku ssi nkozesa kompyuta okukwatibwa, naye amateeka ga polidi ga'ayinza okugaana obujulizibwamu obubalwamu. Texas era lirina "nnuxlate" enjigiriza ekkiriza obubuutirimu mu kubaako ekibumbe mu maaso g'akabonero singa omukungu akitegeera mangu mangu.

Obuyigirize n’Ebifo eby’Eby’Okuyiga

Okumanyibwa ebikwata ku kunoonya n'okukwasisa amateeka agawalula kikulu nnyo mu kukuuma abatuuze n'okukwata amateeka. Project Kino kiwa obufunze obw'endagiriro ezikuutizibwa ku mukutu gwa kkooti enkulu. ACLU K'AZI K'Eddekuwadde eddembe lyo olupapula lw'awa obulagirizi obw'omuganyulo mu org. Ku bikwata ku mateeka, ku mukutu gwa gavumenti [[FLT:]], olusooka olumu luwandikiro olusooka [ oluwandikiro oluwandikiro olukkirizibwa okuzuula amateeka n'amateeka. Era abatuuti zisobola okutegeeza ofiisi z'obuyambizi mu bifo ebya bulijjo.

Abakwasi b'amateeka basobola okuganyulwa mu nteekateeka ezikolebwa mu kutendeka abakwasi b'amateeka mu ngeri ekkirizibwa mu mawanga amalala agabeeramu emitindo gy'obukulembeze bw'a poliisi era ne mu kutendeka abapoliisi mu by'emirembe (POST). Buli kiseera mu busengeke bw'amateeka okusobola okumanyisa enkyukakyuka eziba zikoleddwa gye buvuddeko awo kiba kikulu nnyo okusobola okukakasa nti okuseesa ebweruzi zikolebwa mu mateeka mu ngeri ekkirizibwa era etuukana n'amakulu.

fundikira

Wadde nga mu Amereka ogw'okuna muwanjufu awawa obukuumi, amateeka ga gavumenti gawa obukuumi emirundi mingi. Buli mukungu n'abasirikale bateekwa okutegeera amateeka ge balina okussaawo okwewala okunoonyereza kumenya amateeka era n'okukakasa nti okunoonyereza okw'omu mateeka kukolebwa bulungi. Abantu bwe bamanya obulungi era ne bakozesa eddembe lyabwe, abantu basobola okukuuma eddembe lyabwe.