Ekitundu kino kiraga engeri akatyabaga gye kagwawo, engeri gye kakolebwamu, era n’engeri enkola za gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezikolebwa mu biseera eby'obuzibu gye ziyinza okuyambamu abantu okugumira ebizibu.

Okutegeera Embeera Eyinza Okubaawo ng’Akatyabaga kaguddewo

Mu Amerika wagwawo akatyabaga. Ekiragiro kino kikolera ku musingi: nga gavumenti ewa obusobozi obutono ennyo obutono ennyo bw'enkunamba okutuusa nga ewabye ssente. Emitendera esatu mikulu(ndac, ssemat, ne ssemat) buli emu ereetera ab'obuyinza, obusobozi, n'obusobozi obw'ekika kya mbagirawo. Omuntu okukolagana obulungi n'okuteesa okuteefu.

Embeera y’Omu kitundu: Abaddu baddamu

Ebitongole by'omu kitundu, nga mw'otwalidde abasirikale, ebitongole eby'omuliro, ebikola ku by'obujjanjabi, ne ofiisi z'eby'obujjanjabi eby'omu kitundu, bye bisooka okutuuka ku katyabaga. Basooka kunoonya era ne banunula, ne bateekawo ebiragiro, ne batandikawo obuddukiro. Olw'okuba bakozesa enkola y'ekitongole ky'ensi n'ey'ekitongole eky'omukitundu, abo abayambako ne kampati, era nga bakola nga bali mu ngeri y'ekitongole eky'ekitongole eky'omukitundu, abo abasobola okukola mu bwangu naye nga bakyanguyibwa ddala okuko. Ababeseri, ebikozesebwa mu ngeri eyo batera okulabikkulirwa mu ssaawa ezisooka. era n'okugaba ebizitookebe by'okusobozesa ebitongole eby'okugobeeyambisibwa mu nkola ey'okugobeeyambisibwa mu nkola ey'okugootaa, n'okugoberamu enkola yaabwe ey'okugobeeyambisibwa mu kifo eky'okugo.[FFO.][FLC:]

Kkomo lya gavumenti: Okukolagana n'okuyungibwa kwa biwayi

Gavumenti zikola ng'olutindo olw'ensonga eyo. Akatyabaga bwe kabuutikira ebikolebwa mu kitundu, gayinza okuyisa embeera ey'eby'obutujju, ekiwa obuyinza ku nkozesa y'ensi ya gavumenti, ne ziteekateeka ebitongole bya gavumenti nga National Guard, poliisi, n'ebitongole eby'eby'obujjanjabi mu bya gavumenti. Era ne zifuga endagaano ez'obuddukiro ne eby'obujjanjabi ne eby'obulamu. Amawanga era gayinza okutegeka endagaano ez'okugoberera wamu mu Amension Comment (EMAC),[FLT], ebisobozesa ebitongole eby'okusaba abakozi n'ebyuma okuva mu bitundu ebirala okukola omulimu, okuteekateeka ebikolerwawo, okugaba obusobozebwa ne byewandikibwa gavumenti za Budde ddala. Kyokka, eby'obufuzi busobola okugobeewa obugobererwa mu ngeri y'obuteego, n'osenyi kiwandikiro, nga bigoolekawo ebiva mu kifo eky'okuteekawo eky'ebyo ebitongole eby'ebyo ebiva mu bukulembeze.

Obunene bwa division: Ddam-am-am-active and Maato Mulimu eby'Okuleka ne by'okozesa

Gavumenti efuga ekitundu kino, okusingira ddala okuyitira mu [[FL:0] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)[FL:1], eyingira mu katyabaga bwe kasukka ku buyinza n'obuyinza obwa bulijjo. Ekiragiro ekitongole ekifuga envi ya sistemu ekikola ku buyambi obuva ku mukulembeze w'eggwanga, nga mw'otwalidde obuyambi obutereevu obuva eri gavumenti, obuddukirizibwawo ku by'ensi eno, n'okubisookebwawo eby'obujjanjabi, nga n'eby'obw'eby'obuyinza ebizibyalwanyi, n'eby'eby'amagye. FORMA ebikolagana n'abalala bakolagana n'abadduukizi abalala mu ggwanga nga [[FOK:] era ne ku buk'obusobo bwonna obuva mu ku n'obusobo obugazi.[5]

Ekitundu 1: Omuyaga Katrina (2005) – Ekyuma Ekirala Ekirala kyalemererwa

Katrina yaleetera omuyaga ogw'amaanyi ennyo okugwa ne gugwa mu New Orleans, era ekyo kyaviirako abantu nkumi na nkumi okufa era abantu abasukka mu 1,800 ku buli kipimo ekyayoleka obunafu bw'amaanyi mu nsi.

Abantu b’Omu Kitundu Baddibwamu

Ekibuga New Orleans n'ebifo ebibeetoolodde byakazibwa mangu. Ekitongole kya New Orleans Police kyafiirwa enteekateeka z'empuliziganya era abakungu bangi baaleka emirimu gyabwe. Olukiiko lw'eby'obuddukiro mu kibuga ekyo lwalina okugendera ku mmotoka ezabwewa, era abantu ne balekera awo okudduka. Kaweefube w'okutaasa abantu aba bulijjo n'ogww'okudduukirira abantu nga bakozesa amaato gaabwe, naye tewaaliwo kukolagana. Ofiisi y'eby'obuddukiro mu kitundu ekyo yali tesobola kukuuma omuwendo gw'ekibamba ekyo. Amataba gaafukunzikkufu bwe geeyongera, ekitebe ky'eggala ekyasembayo kyafuuka ebitebe by'emmere ebimala, amazzi, n'obuyonjo.

Ebirabo mu Kkomera

Gavana Kathleen Blanco yalangirira embeera ey'obuzibu nga tennagwawo, naye gavumenti yayolekagana n'ebizibu eby'amaanyi. Abakuumi ba gavumenti ba Louisiana baateekebwawo, naye nga bungi bwa bantu baali mu Iraq. Gavumenti yasattuka okukendeeza ku busobozi bw'okukolagana wakati wa gavumenti EOC ne banka za gavumenti. Okusaba kwa gavumenti obuyambi tekwali kutuukiriza bulungi kiragiro kya gavumenti, era ne gavana oyo okugaana okussaawo empalana. Gavumenti era yasattuusana n'enteekateeka ez'okutambula mu ggwanga okusobola okuggya abantu mu kifo eky'okutambula oba okwekweka.

Okudduukirira Abafumbo

Enyinnyonnyola eyo mu kusengeka FEMA yasoberwa nnyo ng'eyawulula ekiwandiike. [FEMA Omukulembeze Michael Brown yafuuka akabonero ak'obusobozi oluvannyuma lw'okubuulira bannamawulire nti ekibiina ekyo kyayiga ebikwata ku mbeera z'embeera z'ekitebe kya Convention Center oluvannyuma lw'omuyaga. Ekitongole ky'eggwanga kyakatandika okuteekawo obuteesiteesiteesi oluvannyuma lw'obudde nga 9/11, ne kiremedwa okuteeka mu nkola ya kitongole kyakyo mu ngeri esobola okugonjoola ensonga. [FL: 0].S. Abakuumi b'olubalamakanda[FL:1] baatwala obuzira, naye baagezaako okukugira obuyambi okuva ku bunnaawereberye obuva mu ku butundu bwa gavumenti, era n'okulemererwa okutegeera obunene obwava mu ku ku ku kubaako enkyukakyuka ez'okukyusa mukikolako, nga mw'etulukulembedde nga obwe okuyita mu ku kikolwa ekikolebwa mu kikolwa ekikolebwa mu kikolwa ekikolebwamu.[Forna:[5]

[[Act:0] Ekintu eky'okuyiga: Kweyoleka kaati nti waliwo eby'empuliziganya ebitali bimu, n'ekifo eky'ensigalira y'emu kyetaaga okukolebwako.

Okunoonyereza 2: Omuliro oguyitibwa California Wilds (208) – Aquuka Omudumu

Mu 2018, California kyayokya omuliro mungi nnyo mu kiseera ekyo, era kyatuuka ku kasasiro akaasaanyaawo ekibuga Camp Fire (Novemba) ne kitta abantu 85. Kino kyalaga nti abantu ba Katonda bakolagana bulungi era nti embeera y'okukolagana mu nsi eyo yali nzibu nnyo.

Abantu b’Omu Kitundu Baddibwamu

Ebitongole ebikola ku by'omuliro eby'omu kitundu, nga mw'otwalidde Cal Fire (ekitongole kya gavumenti ekizikiza omuliro) bye byasooka mu kifo ekyo. Omuliro gwa kaasa gwabutuka olw'ekyeya, empewo ez'amaanyi, ne ssabbugumu eringi. Abakwasisa amateeka n'abakulu b'obudduukirize baaleeta ebiragiro eby'okuyita mu kifo ekyo, naye sipiidi ey'omuliro gye baasooka okukolebwa. Abatuuze abamu tebaafuna bubaka bulaga nti omuntu avudde mu muliro, era badduka ku bigere. Ofiisi y'omuka w'omunaala gw'obubuga Sheriff yakozesa empewo nga 911, naye ebisenge by'obusaale ne bigwa. Wadde nga bino ebiwandikiro byayamba abantu abangi, era oluvannyuma lw'okubaako kyeyongera ku ku ku ebyo ebikolwa byalaga obulango by'abadduukizibwe.

Ebirabo mu Kkomera

Gavana Jerry Brown yayisa mu mbeera ey'obuzibu era n'ayisa bulungi abakuumi b'eggwanga, abawa obuyambi mu mpewo, okuseesa oba okuseesa ebiwawa. California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) yakolagana bulungi n'obuyambi okuva mu bitongole eby'omuliro mu bitundu byonna eby'eggwanga era n'ateekamu eby'obugagga okuva mu Kalinia Ofire and Muturtive Aid System. Gavumenti era yakozesa ebikolebwako n'ebifaananyi by'okukwata ku muliro okusobola okuzuula enneeyisa y'eby'obugagga ebikolerwawo mu kiseera kye kimu, ne kiraga nti embeera y'obuddedde nga esobola okutaagibwa mu ngeri ey'obudde obw'obudde obukyafu.

Okudduukirira Abafumbo

FEMA Application Fireal Infors (FMAGs) ekkirizibwa mu ssaawa nga 75% ey'ebbeeyi z'okutuutira omuliro. Ekiragiro ' .S Service for Forest kyateekateeka emmotoka z'ennyonyi endala n'abakulembedde ku mikono, era ne National Monational Ennal Service[ Yateekawo obulaguzi obw'amaanyi obw'obudde obw'okulaguzi. Ekireetera eky'okulabiriramu n'okukolagana n'okukolagana okusingira ddala ne Katrina. Wadde nga wabaddewo ebikolebwako: obutono n'abafumbo abawerefu baagezesezza okuzuula obuyambi obwa FEMA, n'okuzzaawo obuzigizigibwamu. Ekivaamu kigulumiza ekyo kiva mu ku bugamba nti eggwanga liba nga liba nga liba nga y'okuzibyanjulaakula okuzibya.

[[Akawayiro:0] Yiriburi: enkola ey'okugattika obuyambi obw'omu kiseera kino n'okulagula ebinaakolebwako eby'okulagula ebinaayamba mu kugoonjoolwa kw'obudde obw'ekiseera eky'omu maaso, naye okuba abeeteetegekebwa mu kitundu n'okuteekateeka obulungi okusobola okukimu kiyinza okuganyula.

Case Ssomo 3: COVID-19 Pandemic (2029-2022) – Okugezesa okw'Eby'okutya Katonda okw'eggwanga lyonna

Omuwendo gwa kofi si gwe gwalina akatyabaga akabaddewo mu byafaayo eby'omu kiseera kino, nga kakwata ku gavumenti zonna mu kiseera kye kimu era nga zibeerawo emyaka mingi. Ebyakolebwa ku kibamba ekyo byalaga nti akatyabaga ak'okudduukirira abantu kalina okukolebwa mu bitundu ebirala.

Abantu b’Omu Kitundu Baddibwamu

Ebitongole eby'eby'obulamu eby'omu kitundu kyafuuka ebikola ku kukebera, okunoonyereza, n'okugoberera. Ebibuga n'eby'okulambula ebyawa ekiragiro eky'okukusiiga kansa. Ebitongole eby'eby'obulamu eby'omukitundu biwa abantu obuyinza, amasomero ne bizineesi okuggalawo, era n'amalwaliro. Kyokka, amalwaliro gaakula gaakulaakulaakulaakulaakulanyizibwa mu bitundu eby'omu kibuga: ebitongole ebiterekebwa obuwandikiro byasobola okukebera ebibuga, kyokka ng'ebitongole eby'omu byafuba okusobola okukebera enkola y'obutebebwa kaweempaka ne kawere. Okwesigamya kwava mu ku mateeka aganene n'okugo.

Ebirabo mu Kkomera

Gavana wa gavumenti yalina obuyinza bungi, okuteeka ku biragiro eby'okusigala ku malwaliro, n'okugaba obugunjufu bw'ebitongole ebiwaawaatiro bya malwaliro. Eggwanga ezimu, nga New York ne California, zaasookanga kukola nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa; endala zaalwawo okugattaamu, ne zireetawo obujyuulizi mu nsonga. Nationalal Office [[[FLLT:1]] Lirrectory'okuwanirira ebifo ebigezebwa, amalwaliro g'abawandisi, ate oluvannyuma ne ziyambako mu kungangagibwanjawu. Era, Amerika zavuganyagana ne gavumenti z'esobola okufuna obuyambi obw'enjawulo, era n'obunafu mu kivanyunzivu w'eggwanga. Omuntu w'obuyimba obutegeke obulungi obwava mu ggwanga erimu.

Okudduukirira Abafumbo

' Ekibuuzo eky'okugezesa kyaseezebwa kyagwa butaka. CDC'ebadde kigendererwa. Trump Administration[ Kino kyasaba Defense Production Act okukola nga ekikolebwa, era nga n'ak'akawayiro ka 'CD' ka 'CD' kafulumya ekiragiro okufulumya obutundutundutundu obusukka mu kkumi, naye nga busobesebwa. Ekiragiro kyatandika okufulumya obutundu obunene obwakajja mu by'obufuzi, obukaluzaakula, obuzingirwamu obusingako. FEMA EKYM'okuwagira ebifo eby'okugobererwa mu by'obuvuzi k'obuvuzi, n'obukulembeze bw'obukulembe obw'omulembe obunene.[FFLD:5] CD] Ekiragiro ekiwandikiro ekyafulumira mu mateeka ekimu ekiwandikibwa ennyo mu bunnabinja. Gama y'obuvuzi, era n'

[[AKM:0] Ekintu ekikulu ennyo kye tuyiga: obwetaavu bw'eby'obulamu bw'abantu bonna bwetaagisa ab'obuyinza abeewaddeyo, obusobozi bw'okujjanjaba, n'obukodyo obw'eggwanga obulaga nti lirina obwetwaze bwokka ate nga butuukiriza n'ensonga endala.

Okunoonyereza ku Case 4: Omuyaga Harvey (2017) – Amaanyi g’Okugabana n’Okwagala

Mu Agusito 2017, omuyaga oguyitibwa Harvey gwayita mu Texas, era mu bitundu ebimu waatonnya empewo n'amataba ne gatta abantu abasukka mu 100.

Abantu b’Omu Kitundu Baddibwamu

Abadduukirize ku magye baasooka okukulembera enkumi n'enkumi z'abanunuzi b'amazzi nga bakozesa ebidduka eby'omu mazzi ebisabibwa abantu aba bulijjo. Ekibuga kino kyasobozesa ebitebe byakyo eby'omukkakka mu maato okuyita okuva mu mazzi ku kika kyago, naye amataba gaago gaaleetera abasobe abo obungi okulekawo. Ebifo by'amasomero n'amakanisa byaggulawo ebikolerwamu, era asnerner'aw'abavuzi b'amaaweennyo nga bannaakyewanya.[1][1] 'flotillala y'abamenyi b'amaasokerowa ba gavumenti, yafuuka akabonero akalaga nti teriiyo, oba ebizimbiziganya byayobuutiddwamu ku kitebe kya ggwanga kya ggwanga kya waggulu.

Ebirabo mu Kkomera

Gavana Greg Abbott yateekateeka ebibinja byonna eby'okuyita mu mulimu gw'okutaasa omuliro mu Texas, ne biteekateeka obuddukiro obw'amazzi ag'omu nnyanja, era n'akolagana n'ekitongole kya Texas Department Mergency Management. Gavumenti eyo yakozesa eki'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Okudduukirira Abafumbo

FEMA n'abakozi abaateekebwawo nga tennaba kutuuka ku sipiidi, bye baayigira ku buzibu Katrina bwe yalemererwa. Ekitongole ekyo kyakolagana bulungi ne gavumenti, era pulezidenti Trump yateekawo sigimu ku bigambo ebiwerako. Abajaasi ba Argeer abaakwasibwa enzijanjaba ya Mataba ne bayambako okuggyawo ebisasiro. Kyokka, kyatwala emyaka mingi era n'ab'ebika ebyali bivuddemu byakaluubirira okusobola okuddukanya ewatoota FEMA. Omuyaga era gwalaga nti amataba ga National Inshuwalansiorference Program, ekyaviirako abantu okukyuka.

Ekintu ekikulu kye tuyiga [[[NKULA]]: Okuteekawo kalonda n'okugatta emikutu gya bannakyewa kiyinza okulongoosa ebiva mu kuddawo, naye kyetaagisa obuwagizi bwa gavumenti okusobola okukomyawo ebizingirwamu.

Bye Baayigira ku Kunoonyereza ku Mitawaana

Okunoonyereza kuno okuna kulaga engeri gye bayinza okugonjoolamu embeera y'omu biseera eby’omu maaso, okutendekebwa, n’okuteekawo ssente:

  • [[Act:0] Obutegekebwa bukola eky'omuddiriŋŋanwa. Buli teeka buli digiti eza gavumenti ziteekwa okutendeka, okuzza obusobozi ku bintu ebya bulijjo, okuseesaawo enkola ey'okukola nga ebibamba tebinnaba kutuuka. Katrina ne Harvey byombi biraga nti ebintu ebisookedwa okuwonya obulamu bw'abantu.
  • K''''''[FUMT:0] Obubonero obuleetera obubonero okukolagana obulungi buleetera obukodyo obw'okuteekamu enkolagana ennungi mu bantu. Obuzibu Katrina ne COVOID bye byaleetera ebitongole ebikola ku nsonga eyo okuzikolako n'obubaka obukontana. Obuwandikiro obuva mu biwandikiro bya NiMS ne ICS bye bikola ku bintu ebikulu, naye okukolagana obulungi kw'obwetaakwo kw'otaddewo era n'obw'obanga waliwo embeera ezifaanagana.
  • Twetaaga okumanyibwa oba okukoleezebwako. Obulwadde obw'omu kiwayi ky'omukaafaananyi okuzikiza omuliro n'obulwadde obw'omu kiseera ekiwanvu obw'ekirombe eky'ekiwayi ekya COVID obwasooka byombi byetaagisa abawagizi okuteekawo enkola enkyukakyuka mu kiseera ekituufu. Ago agakwata ku by'okukwata ku by'okwanjula ebizingirwamu mu nkaafu okusobola okugaana obuyambi.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obuteeso bulina okukolebwa okusobola okuzuula ebinaavaamu. Abantu abatuuka ku mukolo guno, abantu aba langi, ne bannamukadde bakwatibwako mu ngeri ey'enkukakyuka okusobola okufuna obuyambi. Ekiragiro okuzuula obuyambi obw'omukitundu ne mu ngeri eyo eyagobererwa kinnewa.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Okugattika awamu n'okukolagana wakati w'abantu kinnoomu eby'okweyambisibwa mu kukuza ebizingirwamu.[[FULT:1] EMAC, Navy Cajun, ne kampuni ezikozesebwa mu mulimu zonna ziraga nti tewali gavumenti esobola kuleetawo nkolagana nga eyo mu kiseera kino. Enkolagana zino zisooka kuvaamu ssente nnyingi.
  • Enkyukakyuka [[NKULA] 0] ey'ekika kyeyongerayongera obutyabaga. Omuliro n'endwadde ez'amaanyi byeyongera obungi. Okukola ku byetaago eby'ekikula kino biteekwa okujjawo nga bisuubira nti ebibamba eby'enkunta eby'enkuyanja bijja kweyongera.

fundikira

Mu bitundu byonna eby'ensi, wabaddewo okusoomooza kwa maanyi ku ngeri abantu gye bakolera awamu, ku nteekateeka z'ebyobufuzi. Okunoonyereza okukwata ku muyaga Katrina, California, omuliro ogubumbujja, omuliro oguva mu COVID-19, ne ky'omuyaga Harvey kulaga nti basobola okukola n'obuyambi obw'enjawulo era n'obuzibu obw'okweteekateeka. Mu bitundu bino, abazira bafuluma bafuluma naye ne bakendeeza ku bintu bye balina. Ku mulembe gwa gavumenti, eby'okukolagana n'okukolagana awamu ne gavumenti, ebirina okuba nga bigwa mu sipiidi, era nga biteekwa okuba nga bituukagana bulungi n'obw'obw'obw'obw'obw'obuyinza n'okutuukiriza obwetaaw'embeera zaabwe. Era abantu nga beesigama ku ku ku ku ku ku ku kukulaakulana kwabwe kwabwe.

Ekiragiro kino kikebera ebiwandikiro ebitegekebwa n'ebiruubirirwa eby'okugoosa. Ekiragiro kino kikebera FEMA' .gov Kino kye kiyamba obulambe obulagira obuwanguzi, obuwandise, obuwabuzi obulagira kudda kudda kudda kudda lwayo. CDC''''Sceebitundu ebitegekebwa mu CDC's for Esoosaawo '[ ne NAMBA'''''SEKEK'''''''''''''''''''. Eby'obukuumi ebikuumibwa '[FLTY' ebikolerwa mu ngeri ey'embaliriraa mu kiseera ekyo tebyamalemberwako obunene obutuufu.] Kino kye kiba kye kiba kibeera ekiyamba okuwonawo mu mbeera ey'okufiirwa y'okufiirwa ey'okugenda kyeyongerako.