Ekiragiro bwe kiba nga kyagwawo akatyabaga, nga(kasaale) era nga kabuyaga, oba nga bannalukalala beebuuza ekibuuzo ekijjawo: ani avunaanyizibwa? mu Amerika, eky'okuddamu tekitegeerekeka bulungi olw'enteekateeka y'ensi eyo. Gavumenti zonna zirina emirimu gye zikola, naye obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe mu kiseera kye kimu era oluusi bukontana. Okutegeera engeri emitendera gino egy'obufuzi gye gikolaganamu mu kiseera kino gye gisobozesa bamanejalaajampani, abakwa b'ebyuma bya mateeka, n'abantu okunoonyereza ku nsonga ez'ensi yonna okuziyingirira ddala.

Enteekateeka y’Ebizibu mu Mateeka

Constitution eya United States etongoza enjawukana mu magatte ga gavumenti y'eggwanga ne gavumenti. Mu mpandika y'ekiwandikiro, gavumenti tezitongodde gavumenti. Gavumenti zitwaliramu “manya” okusobola okukuuma obulamu, obukuumi, n'obutebenkevu mu bantu. N'olw'ensonga eyo, gavumenti y'esooka okweyimirizaawo mu bwangu obw'amaanyi. Gavumenti, gavumenti, nga eyo, etegese, ebitongole, ebiddukiro bya ggwanga, ebiva mu by'obusuubuzi, n'eby'obusuubuzi ebiva mu mawanga, n'obunnabyabunnaggwanga.

Ekiragiro kino kitandika ntegeka ya puloguramu ey'okukwata ebizimbulukusiddwa. Gavumenti ez'omu kifo (ebifo ne b'ebitongole) ze zisooka okubaako kye bikola. Bwe wabaawo okumalirizibwa, gavana wa gavumenti asobola okulangirira ebiwandikiro eby'omu bwangu era n'ateekateeka ebitongole bya gavumenti. Bwe kiba nga ekibamba kisukka ku busobozi bwa gavumenti, gavana ayinza okusaba obuyambi obwa gavumenti okuyitira mu Stafford Act[[FLL:1] Act [yagment] mu 1988, ekiwandikira Pulezidenti okuwa obusoboze ebikozesebwa mu kuteekateeka ebitongole (FFOM) Agency (FMA). Enkola eno etegekeddwawo okukuuma obufuzi obw'obukuumi.

Okumanya ebisingawo ebikwata ku mutemwa gw'enkola eya Stafford Act, laba [[NKULULA] FEMA Stafford Act pulecule

Eby’Okwetikka Gavumenti mu Nsobi

Gavumenti zivunaanyizibwa ku ngeri y'okuddukanyaamu ebibamba ku nsalo. Buli ssemateeka alina ekitongole ekifuga ebibamba (nga mu Texas Division of Emergency Management oba California’s Office of Emergency Service) ekiteekateeka, ekidduukirize, era ekisobola okutereezebwa. Gavana akola ng'omukulu mu kabenje, era alina obuyinza okusindika abawa obulagirizi ku nkola y'ekitongole, okusindika National Guard, n'okusaba obuyambi bwa gavumenti.

Emirimu egy’Akabiraba n’Abo Abasooka Okubaako Kye Baddamu

State ne 'force' bye bisooka okukolako nga '.[FLT]]

Engeri Akatyabaga gye Kaagwawo n'E nteekateeka ez'Okuddawo

Buli gavumenti esobola okukola enteekateeka ez'okusengeka ebiwaazo eby'obudde nga egoberera enkola ekozesebwa ku bakwanaganya emirimu gy'ebitongole (okukyusa, eby'obulwadde, n'obukuumi bw'obutonde). Enteekateeka zino zikolako buli kimu okuva ku makubo g'okuddukanya oba ku byuma ebikwekebwa ne byekweka ne kiviirako ebikoledwa okuggyawo ebisale by'eby'enfuna. Era Amerika etendeka okutendeka n'okukola ebikolebwako okugezesa enteekateeka zaabwe. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya Florida’embali kya Embaliriraa 'Fred Management' kiddukanya enkola eya mu mwaka ku bamanejanti bannazo ez'omukitundu, zzaawuga w'ebyuma ebikolerwa mu bitundu bya gavumenti.

Obulwadde bwa Munno

Ebitongole by'eby'obulamu bikulembera okudduukirira endwadde gamba nga glugule oba KOVID-19. Balina obuyinza okweyawula ku bantu era n'okuteeka abawa abalwadde ab'oku siteesitekiti, okukuba kaweefube ow'okukuba akajanjawulo, n'okugaba obuyambi bw'ekisawo okuva ku kawumpuli y'eggwanga eritwalibwa okuba nga y'omulembe ogutegekebwa mu kawumpuli w'eggwanga. Mu kiseera kya kawumpuli w'ekiwayinja kya COVID, buli ggwanga lyalina enkola yaalyo ku kwekereza, ebiragiro ebireetebwa ku ku kussa ku mabba, n'okuziyirako, nga ebikolerwawo, nga b'obutongole obwa k'obutongole bw'eby'obujjanjabi bukola mu ngeri eraga nti wazzewo mu ngeri ya njawulo.

Ebiyinza Okukolebwa mu Bukulu bwa Gavumenti

  • [[Act:0] State zisobola okugattika ebizingirwamu nga zigoberera endagaano nga zigoberera enkola eya 'Emergency Management Application' (EMAC), ezisobozesa eggwanga okutegeeza abasebenzi n'ebyuma okuva mu bitundu ebirala nga tekuliko kikolwa kyonna kye likola.
  • [[AMERI:0] Amaanyi g'omutuuti:[[FUMENTO] Asobola okusumulula ebiragiro, okukireetera ebizimbe okugula embalirira, oba okutegeka embalirira y'embeera n'enkyukakyuka mu ntegeka z'ewandikidde okusumulula ensawo esobole okuteesawo ensawo ey'obudde obw'ekika kya katyabaga.
  • [[Akawulu:0] Ebitundu ebibadde biwandiikibwa birala nti ebinoonyezebwa mu mulimu gwa Ssente n'ebigattidwa biri:[[Akabonero:1] ebiwandikidwa nga tekunnatuuka essookero oba essaawa ez'oku siteeji birimu ebiva ku mmere oba amazzi oba ebisengekebwa mu ngeri nti bikolera ku siteegi yaabyo.

Obuvunaanyizibwa Gavumenti Ekola Obutongole mu Kabi

Gavumenti tekulembera kabi mu kutwala buzibu mu kifo kyo. Ekiragiro kino kiyamba mu kuwagira n'okuyongerwako steempera n'enkola ey'omu kitundu singa ekibamba kikubisaamu obunene obwa kabenje. Ekitongole ekikulu eky'eggwanga ekiyamba ebibamba okudduukirira abafu kiri FEMA, naye n'ebitongole ebirala bingi biwaayo nga(kuwera ekitongole ekikola ku by'obujjanjabi n'obw'abantu (HS) okusobola okuwanirira obujjanjabi, ekitongole ekikola ku by'obujjanja (DoD) n'ekitongole kya Kko kya GUPUM (DO) eky'okuwagira obuwandikiro.

Okusaasaanyizibwa mu Nsi n’Okuzimba

Ekitongole kino kiwa omukulembeze waakyo amaanyi okulanga “akatyabaga ak'amaanyi” oba“obuteefu,” nga kisobozesa enzijanjaba n'obuyambi obw'enjawulo obwa gavumenti. Ensimbi ezikozesebwa mu disitulikiti zisobola okusaasaanyiza 75% ey'ensi n'ebbeeyi ez'ekifo ebitegekebwa, ebipimo eby'okuddaabiriza, n'okuddaabiriza eby'okwerinda mu by'obwangu. FEMA era ereetera abakozi, ebiva mu mikutu gy'empuliziganya, n'ebintu ebibava mu n'obukola bw'ekitongole obwa bulijjo. Ensawo Eddaawereza obuyambi obuva mu nteekateeka zino.

Okumanya ebisingawo ku ngeri FEMA gy'egabamu ssente, genda ku [[:0] Ekiragiro kino kikebera puloguramu ey'okuyamba abantu bafune obuyambi[[[KAPA:1]]

Okukolagana n’Okuwa Obuyambi

FEMA'''''' 'FOMYOFF' 'FOOFF'' etegeeza engeri gavumenti za gavumenti gye zikolaganamu n'eggwanga, envanzi, n'enva ez'ebitundu bya zo. Ekiragiro kino kiraga engeri ezitegekebwa gavumenti za gavumenti gye zikolaganamu n'eggwanga, envanzi, ne gavumenti ez'ebitundu bya zo. NRF okutandikawo 15 Emergency Sutment Confices (ESFFS), ng'entambula, eby'okubuuziganya, n'okulabirira ekitundu, nga buli kikulemberwa ekibiina ekitegeseddwa gavumenti. Ekitongole kya Nationalawaukiridwa ekifuga enkola y'ekiwandikiro, ekifuga, ekiwandikibwa [[FLT:]][FLT]][FULT]]N] Ekiragiro ekiwandikiro ekiva mu ngeri y'okutegeka ebitongole (FLT:3:3]) ekisobozesa ebitongole byonna eby'omutikyuso okusobozesa okukolebwa. kikola mu ngeri y'emu ey'okufugamu. [FO.[FFF:]

Obukuumi bw’Eggwanga n’Embeera ez’Enjawulo

Mu mbeera ezitatera kubaawo nga zizingiramu obukuumi bw'eggwanga nga jjuuuzibwa bannalukalala oba obutyabaga obwa nukuliya. Enjigiriza eyo ekkirizibwa mu nzijiri eyo era esobozesa abafuzi ba gavumenti okuba n'obuyinza mu ggwanga nga bagoberera enkola ya bannabyabufuzi. Mutuuze era alina obuyinza ku ku bakuumi ba National Guater, okugitwala mu nteeko y'eby'obufuzi okukaka obutongole oba okukola ku ku ku kusoomooza okugobererwa kwa gavumenti.

Obukodyo bw'Obujjanjabi

  • [[AKM:0]CDC ne HHS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biwa obulagizi ku ndwadde, obuwagizi mu bifo ebya bulijjo. Administration for Estec Eventing and Resolution (ASPR) efuga ekitongole kya ' National Stockpile[
  • [[NT:0] Ekiragiro 'National Disaster Medical System':['''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Abasawo, abalongo, ne bannasawo abali mu mbeera ezibasobozesa nnyo obuyambi bw'obujjanjabi obw'omu kitundu.
  • [[NT:0] Gavumenti eteesaganya era n'egabula amajanjala n'enzijivu, nga bwe kirabibwa mu majanjaba n'amajanja agalwanibwa mu SOVOID19.

Okunoonyereza ku Bizibu Ebiba Bizzeewo

Ebyokulabirako ebibaddewo ddala ku nsi biraga vidiyo eri wakati w’eggwanga n’eggwanga.

Omuyaga Katrina (2005)

Kino kyeyoleka kaati nti omuyaga Katrina gulemesezza enkola y'obutujju. Gavana wa Louisiana yali tataddewo nteekateeka yago ku nkola yaagwo mu bujjuvu, era ne kizimbe kya New Orleans kyalemererwa. Gavumenti yasaba obuyambi naye FEMA teyalwawo nnyo okubudduusana, naye yaziyizibwa olw'obukodyo n'obuteetegese. Gavumenti ya Louisiana yavumibwa olw'obutakozesa bulungi bintu bye yali ategese, ate nga ne gavumenti yawaayitibwa olw'obutabaako kakwate ne k'okuva ku kuva ku kuva mukolo FEMA, Congressko, ekyazza ennyo eky'okuva ku ku ku ku nteekateeka y'eggwanga ey'okuteesa n'okuteesa.

“ Katrina yatuyigiriza nti singa obusobozi bw'eggwanga n'obw'eggwanga bugobererwa, okuwanukula kw'eggwanga kuteekwa okutegekebwa mangu ago. Era kyalaga nti eggwanga teriyinza kwesiga Washington yokka kuzimba busobozi bwalyo ku bwabwe.” – Cerculary Research Service Service

COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Obulwadde obwo bwalaga engeri gye bukolamu ebintu. Eraga nti mu Amerika wateekebwawo enkola ez'enjawulo ez'obujjanjabi. Obumu ku buzibu obwateekebwawo, obumu bwasigala buggule. Gavumenti ya gavumenti, okuyitira mu CDC ne HHS, yawa obulagirizi naye nga tegaana bantu mu ggwanga lyonna. The White House yakolagana n'ekitongole ky'eby'obufuzi ekyawandikiro eky'eby'obufuzi mu bitundu ebyo. [ Warp Speed era ne Consellations yayisa ebisalereze obuyimirimu ebiteeyambibwa obuwerako ebiwandisizza ebiwandu ebiwandu ebiwandu ebiwandu ebiwa obuterekebwa ebiwa obuteredde ebiva mu ku by'ekiso. Kyokka, okulemererwa kw'eby'obufuzi okusobozesa okukyusiza obufunvuzibwe mu by'amaga oba okuzibwe. K'ekibiina kya waggulu kya 'FLD:2] products Acts Acts's''''''s prori

Omuyaga Harvey (2017)

Harvey yakolera wamu ne gavumenti ya Texas okunoonyereza ku ngeri omuyaga gye gwakwatamu ensi era n'akolagana bulungi ne FEMA.

Omuliro ogutazikira (2020-2022)

Ekiragiro kino kiraga emirambo gy'ensi mu California, Oregon, ne Washington. Ekiragiro Stockhot Service ya Amerika esobola okuddukanya omuliro mu bizinga bya firiiji eby'enjawulo naye tegikoma ku nviiri za gavumenti. Mu Amerika, kiba kiteekwa okusaba injini ezizikiza omuliro, ebikunukula by'empewo, n'abafuzi b'ebitongole ebifuga. National Multâquency Cooridabinating [ Omuntu okusobola okuweza ebbeesaawo ebintu bino mu biseera eby'obuzibu. Mu bibamba eby'amaanyi, okuvuganyanya mu bitundu eby'omulembebwa ennyo eby'omu nfuna ebikolero, ne byeyoleka obunafu mu n'obusobongera b'obusobo.

Ebizibu by’Ofuna

Wadde nga gavumenti emaze emyaka mingi ng’ekola, essaza n’ab’omu ssaza bafunye ebizibu bingi.

Okukolagana mu Buwangwa n’Okusattulukuka kw’Empuliziganya

Gavumenti ez'enjawulo zitera okukozesa enkola ez'enjawulo ez'empuliziganya. Wadde nga zikozesa enkola za nessimu, tekikyaba kyangu kukolagana. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kiseera ky'omuyaga ogw'omuliro oguyitibwa Michael mu 2018, ebitongole eby'omu kitundu kya FEMA byafuba nnyo okutuuka ku ofiisi ez'oku saasa eza bulijjo olw'okuba amasasimu gaa kompyuta tegafaanaganira ddala. Okuteekateeka ennyingo n'okubitongole eby'okukolera awamu mu tekinologiya kisobozesa okuzibyanika ebifunvu bino.

Obutategeera binaavaamu

Gavumenti ezirina obunene bw'omusolo zisobola okugula ebitongole ebikola ku by'okusasula emisolo, abakozi bangi, n'eb'ebbeeyi ez'amaanyi. Amasaza amaavu naddala ago agali mu Gulf Coast ne Appalchia, gayinza obutasobola kutuukiriza bulungi buvunaanyizibwa bwago n'obumanyirivu mu by'ensimbi okusobola okukola obulungi.

Okuyaayaana mu by’Omulyango ne mu by’Provialism

Mu buzibu, obumenya amateeka ga gavumenti gayinza okujjawo ku mitendera gy'obuyinza obwa gavumenti. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Possitus Act Possitus Act eziyiza okukozesebwa kw'amagye emirundi mingi okugobererwa okw'amateeka, ekiyinza okukalubya ennyo obuwagizi mu gavumenti mu kutabangula emirembe gy'abantu. 'Federal prequased' enzijamu amateeka ga gavumenti era emaze okutongola, ne kkooti ezisinga obusaze obuyinza bw'eggwanga mu bwangu singa tewaba na mateeka ga gavumenti agaawgidde.'eby'obufuzi obwa bulijjo butyongezi nga ga gavana w'ekibiina ekimu agaana obuyambi bw'ekibiina ekirala ekitongole ekimu ekiwagidde obuyambi.

Ekyo Abantu Bonna Kye Basuubira Kikontana n’Eby’Omu Mateeka.

FEMA bw'etatwala mmere oba abakozi ku sipiidi ey'okugaba, abantu batera okunenya gavumenti. Obusobozi buno obw'okwetaaza obujjanjabi busobola okukendeeza ku ngeri gavumenti gy'eyinza okukwatibwako.

Engeri Enkola ya Ssemiteegi gye Eyinza Okulongoosebwamu

Enkyukakyuka eziwerako ziyinza okunyweza okussawo kwa gavumenti ebizibu:

  • [[Act:0] Teekateeka empandika za muwawa ezikkirizibwa:[[FLT]] Kino kiyamba mu kuweza ebiva ku nkola za mmere ey'ekiwandikiro ne kifuula ekyangu eri gavumenti okusaba obuyambi mu bitundu byonna eby'ennyiriri ez'omu ssaza.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Eyongera Presaster Ssenteng: Obungi bw'enkola eya bulijjo obuteetegekebwa, nga Preadaster Mitigation Program[, ekikendeeza ku mmere etwala ebiseera ebiwerako.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Okutendeka Abafumbo mu Ngeri ez'ekika kya Masekkati:[[[AK'AMU] Kino kyetaagisa obutendekero obukola ebipimo ebisukka mu 1,60,000.
  • [[AK'AMUT:0] Ekirango ky'Ekirango kya Federal Akatyabaga: Yawumbawo ebiseera gavana bye kisemba okutuukirira Pulezidenti, naddala ebibamba ebigwawo obuddiŋŋana nga ekyeya oba endwadde.
  • Ekiragiro kino kiwandika empandika eya '[[NKULU] Ekirawulo mu'' ne '[[KAFUMENTI'] Kino kitegeka ekifaananyi ekya bulijjo ekikolebwako mu mitendera gyonna egiddako nga kikozesa ebinaakimu ne ebinaakomerebwa ebirabika awalala.

fundikira

Ekizibu kyeyambudde mu Amerika si nsonga nnyangu ey'okugoberera “buyinza bw'amateeka. n'obukulembeze obwa si bwe obwa bulijjo. Bwe bugattika obuwagizi obwava mu mateeka, obulongoosebwa olw'obukujjukujjukujju, era n'okugezesebwa olw'ebibaddewo okuva ku muyaga omungi okutuuka ku nnawoozi. Gavumenti ze bakulembeze abaategese, nga bakyusa okumanya kwabwe n'obuyinza obw'omu mateeka, ng'ate gavumenti y'egabawa obuyambi obw'ensonga mu by'ensimbi, obuzimbi, era n'obukuwagira mu by'obukugunjufu bw'ekibamba bwe byetaagisa. Obukodyo obwo bw'obw'otadde ku bibye nga bibyeyambi ebisembe ebigwawo.