Table of Contents
Eddembe ly'okulonda lye lisinga okuba ekisuubizo ekikulu ekya demokulase mu byafaayo bya Amerika, abakazi baagaana olugendo luno olw'obutuuze olw'okumalako obuwanvu. Olugendo okuva ku kumala ddala okulonda olukalala lukiikirira ekimu ku bibiina ebikyasinze okukyuka mu byafaayo bya Amerika, era nga kye kimu ku ebyo ebimaze emyaka mingi nga bimeeberezebwa mu mateeka agafuga Amerika.
Okutegeera [[NT:0]] engeri abakazi gye bawanguddemu eddembe okulonda[ Kino kiraga bingi; kiraga engeri enkola ey'okugoberera enkola za demokulase gye ziyinza okuvvuunuka okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi, engeri kampuni gye ziyinza okukyusaamu era ne kkakwate enkola zaazo, era n'ensonga lwaki leero abantu balwanirira eddembe ly'okulonda. Si ngeri buteerevu y'ebibakwatako mu nkola eya demokulase.
Ensibuko y’Okutafaayo kw’Abakazi
Okuva mu Ddiini n’Okwa demokulase mu Amereka Eyasooka
Abataata bwe baalonda olukalala lw'amateeka mu 1787, ekibuuzo ekya eky'abakazi okulonda obusobozi bw'abakazi obwali busaasaanyiziddwa. Obufirosoofo obukkirizibwa ku bakyala obwamanyibwa ennyo olw'okubeerawo ku bakazi [[[FLT:]] obwabanga mu kifo eky'empisa ez'omu maka nga bukuuma abaami bago, nga bakuzaamu omulimu gwabwe omukulu ogw'okukuza abatuuze ab'empisa ennungi, nga tebeegasse butereevu mu buyinza. Enjigiriza eno, nga egattiddwa awamu n'enjigiriza y'amateeka g'Ekingereza [[FLT:][FLT:]] [5]] ekitegeeza omukyala omufumbo gw'omufumbo mu mateeka, obukulembeddwa abagezi abagobeeyambiddwa mu bakazi ab'obukulembedde ku bulamu bwa bbaawo.[FLT:]
[[NT:0] Ebbeetaagisibwa Obusika obwali bwetaagisa mu kiseera kya mannya ag'okulonda. Eggwanga lisinga obungi lyakkiriza okulonda abasajja abaalina ebintu mu myaka 21 egy'obukulu, nga tewataayibwawo bakazi bokka naye era n'abasajja abasinga obungi. Ekyewuunyisa kiri nti enkola eno ey'obwesigibwa ku bintu emirundi mingi yateekawo obukalu. mu New Jersey, siteesitemu 1776 yawa abafuzi b'okulonda "abantu bonna" abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo eby'amatwale gaabwe, mu butamanya nti ebintu ebimu bisaanyizibwa bakazi ab'okulondako okulonda okutuusa mu 1807.
Akadiini ak’Obukazi obw’Amazima
Mu mwaka gwa 1820 ne 1830s, enzikiriza eno ey'amaanyi emanyiddwa nga " Ekitongole ky'Enjigiriza Entuufu" oba "enjigiriza ez'ebusengeke" zaakyusiza. Enzikiriza eno yali egamba nti abakazi baalina emitindo gy'empisa egya waggulu naye nga tebakkirizibwa mu mubiri ne mu magezi. Enjigiriza ez'ekika ekya bulijjo [ zeetaagibwa amaka, ekkanisa, n'omulimu ogw'okugabaabiriramu, ng'abantu bwe baafuga ebika bya bannabyamaguzi ne gavumenti.
Ekyewuunyisa, endowooza eno nti okusiba abakazi okuva ku bantu okusobola okubawa obukakafu mu kusooka, yawa ensonga zaabwe. Bwe kiba nti abakazi baali bakuuma empisa ennungi, tebeetaaga bantu kubaako kye bakolawo okusobola okumalawo obulyi bw'enguzi n'obubi? Endowooza eno yawa abakazi omukisa okuyingiza emboozi mu kibiina okuyitira mu bibiina ebikoma obunene, okukomyawo ebiva ku nkola z'eby'empisa n'enkyukakyuka mu bantu []
Okuzaalibwa kw’Abakazi
Olukuŋŋaana olw’Entalo mu Seneca Falls: Entandika y’Obulokozi
11848 Falls Convention yateeka akabonero ku ntandikwa y'entegeka y'entegeka z'abakazi mu Amerika. Elizabeth Cady Stanton ne Lucretia Mott, bombi abaamanyi obulungi enkola y'okugoba eddembe lya bakyala mu kibiina ky'ensi yonna ekiyitibwa Anti-Horbry Convention mu London olwayo obufaananyi bwabwe, olukuŋŋaana luno lwasembera nga 300 okugenda mu matabi ga New York.
Ekitundu kyafulumya [[Akakiiko k'eby'ekitongole kino] ekiwandiikiddwamu ekiwandiiko ekiwandiikiddwa ku kiragiro eky'okwefuga. "Tutwala nti amazima gano genkanankana. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyalaga nti abasajja n'abakazi bonna baatondebwa nga benkanankana. [Okiwandiiko ekyo kyalaga nti] okwawukana okwawukana ku ku bukulu bw'abasajja mu bukulu bwa babbandiike nga kuliko omutwe gw'abakazi ogufuga olukalala. Mu byonna ebiteesoosookebwawo, abakazi baalabika nga bawakabya buli omusososokezo asinga okusoosa.]
Abakulembeze n’Engeri ez’Okutuukiriramu
Ekibiina ky’abantu abaasooka abaali bagezaako okuleetawo enjawukana ez’enjawulo kyasembera abakulembeze abaakulira mu mbeera ez’enjawulo era n’obufirosoofo obw’enjawulo (naye emirundi egimu kyagabanyizibwangamu) kye kiviirako ensonga eno:
Susan B. Anthony yeewaayo mu kibiina era n'abatizibwa obutayosa. Eyali omusomesa teyawasako. Anthony yawaayo obulamu bwe bwonna ng'agoberera eddembe ly'abakazi era nga kye kisinga okweyoleka. Kampuni gye ne Elizabeth Cady Stanton egatta ebirowoozo bya Anthony n'enonzi ey'amaanyi eya Stanton.
[[Act:0] Amazima ag'ekika kya Sojour, omukazi eyali mu buddu, yaleetawo endowooza ey'okumenyana eyawakanya obusosoze n'ekyama. " Omututumufu gwe ssi Mukazi? Olwayogera mu 1851]
[[NT:0] Obwenyi obwa waggulu bwayamba mu kukwata empaka, ne bukuuma erinnya lye oluvannyuma lw'obufumbo (okuggyamu amakulu g'ekigambo "Obwesige") ng'awagira kaweefube eya gavumenti mu kifo kya gavumenti. Enkola ye yasikiriza abo abaazuula Stanton ne Anthony ewaanyisa nnyo.
[[[NKULULA] Fransas zigatta okusobya, nga zigamba nti abakazi beetaaga okulonda okusobola okukuuma amayumba gaabwe galeme kutuukibwako kabi ka mwenge. Kino kyayongera okusikiriza kw'abakazi ab'eddiini abandibadde abeewaggudde ku ndowooza y'eby'obufuzi.
Obulagirizi, Obuzibu, ne Kaweefube Amaze Ebbanga Ennyo
Enkola y’Okukyusa Endagaano
Oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo eya Kinvir, abawandiisi baasuubiranga nti ekiwandikiro eky'okuyonkana mu langi kyandigasse n'eky'ekikula ekimu. Enkyukakyuka , ezaawanga abasajja abaali abaddu obutuuze n'obululu, zaaleetera abasajja abamu abaali babaddeko mu buddu omukisa era ne batafuna buvannyuma. Omutemwa ogw'okulonda bwe gwakakasibwa ku "balala, langi, oba embeera ey'obuddu ey'emabega" naye obuddu obusa oba obusabibwa obwa bulijjo bwalabika ng'obulyinja bw'obuddu obwali buvuddemu.
Kino kyaviirako enjawukana ey'amaanyi eyasooka mu ntegeka eno. National Women Suffge Association (NWSA), ekulemberwa Susan B. Anthony ne Elizabeth Cady Stanton, baagoberera enkola ya gavumenti era emirundi mingi baagezaako n'obukodyo. American Woman Suffge Association [AWSA], ekikulemberwa Lucy Stone ne Henry Blackwell, baateeka essira ku nyinjagiro ezisingako obunene eza gavumenti era ne baasigala nga bakyakola mu ngeri ezigobega.
Okuva mu Kibiina n’Obujeemu bwa Bannaggwanga
Mu mwaka gwa 1870, abawandisi abamu baagezaako okulonda " New Recenture," nga bagamba nti abakazi baalina obusobozi bw'okulonda wansi w'enkyusa ya 1450 ey'obutuuze obwa bulijjo. Abakazi ebikumi n'ebikumi n'ebikumi baagezaako okulonda mu kalulu aka 1872. Susan B. Anthony yakwatibwa mu Rochester, New York, n'afuuka omulagizi omwatwale. Okuwo kwe kwali, gye yagaanibwa okuwakana obutuufu mu kwewo oluddawo olumu era n'okusasula ssente ezisingako.[FLLWUP]
Kkooti enkulu yatongoza bukonkono obwo mu Mineror v. Happestett.
Obuwanguzi n’Okuziyiza Obuvanjuba
Ekyewuunyisa, [[NT:0] Amereka y'Amerika yafuuka ekitundu ekisooka mu kukwata ebiwaatiro by'abakazi. Ekiragiro kya Wyoming Teriture kyawa abakazi obululu mu 1869, nga kigobererwa Utah Territory (1873), Washington Territory (1883), ne Montanan Territory (1887). Wyoming bwe yafuuka ebweru w'eggwanga mu 1890, yagezaako okukuuma obululu bw'abakazi ne butyolesebwako ne k'okkirizikkirizo nga balekedde mu kkaawuka nga bawalirizibwa okubuleka, nga bagamba nti, "Tuliva mu Unity Tujja ku Macatoo mu kifo eky'okuyita mu mwaka gwa 18909083."
Waliwo ensonga eziwerako ezaaleeta enkuyanja z’Ebugwanjuba:
- [[Akabonero:0] PROGATIOMENTI[[:1] yatwala enteekateeka z'abakazi ezikolebwako mu mulimu gw'okuzimba ebikolebwako mu kitundu
- [[Akatundu:0] Obungi bw'enkalakkalira obwava mu bitundu eby'omubukiikaddyo obwali bugendererwa okusikiriza abakazi okusengukira mu nsi endala
- [[AGUMENTI]] obukozesa obutuuti obwasimba amakanda [[[MUTEE]:1] bukkirizibwa okukozesebwa nga wazzewo enkola endala ez'okugezesa
- [[Akabonero:0] Emirimu gy'abakyala okwenyigira mu by'enfuna[[[NKUMBO]] mu bitundu bya Bulaaya tegyalabika era ne gikkirizibwa
Mu kiseera kye kimu, amasaza g'omu buvanjuba n'ab'obukiikaddyo tegaagomanga. Ebibiina ebikola ku by'obutuuti, ebitera okukulemberwa abakazi abagagga, byagambanga nti okulonda kuyinza okuleetera abakazi okutta amaka, n'okugoonoona emirimu gy'obusajja.
Ekyasa Ekippya ne Kujja kw’Enkomerero
Obukulembeze Obupya Bukulaakulana
Omwaka 1900 we gwatuukira, bapayoniya abaasooka baali bakaddiye oba nga bafudde. Omulembe ogwali gutandisewo gwaleetawo amaanyi amapya n'obukodyo. Carrie Chapman Catt, eyadda mu bigere bya Susan B. Anthony of the National American Woman Saffnge Association (yayiiyakolebwa ne mergnum "AWSA" Plan'"[ obukodyo obwa waggulu ku ngeri y'okutegeka ebitongole ebikola mu ku ntegeka.]]
[[NTL:0] Kino kileetera ekiragiro kino okutandika obukodyo bwa 'FLT' ne Lucy Burns', obwakubirizibwa obukodyo bwa bannalukalala obwa Bungereza, obwatandikawo National Namal’s Party's [ mu 1916]. Baatandikawo enkola ez'enkaayano ezitatera okukolebwa mu Amereka: okulondayo nnyumba enfunja, okusa ebikongooya Prezidenti Wilson, n'okukuba enjala mu makomera. Paul'avubuka, okuyigiriza (yalina diguli essatu), ne kyeyoleka nti ebifaananyi ebiva mu nkola ebya bulijjo eby'okukwata ku kibiina kya Amerekawo.
Ssematalo I: Enkyukakyuka
[[NT:0] Olutalo I olw'ensi yonna lwakyusa okukaanya. Abasajja bwe baagendanga mu bifo ebya lukale ebya Bulaaya, abakazi nga bajjuza emirimu mu makolero, nga bakola nga maneja, era nga batundibwa emirimu gy'amakolero. Empaka ezo zaalemererwa zitya: Amerika yandisobodde etya okulwanirira obwa demokulase era n'egaana kimu kya kubiri eky'abantu baayo okwenyigira mu demokulase?
Olupapula lwa " Siltin Sentinels" lwatandika okulonda House White House mu Jjanwali 1917, ne lufuuka ekibiina ekisooka okulonda ekifo ekitebe ekikulu. Balagule beebuuza ebibuuzo bino: "Muky., Mukulembeze w'ekikade Balina Okulindako Balina Okufuna Entebe?" ne "Kaiser Wilson"", nga batwala Pulezidenti w'omukulembeze wa Bugirimaani. United States bwe yayingira mu lutalo, bangi baatwala okwekalakaazaamu ng'okutaavuna. [[FLT:]] Actriverss, awamu n'abakazi 500 abaasibibwa mu makomera.
Okuwandiisa abantu abaali basibiddwa mu makomera kyanyiiza nnyo. Abakazi okuva mu maka agaatutumuka baayolekagana n'embeera embi ennyo mu kizimbe ky'emirimu. " KUBEENKUBA ey'OBUTULUUZI" nga Noovemba 15, 1917, abakuumi baakuba abasibe era ne babatulugunya. Alice Pawulo n'abalala bwe baakuba enjala, ab'obuyinza baakwatibwa obulumi mu kukuza emmere. Amawulire gano gaaleetera abantu okukwatirwa ekisa era ne batandika okutunuulira ensonga mu lujjudde.
Ebizimbe by’Ettaka
Wadde nga enkola eno yakwatibwa mitwe gy'amawulire, kaweefube wa gavumenti yatuuka ku buwanguzi obw'amaanyi. 1919 we bwatuukira, empewo kkumi n'etaano zaasobozesa abakazi okulonda abakazi mu ntegeka za prezidenti oba prices. Buli ggwanga ery'omu Bugwanjuba okuggyako New Mexico lyalina abakazi abawangudde. Kino kyaleetawo okupikirizibwa okw'amaanyi okw'ebyobufuzi.
[1916] Okulonda okwa Jeannette Rankin[FLT] okwava mu Montana ng'omukazi eyasooka mu Congress kwawa akabonero ak'amaanyi. Bwe yasala akalulu okugaana okuyingira mu Ssematalo I (omu ku 50 ab'Ennyumba okukola bw'atyo), abawakaaw'okugamba nti tekikkirizibwa bakyala mu by'obufuzi. Kyokka Rankin's religinismism ekireetebwawo Abaamereka bangi baakooye mu ntalo.
Omuteende ogw’ekkumi n’Ekkumi n’Emwenda: Obuwanguzi n’Enkomerero Zaabwo
Olutalo Olubaawo mu Nkuŋŋaana Ennene
Pulezidenti Woodrow Wilson, eyali amaze ebbanga ddene ng'awakanya enkola ya gavumenti, yakakasa nti enkyuukamu amateeka mu Jjanwali 1918, era n'agayita ekipimo eky'entalo. Ennyumba yayisa empiso nga buli kimu kya dtaano obunene obwali bwetaagisa.[1] Kakiiko akaaleka mukazi we ng'afudde okulonda. Kkooti yeeyongera okukakakakaluubira. Kkooti yagaana okuterekawo olukalala emirundi ebiri nga bunaayitawo nga Jjuuni 4, 1919.
Olulimi olwangu olw'okukyusaamu lwaleetawo kyekubiira kyalwo: " eddembe ly'abantu mu Amereka okulonda teriyinza kugaana oba okuggalawo gavumenti yonna olw'okwetaba.
Firimu y’Okulongoosaamu
Ekiragiro kino kyasembezebwa mu bitundu 36."Bw'ebitundu bisatu eby'ebitundu ebisatu eby'omu matwale 48 ebibadde mu nkalala z'omulembe guno. Mu mwaka gumu, 35 wakkirizibwa. Olutalo olwasembayo lwaliwo mu Tennessee mu 1920. [[FL:0] Anti-suffrassions ne suffrascriptions byava mu Nashville[[[FLLT:1], nga bawandisizza abawandiisi mu nkola eyamanyibwa nga "Ly War of Roses"",[FUffra limbssss ziyambadde nyusiroso nga n'abalabe nti zaalimu langi ez'omumyufu.
Tennessee akavvulu kaagwa ku [[FL:0] Katriry Burn, mutemu wa gavumenti eyalina emyaka 24 egy'edda eyayambala roozi naye n'atwala ebbaluwa okuva eri maama we. "Hurrah, era n'alonda envumbo." Feb Burnbur yawandiise. "Tokwerabira okuba omulenzi omulungi era oyambeko Mukyala. Catt yaleka '' okumanyisa obululu obwa n'amenya ekikopooti." Oluvannyuma yannyonnyola nti, "Ndondeka bw'amanyi nti amagezi ga maama we bulijjo gandibadde malungi okugoberera."
Ku [[AGUZI:0] August 26, 1920[[FLT], Ssayate wa State Bainbridge Colby yakakasa nti ebimenyese mu Amereka byatongozebwa mu kifo ekya 19 (197:0). Oluvannyuma lw'okumeggana okumala emyaka 72, Abakazi baawangula eddembe erya ssemateeka ly'amateeka okulonda.
Obuwanguzi Obutatuukirira
Ekiragiro eky'okuwerezaamu ekiwandiiko eky'ekkumi n'ekkumi n'emwenda eky'okuyisa ebiwandiikiddwa mu mikutu gya Amereka kyalaga nti omulimu gwakolebwa ku kigero ekitaafunibwa mu nsi yonna[. Obusosoze obwaleetebwawo okusosola mu by'okwetaba naye tebwayamba kugonjoola nkyukakyuka ndala ezibakugira okulonda:
[[NKULA]] Abakazi abafa mu Amereka baayolekagana n'amateeka ge gamu nga Jim Crow agaasazaamu abasajja abaddugavu, okunoonyereza, okulambula emisolo, emitwe gya bajjajja, n'okutiisatiisa. Abakazi abaddugavu bwe baagezaako okukakala mu bukiikaddyo, beesasuza mu by'enfuna, okulwana, oba okutta. [FLT:] Association of Coloracced Flacted [, ebiwandikiddwa Mary Terredll], byawakanya obutali bwenkanya buno, naye nga byandibadde bya makulu byajja kukyusa eddembe lya Kibiina kya Kitongole kya Gavumenti .
Abakazi Abamerika ababaddeko obutuuze tebasobola kulonda kubanga baali tebatwalibwa ng'abatuuze okutuusa nga akakwate ka Buyindi Cotituration ka 1924, era n'okutuusa mu kiseera ekyo, amawanga mangi gaazuula engeri gye gayinza okuziyizaamu okwenyigira mu ntalo okutuusa mu myaka gya 1960. Eggwanga ezimu zaagambanga nti bannaggwanga ab'Amerika abaali mu ggwanga gye baali tebabeeramu baali tebakkirizibwa kutuuka ku bantu; ate ebirala byabeetaagisanga okuleka enkolagana zaabwe ne ggwanga lyabwe.
Abakazi Abayisirayiri Abaasiya baasoberwa obutuuze obwava ku langi. Ekiragiro kya Buchayina Exclussion Act mu 1882 ne ku mateeka agaddirira byalemesa abasenze ba Asiya bangi okufuuka abatuuze mu Amerika okufuuka abatuuze, era bwe kityo ne basalawo okulonda, ka kibeere kiseera ki kyenkana wa gye baamala mu Amerika. Ebiragiro bino tebyawerebwa ddala okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1940 ne 1950.
Abakazi mu Latina [ baayolekagana n'okusoomoozebwa kw'olulimi, okutiisatiisa, n'ebibuuzo eby'obutuuze ebizibu. Mu Southwest, bangi baayolekagana n'ebibuuzo ebigezesa okumanyisa abantu okusoma n'okuwandiika Olungereza nga bassibwawo okwogera Olusipeyini wadde ng'amaka agamu gabadde gabeera mu bitundu ebyo okumala emyaka mingi nga tegafuuse kitundu kya Amerika.
Tweyongera Okulwanirira Eddembe ly’Abalala
Entegeka ya Bannabyabufuzi mu Kigero n’Okukulaakulana Okutasobola Kugwawo
[[NT:0] Ekibiina ekikola ku ddembe ly'abantu ekya '1950' ne '1960' kyayogera ku nkyukakyuka nnyingi ezaasaasaanyizibwawo. Ku nkomerero, abakyala nga Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, ne Diane Nash baakola emirimu emikulu mu kulwanirira eddembe ery'okulonda ekyandiganyudde abantu bonna mu nsi yonna ka babe ba langi ki oba nga bakazi baani.
Act eya 1965 kyeyoleka nti obusobozi bw'abakazi ab'erangi bwakyusaamu, okuwera okugezesa n'okukubisaamu obululu mu bitundu ebya bulijjo ne kireetera n'okuteekawo obululu mu bitundu omuli obunene obwakolebwamu. Olwo olusooka, abakyala abangi aba langi bandisobodde okukozesa omutemwa gwa balangi nga gwa ku mukono ogwa ddyo [[ obuwandiisi obw'ebwe obwatuuti obwali emyaka 45 emabega. Wakati wa 1965 ne 1969, omuwendo gw'abakazi abadduse bannama abaafu mu Mississippi esukka mu 5% okutuuka ku 60%.
Kaweefube Akwata ku Ddembe ly’Eddembe Erya Nnamaddala
Abasigi bangi bakkiriza nti okukakaatika abakazi kwandiviiriddeko amangu ddala okwenkanankana mu mateeka. Kino bwe kitaatuukirira, Alice Pawulo yalonda Equal Rights Amerekation [ mu 1923, ng'agamba: "Entenga y'enkwalo wansi w'amateeka terina kugaanibwa oba okubunyisibwa mu ggwanga lyonna olw'okwetaba."
KANNYINI ERA, eyava mu 1970 nga tennaba kutuuka ku disitulikiti ssatu mu 1982, yalaga nti ku bwayo yokka tesobola kukakasa obungi bw'ekikula . Okulemererwa okw'ekikula n'okugatta abakazi okw'ekika kino kwalaga enjawukana ezigenda zibaawo ku mitendera n'entegeka mu Amerika.
Okusoomooza okw’Ekiseera Kyonna n’Okunyigirizibwa kwa Bannasayansi
Leero, [[NKULA] abakazi balonda mu miwendo egya waggulu okusinga abasajja [[1][1][1] 'a' addinst' okuva ku ntandikwa y'emyaka egy'obufunze lw'abakyala bangi bwe bataateeka ku budde obwa bulijjo bwe babadde balaga ku ddembe lyabwe eriggya. Mu kulonda okwa politiki okwakamala, okulonda kw'abakazi kusukkulumye ku bitundu 3-4 eby'abaami. Wadde nga wazzewo okusoomooza kungi:
Ekiragiro [[[NKULU]] Amateeka ag'omu vidiyo[[[NKULULA]] kikyusa nnyo abakazi abakyusa amannya gaabwe oluvannyuma lw'obufumbo oba okugattululwa era abatannaddamu kuwandika mabaluwa gonna. Abakazi abakaddiye abatalina layisensi zavuganya boolekagana n'ebizibu ebitali bimu.
[[Akabonero:0] Ekifo eky'okusimbula kiggalwamu mu byalo ne mu bibuga kireeta obuzibu ku bakazi abatalina bya ntambula oba abafuba okuwummula emirimu gyabwe.
Ekiragiro [[[NKULU]] amateeka agaawulamu enkyuka [ kikolako obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu mu Amerika, nga muno mwe muli abakazi] aba langi okusingira ddala(okusingira ddala abakyala) ab'omu bitundu by'amakomera gye bakoma.
[[AB'OKUKOLA] Abakyala ab'omu nsi [ batera obutabeera na ndagiriro ez'omu nguudo ezeetaagisa okusobola okutongoza omuvvunsi era bayinza okuwangaala essaawa okuva mu kifo ekiri okumpi we balagira okulonda.
Bye Tuyigira ku Kibiina Ekigenda mu Maaso
Ebintu Ebizze Bikolebwa mu Nkyukakyuka ez’Enjawulo
Ekibiina kya bannalukalala kyasobola bulungi okukolamu ebimu ku ebyo olw'okuba kyakozesa enkola ez'enjawulo mu kiseera kye kimu. Abalwanyi abamu baakolanga enkyukakyuka mu mateeka nga bakozesa amateeka agafuga enfuga, abalala ne beemalira ku mateeka. Wadde ng'abamu baateeka ekitiibwa mu bantu abalala, baagoberera enkola eno. Obukodd'obukodd'ooka buno, wadde nga oluusi bwaleetawo okukontana okw'omunda, ne bunyweza enkolagana yaabwe nga basikiriza okuyita ku nkola y'enkola ez'enjawulo.
Ebibiina ebiriwo mu kiseera kino bisobola okuyigira ku kikolwa kino eky'okutwala obutuuti nga obutuufu bw'ebifo bya bantu nga by'ebyo ebikolebwa ku bantu ab'ekika kya nga birina kye biyigira ku ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'okukwataganamu ebireetebwawo. Mu kifo eky'okukaka abantu okufuna endowooza ennongoofu, enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo zisobola okukolebwako nga bwe zissa essira ku kigendererwa eky'okutuuka ku nsonga eyo.
Amaanyi Agali mu Kukulaakulana
Ekiragiro kino kiraga nti okulwanagana okw'amasavu 72 okw'abakazi kutera okubaawo mu '[FLT'. Obuwanguzi mu ggwanga buli mulundi bwaleetera abakyala okuyigirizibwa. Ebiwayi eby'omu nsi ez'ebugwanjuba okuba nga byatumbulwa, obujulizi obulaga nti okulonda kw'abakazi tekuyinza kumalawo maka oba okutabangula eby'obufuzi, era bulemesa abawagizi baayo okweyongera mu nsonga ez'okutya.
Ekiragiro kino, n'okuteekawo enkola eno, kuleetawo okukulaakulana okutali kumu okuva ku Amerika okusobola okukola omulimu. Wabula, okusobola okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu nsi ezisangibwa mu bitundu ebya bulijjo, kiba kyawulibwa nti buli kibiina kya Amerika kifuna enkola esobozesa okukyusizaamu enjawulo.
Okuba Obumu Kisobozese Okuzimba Enjawulo Embi
Enkolagana y'ekibiina kya bannalukalala n'ensonga z'eggwanga yazibuwalirwa nnyo era emirundi mingi teyeewuunyisa. Abatendeke abamu baakuba obusosoze mu langi nga bagamba nti abazungu abaasemba abagwira oba abaddugavu baagwanira okukuba obululu okusinga abagwira. Abalala nga Ida B. Wells-Barnett, baalwanirira okubunyisibwa mu nsi yonna nga bawakanya obusosoze mu langi.
Wadde nga waaliwo obukuubagano buno, enkola ey'okukolagana obulungi mu langi kyeyoleka bulungi nnyo. Obuyambi bwa Frederick Douglas ku Seneca Falls, okugunja okwategekebwa Alice Paul (wadde okuziyizibwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'omu bukiikaddyo) era n'okutegeka n'ebiti by'abakyala ba Baddugavu, byonna byasobozesa ttiimu okuwangula.
Obukulu bw’Okusalawo ng’Okyali Muvubuka
Abato bano be baatandikawo ekibiina ekibadde kifuga ensi nga Alice Pawulo. Baaleeta obukodyo obulala, amaanyi, n'obuteegumiikiriza [ okukulaakulana mu ngeri ezitali zimu. Baali beetegefu okukwatibwa, okumanyibwa, n'okulwalalwa.
Empandika eno eddiŋŋana mu byafaayo byonna [1] okuva ku muyizi Nonligt Cordination mu kakiiko akakola ku nkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'obudde ez'ekimu. emirundi mingi nkyukakyuka ez'omukaaga mu bibiina zitera okukola ekikolebwako okusobola okuwangula.
Endowooza Entuufu Ekwata ku Kintu ky’Omunda n’Eby’Okubeera mu Nsi Yonna
Okuyigira ku Mitendera Gyonna
Ebibiina by'Abamerika ebikola empewo n'eby'okugoberera endowooza z'abakazi mu nsi yonna . Abawandisi b'enkola za basebankano baayiga obukoddyo bwa Bungereza, baakuŋŋaana mu nsi yonna, era ne bakola emikutu egigatta abantu mu nsi ezitali zimu.
New Zealand kye ggwanga eryasooka okuwa abakazi eddembe ery’okulonda mu 1893, oluvannyuma Australia n’elyokka mu 1902.
Ku luuyi olulala, okuwangula kwa Amerika mu 1920 kwakubirizibwa ebibiina mu nsi yonna. [[Olwangangala:0] Ekiseera eky'olutalo kyatuuka ensi nnyingi ne ziyongera eddembe ly'okukuba ebibangirizi nga zigoberera ekyokulabirako kya Amerika n'okulonda abakazi.
Okufuba Okweyongera mu Maaso mu Nsi Yonna
Wadde ng'ensi nnyingi kati ziwa abakazi obusobozi bw'okulonda, enzigi ez'omuganyulo zikyaliwo mu nsi yonna. Mu mawanga agamu, okukugira obuwangwa, ettemu, n'amateeka, biremesa abakazi okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi mu bujjuvu. Okulwanirira okw'okulingana kw'eby'obufuzi kweyongera mu maaso, nga n'enteekateeka ez'okulonda ebizingirwamu zikyagobererwa Amerika mu nsi yonna.
Ebyo Ebiriwo Leero n’Ebyandiyitiddwa mu Kiseera Kino
Abakazi Beenyigira mu by’Eby’obufuzi Leero
Nga wayiseewo ekyasa kimu oluvannyuma lw'Emitemere ey'ekkumi n'ekkumi n'ekkumi n'emwe ate [Ogwo oguba gwagootaanye abakazi], enkola y'ebyobufuzi ekyuse demokulase ya Amerika. Abakyala bakuba obululu okusinga abasajja era bafuuse ba maanyi nnyo mu kulonda. "Omusanvunga ogw'okulonda" mu ngeri ez'enjawulo nga n'abakazi bawagira enkola n'ensonga ez'enjawulo okusinga abasajja.
Kyokka, abakazi [[NT:0] basigala nga ba wansi mu kifo ekilondebwa. Wadde nga bali 51% ku buli bantu, abakazi batuula ku bifo 28% eby'assembly Congregation era nga tebasobola kufunayo bituukagana nabyo mu mawanika oba ebifo ebya bannakyewa.
Empandika y’Obwannalukalala
Okugeza kwa deresenti [[NKULU] okukomya obutemu ku nkola ezikolebwa ku nkola y'okukukusa ebitundu by'ekikula mu nsi yonna, kikosezza nnyo abakazi abo abakyusa amannya g'abakyala oluvannyuma lw'obufumbo oba okugattululwa.
Ofiisi z'eby'ekiwato okuggalwawo kwa DMV zifuula okuzibuwalirwa okufuna ennamba y'okulondamu bannamukadde abatakyavuga. [][1][1] Abakazi abangi] --past Buno buleetera okukaluubiriza okulonda. Ennamba zino zeetaagisa okulonda n'okukwata engeri y'emu eya bulijjo.
Bizineesi y’Ekyokulabirako ku Ddembe Elyenkanankana
Abakulembeze b'ekibiina kya bannakyewa baatwala eddembe ly'okukuba akalulu nga livaamu okwenkanankana okujjuvu. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyasa kimu, endowooza eyo ekakasa ekisukkiridde. Abakyala bakyasosolwa ku mirimu, ku by'obujjanjabi, ku buyigirize, ne ku bifo ebirala bingi. Okulemererwa okuyisa essente mu ttendekero lino tekuli ku ttuluba lya Amerika nga lirinamu n'ekyamasikire.
Gavumenti nga # MeToo ne kaweefube ow'okusasula ssente zeyongera mu mulimu ogwakolebwa. Okugeza kuno kutujjukiza nti eddembe erya okugaba ebiba byetaagisa, likiikirira kimu ku bintu ebisinziirwako mu bujjuvu okulingana[.
Mafundikira: Embali y'Eddembe ly'Abakazi ery'oku Vote mu Amerika
Ebyafaayo by'abakazi mu Amereka bituyigiriza nti si mulimu gwa bannakyewa naye gwakolebwanga bulijjo.. Ebbanga eriyitirira ddala 72 okuva ku Seneca Falls okutuuka ku mulongo gwa 190, kiraga nti okusobola okugaziya obuteega ku nkola ya demokulase, kyetaagisa obukulembezi, n'okweyongerayongera mu maaso nga waliwo okuziyizibwa.
Obuwanguzi bwa bannasayansi bwali tebujjuvu era nga tebuliiko kkomo. Abakazi bangi, naddala abakyala ab' langi, baalindiriranga amakumi g'emyaka okuba nga basobola okulonda. Okunkola akalulu k'abo abanyigiriza okulonda kukolebwa kutujjukiza nti eddembe ly'abalonde] liyinza okugwa ku busika obufisse nga tewali busosooso. Enteekateeka eno ereetebwa ku nsonga ez'okuvuga ekika kya langi, ekya kiwa abangi obutundu, era n'obukodyo bulaga nti okuzimbira awamu nga tutuukiriza ebigendererwa byaffe.
Oboolyawo, ekibiina kino kiwa obukakafu nti abantu aba bulijjo basobola okukola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi[. Abakazi abaawangula obutafaananako abo abali mu ntegeka ya bulijjo (85) baali basomesa, bamaama, abakozi, era nga balwanyi abaagaana okufuna obutuuze obw'okubiri. Baasekererwa, baasibibwa, era ne bawangulwa amakumi g'emyaka nga tebannatuuka ku buwanguzi.
Buli mukazi lw’alonda, okulonda, oba okwenyigira mu kuwuliriza emboozi z’eby’obufuzi, akozesa eddembe abakazi lye baalwanirira ennyo.
Nga twolekagana n'okusoomoozebwa okw'omu kiseera kino ku bikwata ku kulonda n'okukwata olukalala lwa demokulase, ekibiina kya bannaakyewa kiwa eby'okuyiga eby'amaanyi era eby'omuganyulo. Kitujjukiza nti okukulaakulana kuteekwa okukolebwako era nti eddembe lirina okukwasibwa era nti lirina okubeera n'obuyinza bwe libeera nga lizingiramu ebigambo byonna[. Abakazi abaalwanirira okulonda ekisuubizo kya demokulase nga buli muntu yenna bw'atakkirizibwa. Okumanya okwo kulina okukituukiriza. [okukitegeera nti:] era n'okutuukiriza obweyamo ku nsonga eyo bukulu nga bwe kyali ekyasa ekyasa ekyasooka.
Okulwanirira eddembe ly'abakazi ery'okulonda kyaleetawo ate demokulase ya Amereka, nga kikakasa nti ekisuubizo kya tteeka eky'okwenkanankana kiyinza okugaziwa okusinga abo abakimanyi obusobozi. Okweyongera kuno tekwajjawo kwokka oba okwangu nga kyetaagisa abakazi okwetaaza ebika okumanyibwa, okutegeka ebiwayirizi, okusoomooza amateeka agakwata ku bwenkanya, era n'okuwangula. Okuwangula kwabwe kutujjukiza nti demokulase y'ensi yonna ebeera y'emu, era nti omulimu gw'okuzimba abantu bonna okukkirizibwa tegukoma awo ddala.
Obusobozi Obulala
Abo abaagala okuyiga ebisingawo ebikwata ku kiseera kino ekikulu mu byafaayo bya Amerika, ebizimbe by'eggwanga ebikozesebwa mu kunoonya ebiwandiiko n'ebintu eby'okuyigiriza ebyasooka bisobola okukozesebwa mu byafaayo bya Amerika, ebiwandiikibwa bisobozesa ebiwandiiko n'ebintu eby'okuyigiriza ebyasooka okufunibwa. Etterekero lya congress era likuŋŋaanya ebikuŋŋaanyiziddwa [ ebifissiddwa abakyala [ ebisobozesa amaloboozi gano ag'ebyafaayo okuzza obulamu bw'amabaluwa, n'ebya ebikwata ku bantu kinnoomu okuva mu kibiina.
