Amateeka ga poliisi agafuga empuliziganya n'enkola za bannamerika ab'omu Amerika ab'eggwanga n'ebitundu ebiwanyisifu gakolera mu kimu ku bifo eby'amaanyi ebisangibwa mu Amerika. Obusobozi buno obw'entalo buva ku ntegeka ez'enjawulo ez'obuyinza bwa gavumenti, ez'ebika, ez'enjawulo ez'okufuga, n'enkola z'eby'amateeka. Kino kitera okugeraageranyizibwa ku gavumenti, era kireetawo okusoomooza okusoomooza okutali kumu ku bibiina ebikola ku ku kukuuma obutebenkevu, n'okunyweza eddembe ly'abantu, n'okussa ekitiibwa mu ntegeka ebitongole ebikola ebyo ebiwa ekitiibwa ekiva mu ggwanga.

Omusingi gw’Obufuzi bw’Eby’Obusosoze n’Omumenyi w’Amateeka

Obusobozi obw'okufuga amawanga bwe busibuka mu mateeka ga Amerika, ne mu misango mingi. Kkooti esingayo obukulu mu Convetokee Nation v. Georgia (131] (1831) ebika ebinnyonnyola ng'amawanga ag'omu bufumbo," ebissaawo enkolagana eya gavumenti n'enfuga mu mateeka. Obufuzi buno buwa ebika eddembe okwefuga, okunnyonnyola obutundu bwabyo, n'okufuga ebibanja byabyo mu bitundu byabyo. Kyokka, obufuzi obwo tebulina buyinza bujjuvu ku bika bya ggwanga.

Ekitongole ekifuga enzige (U.S.C.A. 761) n'ekitongole Major Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. 1153) byakulabirako bikulu nnyo eby'amateeka agafuga amawanga, nga gakolagana n'obuyinza oba nga gagootaanya. Kino kisinziira nnyo ku kuba nti gavumenti ebadde n'obuyinza ku Mateeka ga gavumenti 280, engeri y'obumenyi bw'amateeka, ennyimirira y'omubeeyi n'omubeesi (Ensiyaani oba munnaani), era n'ekifo ekiba ky'omulimu (ewagizi, ensi, oba ekigabanyinyi). Kino kisobozesa enteekateeka y'olugendo mu kifo eky'enjawulo mu mateeka gye galabikkulirwa, ne gavumenti z'ebitongole ebigattiddwa, era n'ebigattiddwa mu buli kifo eky'okugatta obutundu ky'amateeka.

Obuvunaanyizibwa Obuva eri Obubi n’Ekirabo ky’Obumenyi bw’Ensi Yonna

Gavumenti ekolawo obuvunaanyizibwa okukuuma obugagga bw'ebika era n'okuleetawo etteeka erifuga amawanga. Mu bwenkanya, kino kikyusa gavumenti okukomyawo ebibi eby'amaanyi ebikolebwa mu Indian Country. Major Crimes Act era kiwa olukalala olw'emisango 15 gavumenti w'ensi w'esobola okussaawo gavumenti singa efugibwa Abayindi mu Buyindi mu mateeka agatali ga Publiki 280. Obusosoze buno butwaliramu okutta, okutta, okunyanyisa, okukwata, okubunyagaa, arson, n'okubbisa. Singa omuyinja w'obumenyi bw'amateeka obwo abaako obuyinza ku ggwanga erinna Buyindi mu ggwanga eritali lya Bulaayansi, mu mateeka g'obuwanjufu (Frease Burcean). Ekiragiro ekitongole ekitongole kya U. ku magnerce kirnero mu nsi, oba mu nsi y'entebe y'entebe y'entebe y'ensozi z'eggwanga.

Emirimu gy’Abafuzi ba gavumenti: Obuguwa bwa Jurisimi

Obuyinza gavumenti bw'ewa ebika tebwenkanankana. Amagye ga poliisi gaawukana okusinziira ku byafaayo by'eggwanga okusinziira ku Mateeka 280 era n'enkyukakyuka ezizze zikolebwa mu by'amateeka ezizze zikolebwa.

Amateeka 280

Mu 1953, Consert yayisa mu mateeka 280, agaakyusa obufuzi bw'abamenyi b'amateeka mu ggwanga okuva ku gavumenti ya India n'ebudda mu gavumenti emu. Gavumenti za Mandatoo mwe mwali California, Minnesota (okuva ku Laki y'e Red Reservation), Nebraska, Oregon (okuggyako Ttuttle , ne Wisconsin (oluvannyuma lw'omwaka gwa 1968). Essaawa zaawera mu ggwanga. Gavumenti zino zaatwala obusokerosokezi bwa gavumenti, era buli lukumbo lwa poli z'awalula obusaze bwa poliisi. Ebibonero bya Poliisi bizingiramu:

  • Poliisi y’ensi erina obuyinza ku kukuuma obusosoze, emirundi mingi nga kyenkana n’obuyinza bwayo mu kitundu ekirala kyonna eky’eggwanga.
  • Poliisi y'eggwanga mu masaza PL-280 emirundi mingi terina buyinza kukakaatika mateeka ga gavumenti ku bantu abatali ba nfuge, ekireetawo enkola ey'ebintu eby'enjawulo.
  • Obusosoze buyinza okubaawo naddala singa wabaawo abamenyi b’amateeka Abayindi abatali ba Bannaddiini gavumenti w’etayinza kuvunaana era nga n’eggwanga teririna buyinza.
  • Oluvannyuma lw'omwaka 1968, kakiiko k'eggwanga lya Isiraeri kaalina okukkiriza obuteebereze obw'okukuba PL-280, naye tewaaliwo buyinza kufuga ggwanga lyonna, era ekyo kyaleetawo obutategeeragana ku ngeri y'okwefuga kw'eggwanga.

Etteeka eritali lya Pakisi 280

Mu bitundu ebisigaddeyo, nga Arizona, New Mexico, Washington, Montana, North Dakota ne South Dakota, gavumenti y'efuga obumenyi bw'amateeka obunene obukolebwa Abayindi oba obukolebwa Abayindi. Eggwanga bwe lirina ennyimirira y'amateeka agatali ga Bannamenti era nga zikolera wamu mu bitundu ebimu nga zitegese amateeka oba obukiiko. Kkooti mu mawanga gano zikwata ku nsonga z'abafuzi wadde nga obuyinza bwabwe obw'okusalira emisango bukoma. Abasirikale ba gavumenti bayingira mu misango mu bitundu bino emirundi mingi kiba kyetaagisa kko okukkirizibwa mu mawanga, oba okugattikkirira ku buyinza.

Okusosola Abamenyi b’Amateeka n’Abafuzi mu Bufuzi bw’Abamenyi b’Amateeka

Eky'enjawulo eky'amaanyi kiri wakati w'obuyinza obufuga ekika n'obufuzi bwakyo. Ekiragiro kino kiyinza okufuga abantu bonna mu kifo kyabwe nga mw'otwalidde n'abo abatali Bayindi, ku nsonga gamba nga okwongeza, okusiiga obutonde, okuyigga n'okuvuba. Naye, enfuga z'abamenyi b'amateeka ku si nzijaamu. Kkooti enkulu efuga mu n'ebitundu bya Buyindiyansi, Sumash, ennivalufu, enneeyisa oba okuvuba. Enkola eno esobozesa ebika by'Abayindiikin'obuyindi nga okusuubira nti amawanga tegalina buyinza kuvunaana bannaanyi abatali banna Bumenti.

Okusalawo Amateeka Amakulu g’Eggwanga n’Ebiragiro Ebikoleddwa mu Musaalaba

Okusobola okukola ku bizibu ebireetebwawo gavumenti, amawanga mangi n’ebika bikola endagaano eziraga nti galina obuyinza era zikolera wamu.

Okutongoza Omusaalaba n'Okulagira Obulagirizi obw'Enjawulo

Endagaano zino zisobozesa abapoliisi ab'ebika okukakaatika amateeka ga gavumenti era ne poliisi ya gavumenti okulaba nti amateeka agafuga amawanga galiwo.

  • [[Act:0]Formal Guadi Actives:[ olukalala lulagibwa n'amateeka g'ensi, olulala bwe luba nga abakungu basobola okukolera ku nkola ya ku ludda olukulu olw'obuyinza obwa Washington's Revised Code (RKW 10.93) kyakulabirako kirungi.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Abakungu ba mateeka baweebwa emirimu okuva mu kika oba mu ggwanga, ne babawa amaanyi ga poliisi gonna mu buli ggwanga nga bwe kiragiddwa.
  • [[Act:0] Aguments ez'omu Nnono: Bikkiriza wakati w'ebiwandikiro oba gavumenti ezifuga ebika oba ebitongole bya kampuni okuwanirira obukwasiro bw'amateeka ebikolebwako, nga mu 911 obusindikira oba obutundu obugatta awamu ebiwandikibwa.

Emikolo egy’Okuyamba Abalala n’Emikago gy’Enzikiriza Egikolera Awamu

Gavumenti nnyingi gataddewo amateeka agakkiriza amawanga okussaawo endagaano ez'eby'obufuzi okugattika endagaano ne gavumenti z'eggwanga. Ebitabo bino bisobola okugatta buli kimu okuva ku buwandiike obw'ekika n'obujulizi obulagira obujulizi ku bintu ebiba bitegekeddwa mu ngeri eterekeddwa wamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, State of Montana yateesa endagaano 638 n'ebika bingi, era ewa ebika okusobozesa okukaka obukulembezi bw'amateeka obwali bukubirizibwa Bureauganda of Indian Affairs (BIA).

Ekitabo Ekikola ku Kumenya Abakyala Act (VAWA) n’Ebikolwa eby’Ettulukufu mu Maka

Mu mwaka gwa 2013, 2019, ne 2022 baddamu okussaawo enkola y'ekika eki'ekika ekimu Bannalukalala mu mawanga. Ogwo gwe mulundi ogusooka okuva , abantu mu bitundu bayinza okukozesa obuyinza bw'abamenyi b'amateeka ku bannaddiini abatali bannaddiini abakola ebikolwa eby'ettemu mu maka, nga bakuba ebikujju, oba nga bamenya amateeka agakugira ebikolebwa mu bitundutundu ekimu. Obwannannyini ekitongole ekiyitibwa Prigiccir Juriscion (SDJ) kiteekwa okugaba ebika bya bannaakyo ebibalirira, nga wa ddembe n'okubuulirira kwa ddembe n'okusala emisango. Gavumenti ekkiriza okugobeewanjula era n'okuyingizaamu ebiwandikiro wakati w'ebiva mu ggwanga erimu ebitongole ebitongole ebikola enzivvubiriranyabiriraa.

Okudduukirira Akatyabaga n’Emigaati egy’Okunoonya Obubuguumizi

Amateeka ga gavumenti tegaawukana ku ngeri gye gandikulembeddemu abantu ab'amawanga amalala. Gamu gakkiriza abakungu ba gavumenti okuyingira mu kifo ekikkirizibwa okukwata abantu mu bwangu nga baakamala okuluubirira okufuna olukusa. Amasaza amalala gaba geetaaga olukusa olw'enjawulo olw'eggwanga oba endagaano ey'obuyambi obubaawo nga tegannabaawo. Era ba poliisi ab'eggwanga okusobola okulwanirira abantu mu nsi ezitali za njawulo, kiyinza okubeetaagisa okukugira okusobola okuddukanyankbya mu bwangu nga bagoberera amateeka ga gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde n'okugobeewandisizza obulango n'okugajja Radiyo, ebyo ebiyinza okukkirizibwa okusobola okukuuma oba okutaawulawo obuwandikibwa.

Obuzibu Obutaggwaawo mu Mateeka g’Ensi ya Buyindi

Wadde nga waliwo enteekateeka ez’amateeka n’endagaano ezikwatagana, wakyaliwo okusoomooza kungi mu Nsi ya Buyindi.

Abantu Abatamanyiddwa era Abatemu

Obuteefuga oba obutassa kimu ku mannya ga baawulamu bitegeererwa ku nsonga enkulu ereetebwawo . Julistional "sood'," 'ekitongole gye kitawanyisizzaamu bukulu bwa 'buyinza okulwawo oba obutakola kunoonyereza. Akakwato akatayinza okutayinza kusigalawo mu 2019 ne [[FLL:] SANNA] kwekomyawo ku kulongoosa kw'okwanjula okumanya ebikwata ku n'okugatta, n'okuddawo mu bitongole bya ggwanga. Amateeka ga gavumenti gaatuukiriza ebirengo by'abantu ababulako n'okuyingira mu n'okuyingira mu nteeko ya MPUP.

Okukuŋŋaanya Ebintu Ebiba Biwandiikiddwa n’Obujulizi Obulaga nti Omusaalaba Gwali Guwa Obukakafu

Okugabana ku mateeka wakati w'ebika, eby'eggwanga, eby'eggwanga, eby'omu kitundu, n'eby'eggwanga okugattika, biremesebwa olw'enkola ez'okukwata amabaluwa, emitindo gy'amatwale ga data egitakwatagana, n'ensonga ezikwata ku bufunze. Amawanga gayinza okukugira okuzuula ebikwata ku nkola z'amateeka ez'ebyafaayo mu kkooti z'eggwanga oba za poliisi, okulemesa okukebera n'okunoonyereza. Ku luuyi olulala, amateeka g'ebitongole ebikola ku mateeka ga Bulaayabulimu gayinza obutakkirizibwa mu bujjuvu nga bannabyabufuzi bannabyo.

Kaweefube mu Kufuna Ensimbi n’Ebizibu Ebiba mu Nsi

Ebitongole ebikuuma amateeka mu ggwanga biba biwaliriziddwa okugeraageranya ne gavumenti ne kampuni ez'omu kitundu. Office of Justice Services ewa ssente naye nga tewabaawo byetaago bya bannakyewa. Kino kiviirako abakungu okusasulwa ekitono, abakungu abawerako, ebyuma ebiva mu ddaala, era n'obukulemberwa butono nnyo bw'eby'obujjanjabi ebikolebwa mu by'eggwanga. Amateeka g'ensi agasobozesa okuwa ssente oba okugoongera obuyambi mu by'enkola y'ebyuma ebitongole eby'eggwanga gayinza okuba n'omuganyulo mu ngeri ennuŋŋamu.

Obukyamu mu Biseera by’Edda n’Obwetaavu bw’Okukuba Obukujjukujju

Ebyafaayo ebiwanvu eby'obwetaavu obubadde buwagirwa, era n'ebyaliwo nga gavumenti ereeseewo ebikolwa eby'ettemu, bireeseewo okuteesiga ab'obuyinza mu mawanga mangi. Amateeka g'ensi agakkiriza obuwagizi obuvuganya obuwangwa eri abakungu, gakwetaagisa okubuuza ku gavumenti z'eggwanga, era gakulembezza okufunira abakungu ba Amerika omulimu omulimu. Okuzimbira ab'obuyinza obutongole omulimu kyetaagisa obukulembedde, era n'okutuukiriza obweyamo obw'okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe.

Okweyongerayo Enkyukakyuka n’Engeri ez’Okukola

Enkola nnyingi ezikoleddwa mu mateeka n’enkola za poliisi zireetera abapoliisi obutakkirizibwa kugenda mu nsi ezo.

Okuvunaana ab’Obuyinza mu Kika ky’Etteeka n’Entegeka

[[NKT:0] Law and Order Act eya 2010 yakkiriza ebika ebiwandikiro nga bituukiriza ekibonerezo nga bituukiriza emyaka esatu oba doola 50,000 okusalibwawo oluba olw'ekibi kimu, era nga wayiseewo emyaka mwenda okuva ku mwaka gumu ogwayita. Ekyo kyeyongerayongera okw'amaanyi okuva ku lukalala olwakayita. Ate era, gavumenti ziteekwa okukola enteekateeka okusobola okumanya n'okukolagana n'okussawo ekirango kino nga kiva ku kkooti z'ebika ebirala nga mw'egguka ebikolerwamu n'ebyo ebikolebwa abamenyi b'ebika oba ebitongole ebikola emirimu egitali mitono.

Okugaziwa kw’Omumenyi w’Amateeka ow’Enjawulo mu Maka Ge Nnyo

Ebika ebikola SDVCJ mu VAWA bwe bitandika okukolebwa. Bino bizingiramu okukola enzijanjaba z'eggwanga ezikwata ku bukuumi, okukuba ebiddukanya amayumba, n'okukola enjawukana ez'amaanyi n'abakolopoota ba gavumenti okusobola okukola ku nsonga eziba zitegekeddwa mu nkola y'obukulembeze. Amateeka g'ensi agakkiriza mu bujjuvu ebiragiro n'enkola ez'okukuzaamu obutundu bisobola okusinzibwa okuviirako aboonoonyi okubonerezebwa.

Omulimu ogukolebwa ekitongole ekikola ku by'amateeka mu Bureau of Indian Affairs Office

Ekiragiro kino kiwa abapoliisi b'ebika ebitali bimu emirimu egikwata ku mateeka mu bifo ebitali bidde oba gye bitakulaakulanyizibwa mu bujjuvu. Okutegeera enkola y'eggwanga n'ebitundu ebifuga amateeka ga BiA mu buli kitundu. Amateeka ga gavumenti agasobozesa ab'obuyinza okugabana ku nsaasaanya z'ensi, gamba nga obulaawuzi n'okutendeka obuyinja, nga ne poliisi y'omu BiA n'ey'ebika bya Buldage ga muganyulo mu mirimu gya poliisi mu Buyindi.

Empeera: Okusalawo Okusobola Okuyingira Obufumbo

Okugattika amateeka g'eggwanga, ebiragiro bya gavumenti, n'obufuzi bw'ekika kya bulijjo, bisobozesa abakwasi b'amateeka mu Amereka okubeera abalondoozi. Ennaku ez'enfuga entonotono zikyaliwo dda, era nga wazzewo obwetaavu bw'okukolagana wakati w'amawanga nga gassa ekitiibwa mu kuganja okw'eggwanga nga bwe kikakasa obukuumi bwa bantu. Kino kitegeeza nti tewajjawo kugondera mateeka ga gavumenti okusobola okuzzaawo enkolagana ennungi n'amawanga agafuga ebika.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ebika byonna okukolagana obulungi nga bikolera wamu, era nga bissawo enzigambo, era nga bitegeera bulungi ebitundu ebifuga ebweru wa buli ggwanga era n'obuwangwa. Bwe bikolera wamu era nga bissa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ery'okufuga, amawanga n'ebika, ne bye bisobola okusobozesa buli muntu okubeera n'obutebenkevu mu nviroyiri n'enviro.