Okutandika Okubuulira Amawulire ag’Obusawo

Ekiragiro kino kiragira engeri abapoliisi gye bakuŋŋaanyamu amateeka, gye bakwatamu, n'engeri gye bakwatamu abantu aba bulijjo. Okutegeera enjawulo eziriwo wakati w'ensonga z'amateeka n'obukwasiro, n'obukwakulizo bw'amateeka agakwata ku bannakyewa. Wadde ng'amateeka g'ensi ga gavumenti nga GDriver’s Les spen Protection Act mu mwaka gwa 1974 gawatulira ddala obukuumi, amateeka agasinga obungi gava mu mateekateekateekateekateeka mateeka. Okutegeera enjawulo zino ez'ekitongole kya gavumenti kyetaagisa nnyo eri abakugunjabibwa abakwasisa amateeka, abakwasisa amateeka, n'abatuuze abaagala okumanya obutuufu bw'amateeka n'obusobo.

Obuzibu obuliwo wakati w'okulabira ku bantu kinnoomu n'okwegamya obwa kompyuta bugenze bweyongera kubanga tekinologiya asobozesa okukuŋŋaanya ebintu bingi. Kamera ez'enjawulo, obutundutundu obukola empandiika eya layisensi, enkola ez'okumanya amaaso, n'ebifo ebiwandiikibwa ku kompyuta bireetawo obubaka bungi nnyo obw'amalango. Amateeka g'ensi galina okuba nga gaakakasa nti poliisi ekyetaagisa okukebera nga bwe kikuuma abantu obutabaako bukakafu bulaga nti bannannyini bulina kye kikola, era n'obutakozesa bubi obubaka obubakwata ku muntu.

Ebiri mu Ebiri mu Biwandiiko by’Amateeka ga gavumenti Ebikyukakyuka

Tekiri gavumenti ezikola ku kumanya kwa poliisi mu ngeri y'emu. ezimu nga California ne New York, ziwandiikiddwa nti tezisobola kuwandiika lipoota nga mugshot, okukozesa alipoota eziba ziteekeddwawo mu nviiri, ne kkooti . Ebirala nga Texas ne Florida, biggumiza empapula eziggulawo n'enkyukakyuka ku bantu, nga tezirina kukugira bingi ebizingirwamu. Enjawulo eno eva ku njawukana mu by'obufuzi, endowooza za bantu, enzikkiriza ebisalibwawo mu kkooti, n'ebyo ebikulembezebwa bannaago.

Amateeka gagobererwa, gamba nga, Insuwalensi y'obulyi bw'ekitongole esobola okukuuma okumanya kw'eddwaliro ne bwe kiba kifugibwa poliisi, era n'amateeka agafuga enkola za poliisi gakuuma eb'empaka. Naye amateeka g'abapoliisi agasinga obungi gasobola okuteeka ku nkola ebyo ebiba bitegekeddwa gavumenti bye ziteekwa okuggyawo singa enkyuuka z'amateeka oba empulizi z'abapoliisi zikontana n'amateeka ga gavumenti. Ekivaamu kiba kya n'obukwasiro mu mateeka mpuni mu ggwanga erimu.

Ebikwata ku Bapoliisi Ebitera Okutegeerwa Amateeka ga Ga gavumenti

Amateeka g’ensi galina bingi bye gasalawo ebikwata ku nnyimba ezo.

Ebintu Ebisobola Okuzuulibwa (PI)

Eggwanga liwerako amannya, endagiriro, ennamba z'abantu, ennamba za layisensi y'okuvuga emmotoka, n'ebitongole ebizikwata ku nkola ya poliisi.

Ebimanyiddwa olw’Abamenyi b’Amateeka

Ebyafaayo biraga nti abamenyi b'amateeka tebasobola kubaako biwandiiko ebiba biwandiikiddwa nga bakwatiddwa, nga bakkiriziddwa, oba nga bateekeddwawo okussaawo ebiwandiiko ebiba biwandiikiddwa ku mateeka. Eggwanga nnyingi tezikkiriza kubaako biwandiiko ebikakasa nti omuntu by'afulumya teyetongodde. Abakozesa n'abannyini nnyumba bwe bamala ekiseera nga bakyamala okuggyamu ebiwandiiko ebiba biwandiikiddwa, n'abalaabye ne babaako be babiteekako kabonero nga bitegekeddwa.

Ebigere n’Okwaza Omubiri

Kamera ez'oku kamera ez'oku sistemu zissizzaamu etteeka erikwata ku bantu. Gavumenti ezisinga obungi zikola ku bufunze amateeka agaago agakwata ku kussaawo empandiika: mu nnyumba zabwekka, nga ziraga abaana abato, nga ziraga bye banyagibwa, oba nga zibikkula ebikwata ku by'ekisawo. Kamera z'abakungu ba gavumenti tezisobola kuteebwawo oluvannyuma lw'okuteebwako olabesoosa wa buli muntu era ziyinza okuzitunuulira (ab'omu maka, obukiiko obulabirizi, oba abantu abalabirizi).

Empuliziganya Ennungi

Ba poliisi batera okukuŋŋaanya emikutu gy'obusimu n'obubaka bwa mmesegi ebibakeberebwa, ebiba bikwatiddwa, n'ebyo eby'abajulizi. Amateeka agafuga engeri empuliziganya gye ziyinza okugobererwamu. Gamu ku gavumenti zeetaaga okuwandiisa kwa njawulo okusobola okuzikola. Ate amalala gakkiriza okuwandiisa olukusa lumu. Okugobererwa kw'amateeka okusobola okutereka obutundutundu (nga sistemu y'ekifo) kifugibwa enkola y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekiyitibwa Veld Communications Act, naye kkooti z'ewandikiddwawo okuteekawo amateeka ageetaanyirizaamu okusobola okuzuula obutundutundu obwa bulijjo.

Data y'ekifo

Ebifo okuva ku ssimu ez'omu ngalo, GPS, n'ebiragiro ebiweebwa abasomi ba layisensi birina akakwate n'obubonero obw'amaanyi.

Etteeka Ery’Eggwanga Ekkakafu: Ebyokulabirako Ebirungi

Gavumenti nnyingi zitaddewo amateeka agakwata ku kumanyisa ebintu ebya poliisi agakola ng’ekyokulabirako mu mawanga amalala.

California

Ekitongole kya California Public Records Act (CPRA) kyanjuluzibwa enfunda n'enfunda okulaba nti ewala n'ebyamaguzi tebiba bya kyewuunyo. Oluvannyuma lwa 2018 “Etteeka erikwata ku muntu kinnoomu”, California kikugira omuntu okufuna obulambe . Ate era gavumenti era egaana okufulumya obujanjabi ku b'akatale mu ngeri esobozesa abasuubuzi okumanya ebifa ku maaso gaabwe.

New York

Mu myaka 2020, ekitongole kya New York ekiyitibwa Civil Rights Law à lackets (Olw'Eddembe ly'Obwesigwa) kyamalibwawo mu 2020, nga kimala emyaka mingi nga kyakwekebwa mu kyama okusobola okuwandiisa obuwandiisi bwa poliisi. Naye, lipoota eziraga empisa ez'obugwenyufu, okukozesa obubi n'okwemulugunya ziggulwawo. Kyokka, New York era ewera eremya okufulumya obusaze bw'obujjanjabi obwa kya kyamaguzi obwa kya kyamaguzi oba okubikkula obubaka obwa kyamaguzi. “New York Acct" (etakkukkiriza) ewandikiromenti y'abatunzi z'abapoliisi mu kifo kya bannaako, naye nga tekinnayita mu ku bantu.

Texas

Texas erimu obulombolombo obw'amaanyi. Act ya poliisi bw'ekozesa okumanyisa emirundi egisinga obungi, okuggyako nga waliwo ekintu ekiyinza okukozesebwa. Ebitundu ebigibaamu ebyo bizingiramu obubaka obusobola okulemesa omuntu okunoonyereza, okweyingiza mu nsonga ezeekusifu oba okuteeka obulamu bw'omuntu mu kabi. Texas era elagira nti omubiri cishe gusumululwa mu kiseera nga waakayita akabenje, nga gulina okutereezebwa. Mu 2021, gavumenti yakugira engeri gavumenti gye yandyekerezaamu amaaso g'omu maaso, ne kiba nga kyetaagisa obujulizi obuwandibwa obw'okulabira akabonero.

Illinois

Ekitongole kino kisalawo nti: “Mu mateeka ga biyo, oba mu bitongole bya poliisi, abapoliisi balina okusooka okukakasa nga tebannaba kulondamu nnamunigina, nga tebannakebera bulabinda oba nga bakuba na nnukuta.

Virginia

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) ewa abatuuze eddembe ery'okutuuka, okutereeza, n'okuggyawo byonna ebiba bizinesi bye baba bategese — naye tekkiririza ddala ku kukwata ku mateeka. Virginia era erimu amateeka agaawukana ku ga poliisi agakwata ku kukozesa data: gakugira omulimu gw'okugisoma ku nnaku 7 okuggyako nga waliwo ekikwataganyizibwa n'okunoonyereza okw'amaanyi, era nga kwetaagisa n'obujulizi obw'ekitongole ekya k'omutoffaali. Mu 2022, Virginia era yawera okumanyibwa mu kamera nga wazzewo akawandikiro.

Obuzibu Bwe Basanga mu Buvunaanyizibwa ku Bapoliisi

Kyokka, si kyangu kukwata nsonga za kyama ne ku kukuuma amateeka nga tegoogerwa.

Ebiruubirirwa by’Okwegatteko.

Amateeka agafuga ebiwambe gaategekebwa okusobola okuvunaana gavumenti olw'ensonga z'eba yakigendererwa, naye okumanyisa ebikwata ku poliisi kiyinza okukosa abantu naddala abo abatasalirwa musango. Eggwanga ezimu zigezeeko okugatta n'empiso nga zikola ebiwandiiko nga zikomyawo “ebigendererwa” — okukkirizibwa okufuna obulagirizi bwa maphepha oba okunoonyereza naye nga kigaana enkola y'eby'obusuubuzi okukozesebwa. Ate endala zisobola okuzzaawo omulimu gw'obutongole, naye nga b'akatabo akayitibwa redaction kagula ssente nnyingi era ne kakola ensobi.

Amateeka Agakwata ku Bukugu

Tekinologiya owa busukkulumanya ku bintu gamba nga eby'omu bwengula, enkola za bannantaneti ezikola nga obusaze, n'obutunuulizi bw'ennombe, bitera okukola mu bitundu ebya k'empandiika eya ssemateeka. Amateeka g'ensi tegeetegese nnyo okuzuula enkola ezo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti ntono nnyo eziragira ddala enkola ezikwata ku data okuva ku bintu ebinoonyezebwa mu bitundu bisatu (umg., ekifo we biviiramu enkola za Internet ez'ebintu) oba ebyo ebisigibwa mu mikutu gya kompyuta. Abawagizi bayita eby'ofissistikissssssssss by'okussa essira ku kumanya ebikwata ku n'okukuŋŋaanya ebintu.

Emisango Egisalibwawo mu Kkooti n’Okunnyonnyola Ebimukwatako

Kkooti enkulu ez'omu California zirina kinene kye zikola mu kukola. Ng'ekyokulabirako, kkooti enkulu mu California mu 'FLT:0] Long Beach Police Association v'aw v'aw'omu . City of Long Beach (2014]) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko by'abasibe tebyabweru tebyasalirwa bumanya; biteekwa okuwandiikibwako. Mu Massachusetts, Kkooti Supper Court yasalawo nti abapoliisi tebasobola kuyingiza data mu kifo ekirimu mu kifo nga tewali bujulizi, wadde nga amateeka ga gavumenti tegaalina bukakafu bwonna.

Ekitundu Ekikkiriza Obusosoze

Bumanyirizi bwa poliisi butera okusangidwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo nga ziyisamu enkola ez'enjawulo (nga Law Endixment Information). Gavumenti erina amateeka agagugubira ku kyama, eyinza okusanga nga mpuku z'obumanyirizo nga zirimu amateeka agamenyese. Interstamentistation ne programues zigezaako okugonjooza kino, naye okugonza enkola ya kika kya. Programume Criminal Information Systems (CJIS) eteekawo emitindo gy'obukuumi obutono naye tegisusse mateeka ga gavumenti agagenga.

Ebikwata ku Mateeka Okugobererwa

Amateeka g'ensi ageetaagisa nnyo mu bitongole bya poliisi. Kaweefube ateekwa okuteeka mu sistemu ezikwata ku ngeri gye biyinza okuzuula ebiba bizingirwamu, okuyingiza ebiba byabunyisibwa, n'okukola empagi ezikozesebwa okukebera ebiba by'awulirwa. Abakugu mu kutendeka ebiyinza okukolerwako, okutereka, n'okugassa awamu ebintu ebirala, naye beetaaga okutendeka mu bujjuvu.

programu za pulogulamu esobola okukozesebwa ennyo. project project byetaagisa okutereka obutereke, ate ne programu eza kompyuta ezikola ku busoke n'obusobozi bwa layisensi, era n'obumanyirivu bwa buli muntu biba bya bbeeyi. Ebitongole ebigaana okugoberera enkola eyo biyinza okusalirwa mu kkooti, obutawaanya ssente, oba obutawa biwagidde bantu kuwagira kitongole.

Wadde nga waliwo okusoomooza kuno, amateeka era gayamba mu kukuuma amateeka, abakungu bamanya ebiwandiiko ebikkirizibwa okukozesebwa. Amateeka agakwata ku bintu ebyamaguzi ne ku bwazo gayinza okukendeeza ku bujulizi obuba bukkiriziddwa, kubanga kkooti teziyinza kuggyamu bubaka obuzuuliddwa nga bugoberera amateeka ageesigika.

Engeri Abatuuze gye Bayinza Okukwata ku Biruubirirwa by’Abatuuze

Abantu abamu tebamanyi bapoliisi kye babakwatako oba engeri y’okukozesaamu eddembe lyabwe. Ng'ekyokulabirako, eddembe ly'okumanya ebigere ku muntu kinnoomu.

Ebirala bingi birina enteekateeka ez'okutaasa abo ababa bakoseddwa PII, naye abo abawagira enkola eyo tebavunaanyizibwa. Okutulugunyizibwa mu maka n’abo abaasigala nga badduukiridde eby’okwetaba bibakosa nnyo, era gavumenti nnyingi ziwa obukuumi obw’enjawulo, gamba nga programu za nkozesa ya nkozesa ya nkozesa ya nkozesa ya nnyina.

Abatuuze nabo balina obusobozi butono okutereeza ebiba bifulumiziddwa. Singa ebbaafu ereetebwawo obubaka obwo buteekebwa ku Intaneeti naye nga emisango gikendedde, omuntu kiyinza okumwetaagisa okwesiga amateeka agagigaana okuggyawo ekifaananyi ekyo. Kino kimwetaagisa okukiggyamu ssente nnyingi n'obudde bwa kiseera. Eggwanga ezimu zeetaagisa okuggya obufoto mu mikutu egiterekebwa ebintu nga tewannabaawo muntu amaze okugaana omusango, naye singa omuntu agigobereza, oba akkiriza agimenya.

Enkyukakyuka n’Omukutu eby’Omu Maaso

N’olwekyo, amasomero g'ensimbi geeyongera okutandikawo n’okulongoosa amateeka ga poliisi agakwata ku nsonga z'ebweru.

Okukyusa Ebikwata ku Ndagaano y’Obutoffaali bw’Obutonde

E Illinois, Texas, ne Washington bataddewo amateeka agakwata ku ngeri gye batambuzaamu obulamu bw'abantu. Gavumenti nnyingi zirowooza nti okusobola okumanyisa engeri gye bakozesamu amaaso gaabwe, kyetaagisa okusooka okukakasa nti ssente eziba zikozeseddwa zikkirizibwa.

Amagezi n’Obulimi Ebiteeberezebwa

Eby'okukozesa AI ebilagula obutundutundu obwakaloosa oba obw'akabi obw'omukitundutundutundu bykesesese. Gavumenti ezimu nga New York ne California, zikozesezza ebbeetus obwetaavu obw'okulambula n'okukebera amalagi akozesebwa poliisi. Amateeka gano gaalagira nti ebitongole bya koppi ebisengeke ebisooka bitegeezebwa obukwasiro n'enkola ey'okulagulamu ebifa ku nkula y'enkola ey'obumenyi obwa shyiro ez'omukitundu ebirengo (umb.t.'enkola enviromenti zino ziremesebwa okukozesa ebifaananyisisitezo ebirebwa obukola ebirengo).

Kabi akali mu by’Okwejjukanya n’Enkyukakyuka mu Bye Tuteerabirira

Ebitongole bya Amerika bituuse ku “teeberezebwa buteeberezebwa”. Okukuŋŋaanya ebyo byokka ebisobola okuyamba mu kigendererwa ekituufu era biggyirewo ddala. Mu ngeri y'emu, Colorado ereetera omuntu obutakozesa layisensi ya layisensi obutagisoma ennaku 90 okuggyako ng'amanyi enjawulo eriwo.

Okupikirizibwa n’Okuteekateeka Obukulembeze bw’Enzikiriza

Wadde nga tewakyaliwo mateeka ga gavumenti agakwata ku kumanyirawo mpuliziganya mpuliziganya za poliisi mu kiseera kino, ekitongole ekikola ku by'amateeka mu nkola y'amateeka kikyeyongera okugalizawo ekitongole kya Criminal Justice Information Systems Security.

fundikira

Amateeka ga gavumenti agakwata ku kumanyisa ebya poliisi n'okutereka ebyama byayo bya njawulo. Gayoleka obutategeeragana obw'amaanyi ku ngeri y'okukuumamu obukuumi bwa bantu, okulabira ku gavumenti, n'okwegattika obwa kinnoomu. Ebitongole ebikwata ku ku nsonga z'amateeka, okuyisa essaawa zino, byetaagisa obuyigirize obwa bulijjo, okukerekereza eby'amakolerwa mu bya tekinologiya, ne kampuni. Omuntu bw'ategeera amateeka ga gano, eba ddaala erisooka okusobola okukuuma eddembe lye era n'okuvunaanibwa poliisi. Eby'obukugunjufu n'okumanyisa abantu gye bikoma okweyongera, amapandero geeyongera okutereeza amateeka gano — nga gafuula omutwe gw'ensonga enkulu mu ku kusala emisango.

Okusobola okusigala nga bamanyi bulungi, abo abasoma ebitabo bayinza okwebuuza eby'obugagga ng'Owumbalo wa Conference of State Legistratures and Data Protection Act, 'SPAU'SPAU'S Paramenti ya mu Mubiri[, ne [[FLT] Conference [[FLT] Conference] Conference of State Policissillament Act [ mu kukola nga ebikolebwako. Buli webuuti wa gavumenti efulumya ekiragiro kifulumya eby'okula emitwe gy'empuliziganya ebiziganya ebizikwata ku banna. Bino biwanjula ewanjula ensonga ezo zisobozesa okunoonyereza mu ngeri ey'eby'amateeka, ne mu ddembe mu Amerika.