Omufuzi w’Obuyinza: Ekifo kya Gavumenti z’Eby’Obusosoze mu Amerika

Gavumenti z'amawanga zirina ekifo eky'enjawulo mu Amereka era nga zikola obuyinza obwazisikira obutali bwa ggwanga oba bwa ggwanga naye nga bwa njawulo nnyo. Omuntu okuba omufuzi, eyasibuka mu nkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi z'emyaka ey'obufuzi era eyakakasibwa mu mpaka z'amateeka, kikyusa obulamu bw'obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu b'Abamerika era kikyusa endowooza z'obufuzi bw'Amerika. Okutegeera ekifo kya gavumenti z'amawanga kyetaagisa okwekenneenya ennyo emitindo gyazo egy'ebyafaayo, obunyonyisifu obutuufu bw'amateeka obunnyonnyola ebwengulamaanyanguzi, era n'ebintu eby'okugobeegobererwa mu kiseera kino bye batambula buli lunaku.

Gavumenti zino si njawukana mu kufuga; ze nnanyini mu kufuga era n'abawanika abanyiikivu ab'obufuzi obwa bulijjo obwatandikawo nga United States bweya. Leero, amawanga nga 574 agategeseddwa mu gavumenti geeyisa mu ngeri emu oba endala ez'obufuzi ku batuuze baazo, nga balabirira emirimu okuva ku kukuuma amateeka n'obukuumi bw'obutonde okutuuka ku by'enjigiriza n'eby'obulamu. Omulimu gwabwe guba mulamu, amaanyi ag'amaanyi agakyakyukakyuka okuyitira mu kutegesebwa, amateeka, ne k-seavnermental.

Ensibuko Eviira Ddala ku Bulombolombo Obukwata ku Busosoze

Endowooza ekwata ku gavumenti y'eggwanga teyatandika nga ab'obutuuze bwa Bulaaya baakatandika. Okumala enkumi n'enkumi z'emyaka, abantu b'omu Amerika baalina enkola ez'enjawulo ezifuga, ez'amateeka, era n'okukolagana mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Enkola zino zayawukanira ddala(ya demokulase) okuva ku kuddaaki y'okussaawo oludda olumu olugobe lw'eggwanga lya Haudenousae Confederacy, abakuguzaamu abamu gye baawuulidde ku tteeka ly'amateeka ga U. Okutegeera omusingi guno ogwasooka obukulembeze bwa Mississippian, obwetalina kukkirizibwa mu United States naye nga bwe buwandikibwa obwa bulijjo, obuwagizigibwamu, era nga butyo gavumenti z'ensi.

Empaka n’Essawa mu Buwaŋŋanguse

Kino kyaleetawo okutaataaganya. Obulwadde, entalo, n'okuva mu kifo kyabyo byatta abantu era ne bimalawo ebifo ebyateekebwawo. Kyokka, ebika tebyamala kubula. Byeyatuukagana, nga bikubaganya, era nga bilwana okusobola okukuuma obwetwaze. Bbagazi ba Bungereza, ne Amerika, byegatta n'ebika ebirala ng'amawanga ag'amawanga ag'enjawulo, byegatta wakati w'endagaano. Olukiiko lw'ensi wakati wa 1778 ne 1871, olusooka oluwandikiro ne U. Georgia v[FFF32] , endagaano zino tezaali nsi mu ngeri y'okwefuga okw'ekika; zaalinga endagaano ez'amaanyi wakati w'amawanga agafuga agatakkirizibwa mu mawanga agatali gamu, emirembe, emirembe, n'obuwanjufu, ate nga tewalinamu mu kusinziira ku mateeka gamu mu Georgia. Kkookeromentinaa afuga, ate nga y'omukulembeze w'omulembe omu waggulu.[FF.[FFFFFogrates][18][19][19][20][20

Okulumba Obuyinza bwa Katonda: Okuwangulirako n’Ekiseera eky’Okudduukiriramu

Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 19 ne 20 waaliwo okulumba okutaasa okwa buli ggwanga. Mu mwaka gwa 1887, ekiragiro kyayisamu ebitundu by'eggwanga ebibadde bitegekebwa mu ggwanga erimu, era ensi ezisigaddeyo ne ziggulwawo n'abatuuze. Enteekateeka eno yalina ekigendererwa eky'okuggyamu gavumenti z'ebika ebirala n'amaanyi. Omwaka gwa 1934 we gwatuukira, ebika ebyo byali bibulidde kumpi ebitundu bibiri. Mu myaka gya 1950, ekiragiro ky'eggwanga kyasalawo okukomya enkolagana eyo, ebika ebikyetaanyewo, ne byonoona ebika byabwe, ne bitta abantu bannabyo. Enkola zino zaalinga zoonoonyi, naye nga tezikomye emirundi ebiri ku mitono. Mu mikutu egyo gye gyalina emitwe egya bulijjo gye ginoonya okukomya enkolagana ey'okutumbula enkolagana yaabyo.

Ebyafaayo mu Kukyukakyuka kw'Edda: Endowooza y'Okusalawo Wekka n’Ebiseera eby’Omu Kiseera Kyaffe

Mu 1975, akakiiko akaayisa ekitongole kya Indiya Zekka-Decounment and Education Act mu myaka gya 1960 kaaleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. Okusiiga Gavumenti ya Amerika, okuva ku mulimu ogwakolebwa ku kizinga Alcatraz ne Track of Brokets Creat, ne kawandikibwa nga kalina etteeka erigobererwa mu ggwanga lya Buyindiase-Sulf-Ditementment and Educationmental Act, akaawula amateeka agaako kak'enkola mu ku ku kukomyawo enkola y'okumenya enkka gavumenti y'eggwanga n'okukolagana ne gavumenti z'eggwanga ne gavumenti z'eggwanga ne zirramya enkola.

Ekiragiro: Omufuzi, kyemalirira, n'Obuvunaanyizibwa obw'Okussa obwesige mu mateeka

Obuyinza bwa gavumenti z'amaggwa businziira ku mpagi ssatu ezigasse awamu: obufuzi obusibuka mu nsi, enkola ey'eggwanga eyeemalirira, n'obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Amerika obw'okutereka obuvunaanyizibwa. Entegeka eno ya kkaluubindi, essibwamu amaanyi buli kiseera, era eyinza okukyuka mu by'obufuzi ne mu nnyinnyonnyola y'emisango.

Obufuzi obw’Ekisibo

Obusobozi bw'okufuga amawanga ge businziira ku musingi. Kino kitegeeza nti ekika kirina obuyinza okunnyonnyola obutundu bwaakyo, okuwaliriza amateeka gaakyo, n'amateeka agafuga mu nsi yonna, n'okufuga ebika ebirala, era n'okufuga ebika ebirala, bye bifuga ensi, era ne bissaawo enkomera zaakyo. Kyokka, obufuzi obwo tebuliko ekkomo. mu ggwanga.[FLD][FG][FG]][1:] [18], Kkooti n'amateeka gago gafuga ebika (18, Kkooti). Kkooti ya Kkooti ya Amerika ewagira obufuzi bw'ebika, n'ebika byagwo ebiwerako, ne mu [FFON] Supanquam's[3][8] era n'ebajjalawumbaluumira kkooti enjherezo tegattivu mu kkooti z'ebyonna, era tegaawula ku Bannazinnasala mu ku Bannazinyi, nga terimu, nga teri ku kkooti z'ebitongole eby'ebi

Obuvunaanyizibwa Obufuga Obuvunaanyizibwa

Enjigiriza eno ey'omu mateeka esibuka mu ndagaano, amateeka, n'ebiragiro bya bakungu, ewaliriza Amerika okukuuma obuvunaanyizibwa mu mpisa n'omu mateeka obw'okukuuma obugagga n'eby'amawanga n'okuganyula amawanga. Si mulimu gwa maanyi ogukolebwa omukwasiddwa omukwasi w'essente; guwa omukwasiddwa omuwanika omunene, oguteekeddwa okusobola okulabirira ebitongole bya gavumenti mu by'eggwanga, nga Bureauniant of Indian Affaiairs ne Bulansansi y'eby'obulamu bw'omu Buyindiya. Obuvunaanyizibwa obwo bukozesebwa gavumenti okuvunaanibwa olw'okuyisa obubi ebikozesebwa mu by'obugagga, nga mu kifo ekitongole ekimanyibwa [FLD:] Coartlell. [FFFFFULD:1]. [FUR.]

Omusingi Oguva mu Kwesalirawo

Ekiragiro kino kye kyawula ebika ku bukulembeze bwa gavumenti. Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti ebika birina obuyinza n'ebintu okusobola okuyiiya n'okuddukanya programu zaabwe, okuva ku masomero ne poliisi okutuuka ku makolero agakulaakulana mu by'enfuna. Ekiragiro kino, Abayindi Self-Determinitation and Education Active Active Act, kisobozesa ebika okussaawo enteekateeka z'eggwanga okukozesa obuwagizi bwa gavumenti, nga biwa obuyinza obuyinza ku obukadde n'obukadde bwa doola mu ssente. Kino kyaviirako obutundutundu ne kampuni okugaziwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Navajo Nationaly National yennyini kati ekola enteekateeka y'eby'enjigiriza ye, ne Ssenti ya Bundiyaw ekola enteekateeka y'obulamu bw'ensi yonna, era n'okufuga ebinyonyinyinyigo ebya Colvilles Reervv ne byennyini. Kino kiviiriddeko mu by'obufuzi eby'obufuzi bya gavumenti bya masaza gamu okuva mu matwale, ne mu maggye gamu gamu gamu gamu gamu gamu gamu, ne gamu kukyusa enkola y

Obuzibu obw’Omu Kiseera Kino: Gavumenti Ekwata ku Busosoze Eri mu Bikolwa Leero

Gavumenti z'ebika eby'omu kiseera kino zenyigidde nnyo mu bibiina by'amawanga eby'enjawulo era nga birina obuyinza obukigeraageranyizika ne gavumenti z'ensi wadde nga zirina ebiruubirirwa eby'enjawulo.

Amateeka n’Enkola z’Obwenkanya

Ebika bingi byerabirira ebitongole bya poliisi, ebitongole bya kkooti, n'ebitongole ebikuumibwa. Enkola zino za mugaso nnyo okusobola okuteeka mu kifo eky'okwerinda mungi era ekyesudde, ng'essaawa eziyinza okuba nga zikyaliwo. Kkooti z'eggwanga zikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo okuva ku kumenya amateeka g'ebidduka, n'amateeka g'ab'omu maka okusoowa okusoowa enka, era mu mbeera ezimu, okumenya enkambi ez'amaanyi. Kyokka, okusoomooza okw'amaanyi ku nsonga z'amateeka kukulemesebwa. [FL.0] [OL.] [OL.] [OL.][FOL.] [OL.] [OLT] [[FLT] [:1] [octum:]] [oct] oluko] olukongo olw'ebikago, ebikalu ne bye bireetawo ebitongole ebitali bya banna mateeka, ne banna, ne Kkomera mu ggwanga erimu, ebitongole eky'ebitongole, ebitongole, ebitongole ne 2013, ebitongole eky'ebi

Okukulaakulana mu by’Eby’Eby’Obugagga n’Obufuzi

Obufuzi bw'eggwanga ye njyula y'ennene ennyo. Gamming kye kintu ekikulu ennyo mu kukolawo obuwumbi bwa doola mu nsi. Ensimbi ezikozesebwa okuva ku bujjanjabi bwa dipulooma ne ku nguudo zeyongera okujjuza ebika ebirala. Naye, eggwanga lya Choctaw of Oklahoma likola nga kakolero n'amaduuka ga bya gavumenti. Eggwanga ly'Abayindiya ery'e Umquatquaa lirina ekitongole kya waggulu. Amawanga ga Royansidefissis, amasomero ga goofu, ne maduuka ga bya bya byalo. Ekkompanikiti zino tezikolerwamu zokka; ze byabusuubuzi ebikolerwamu ebikolerwamu ebigeewawaanyisa, era ne by'amaduukanya amaduukaneempula, era ne byereenya amagoba mu nsi za za zaanyisa ssente.

Obuyigirize n’Okukuusibwako Obulungi

Gavumenti z'amawanga ziweereddwa obuyigirize mu by'enfuna okusobozesa abantu okumanyibwa mu by'enfuna n'obuwangwa. Gavumenti za Gavumenti zisobozesa Johnson-O'Malley okuddukanya obutongole bwa Bureau of Indian Education, ebika bingi nga byewagidde obuyigirize obwabyo. Amasomero gano okugatta obuyigirize obwa waggulu ku nnimi ez'ennimiza, obuwangwa, n'obuwangwa bw'abantu okusobozesa abayizi okuteekateeka abaana abava mu nnavanga, okutendeka obuyigirize obwa Navajo n'obuwangwa obugendera ku musingi. Ate era obuyigirize obwa waggulu bukulu bukulu bubeera n'obuyigirize bw'ebika ebisukka mu 30 ebisukka mu 500,000 buli mwaka. Ebitongole bino bikulu mu kuteekateeka abaana n'obukulembeze mu bitundu by'obuwangwa mu bitundu byabwe eby'ebiwangwa.

Emirimu gy’Eby’Obulamu

Nga bayitira mu kaweefube ow'okwekolako, gavumenti nnyingi zikozesa butereevu ebitongole ebirabirira embeera z'obulamu muddaala muddaawudda. Kino kibasobozesa okugatta awamu ebyetaago by'abantu, ka kibe nga kitwaliramu okukozesa enkola ez'ekinnansi okugatta enkola ez'enjawulo ez'okujjanjaba, oba okujjanjaba endwadde ezitawona, gamba nga sukaali. Ebiva mu malwaliro ga sukaali ga sukaali ga n'ebbeeyi. Ebiva mu malwanyi ga Alaska ga Alaska, ebiva mu ku butebenkenke, ebiva mu kuzimba obuddukiro bw'eggwanga, ebikolebwa mu ngeri y'obujjanjabi mu Nnono za Anchorage ne mu kuwa ebisaaweeyambi ebiva mu mbeera ez'enjawulo ez'obutebenkere.

Obuwanika bw’Enjawukana n’Eby’Obusobozi bw’Okuwulira Eddoboozi

Gavumenti za Bayindi zitera okukomya omulimu gw'okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi. Amawanga mangi galina eby'obugagga eby'omu butonde, okuva ku miti ne mu bintu ebirala ebigenda mu kabi k'okudda enkya n'okudda enkya. Nga gakozesa obuyinza bwabwe obwa nnannyini, ebika ebiwangwa by'Abayindi bifuga enkola ey'okukuuma ennyanjufu. Enzika za Buyindi zisobola okukebera enkola ey'enjawulo mu kifo kyazo. Amawanga ga Bumenti Enniculculcut Bume Bumenti Bungi bw'Abayindimu ne Bumenti y'omu Washington gakoze enteekateeka ey'okumanyiira embeera y'obudde n'obutebenkevu, era gawanjula enteekateeka za gavumenti ez'eby'obutebenkenkere. Era, era n'empalago ze zikola enteekateeka eyo ey'amaanyi mu ku mbeera z'eby'obulamu ebya lukale.

Ebizibu Ebibaawo mu Bufuzi obw’Enkomerero n’Okufuba Okuwagira Obufuzi bwa Yakuwa

Wadde nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi, gavumenti z’ebika bingi zikyayolekagana n’okusoomooza okutali kumu okuyinza okugezesa obuyinza bwazo n’obugumiikiriza.

Ensonga Ezibu Okutegeera n’Okuddukanya Ebintu

Gavumenti ki gavumenti eyandiyitiddwa okussaawo gavumenti nga `briculture'.' Kiba kituufu nnyo okukomyawo omuntu omu, ekifo, oba okukola ku nsonga eziragiddwa mu mateeka. Naddala mu masaza 280, gavumenti ezimu gye ziweereddwa obuyinza bw'abamenyi b'amateeka mu nsi eza Iniversitenti, gye zikomyawo obuyinza bw'enkan'ebitundu. Ekiragiro kino kisalawo nti buli kiseera buli lukiiko luteekwa okugenda okulwanirira obuyinza bwalwo okuva mu nfuga oba okukakasibwa endagaano eza gavumenti. Embalirira y'eggwanga ewandikiro nnene, ebiwandikibwawo ebiyinza okutwalibwa mu nzijanja . [[FL:0] MGitri.[FLT][FLD1:20] Enkola eno ekakasa nti ekitundu ekinene eky'ebuvanjuba y'ekirala, ewanjula enkanyi eziggula amateeka amapya, era enkanyinyinyirimu, era n'enfunda mu mateeka. amagye agayinza okusobozesa okuteekawo obutuufu.

Ssente Ezirimu Obusosoze n’Obufuzi bw’Abakungu

Wadde nga okuddukanya enkola ey'okwemalirira kisobozesezza ebika okusobola okufuga programu, essente ezikozesebwa mu nkola y'ekitongole ekyo tezisobola kukendeera. Ssente ezikozesebwa mu by'obulamu mu Buyindi zimanyiddwa ng'entono; buli muntu wa ggwanga lya Amerika z'abasinga obunene n'abasibe abaamuweebwa. Ekiragiro kya Bureau of Indian Affairsives zewandiise mu kukugira okulondooza obukwasiro, obuyigirize, n'eby'ebintu ebirala eby'enkola tebyakolebwa ziyinza kukendeeza ku nsonga ezizikwata ku gavumenti z'eggwanga.

Okupikirizibwa Okuva mu Amerika n’Ebyamanyi Abantu Be Bayinza Okwekolera

Gavumenti zitera okugezaako okugaziya obuyinza bwazo ku nsi, naddala mu bifo nga mu misolo, okukuba z'amasasi, n'obutonde.

Ekibuuzo ekiwedde: Munnaffe mu Amerika

Gavumenti z'ebika teziriwo dda. Gavumenti za njawulo nnyo. Wabula obufuzi obwazirimu, obuzingirwamu, era obuzingirwamu, buzimirizibwawo, era busobozesa abantu okwefunira amaanyi n'obuyinza. Gavumenti ez'enjawulo okuzigonjoola. Nga zeetooloddwa, okutabulwatabulwa, okutabulwatabulwatabulwa, era n'okweyingiza mu nsonga ez'enjawulo. Naye obufuzi bw'ekikumi obwasembayo bweyongera okuba obw'amaanyi n'obuyinza mu ggwanga. Gavumenti zikkiriza nti obufuga enjereere wakati w'eggwanga, era nti teziriiyo enjereere mu mateeka ga Amerika; buyamba okugonjoola ensonga eziva mu mbeera ez'obutebenkevu. Gavumenti, obuwazaamu n'ebiwangwa, era n'eb'ebtongole mu makubo ga Amerika, era n'amakubo gago, tegasanyusembe agabaddemu nnyo. Gago ge gagonjooleka bulungi ensonga ezibalukawo okuva mu mbeera z'obutebenkevumu. Gasster, era ne mu maggfulumeebitundu ebiva mu magyenkana