Obuzibu Obuli mu Kukkiriza Emitindo gy’Ekyokulabirako n’Enkola z’Enkola z’Ennimi

Okuluubirira eddembe ly'obuntu n'obwenkanya mu Amerika si kye kintu ekikulembedde obukulembedde eby'ebyafaayo; bye bimu ku ebyo ebikwata ku nkola ezikolebwa okusobola okugonjoola enjawukana mu ntegeka. Wadde nga kampuni ezikwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu ze essirasezza okuteekawo ebiwandiiko eby'amateeka n'amateeka okusobola okuteekawo ebiwandiiko ebikakasa nti amawanga gaasaliddwawo mu nsonga z'amateeka gajja kutuukiriza emitindo gy'ebikaago, era nti abantu basosola mu langi, ebitundu eby'eky'obuwangwa, eby'ekikula, eby'okwetaba, n'obusobozi. Okutegeera awakuŋŋanjola emigga gyonzi gisangibwa mu kifo ky'abasomesa, abayizi, n'abakkirizi abagezaako okutegeera ensonga zonna ezikwata ku kwenkanankanankanankanankanankanankana. ebibibiina bino bwe bikolebwa mu ggwanga erina, biyongera okusobozesa buli linna okuteekawo okwolesebwa okw'abantu abangi.

Okusalawo emitindo gy'envuma n'obwenkanya mu bantu si kye kintu ekippya. okuviira ddala ku kaweefube ow'okumalawo ebikolwa eby'enkan'enkola mu kyasa ekya 19 okutuuka ku kutegeka emirimu mu ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, abalwanyi babadde bakiraze nti obwenkanya bw'enjawukana mu by'enfuna n'enkanankana. ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku byafaayo by'abantu abo, era kikebera endowooza eziriwo mu kiseera kyaffe nga Black Live Matter ne MeToo, era ne kiwa amagezi agesobozesa okuyigiriza ebitundu bino eby'enjawulo.

Ebyafaayo Ebibiina Ebigaba Eddembe

Obuyambi bw'Emibiri Emibiri Egisooka

Enkola y'enkola y'entegeka mu kiseera kino yatandikibwawo dda nnyo nga wayiseewo emyaka gya 1950. Ebibiina ng'ebyo , ebyatandikibwawo mu 1909, byaleetawo okusoomooza okw'omu mateeka okusobola okuggyawo n'okuggyawo eddembe lya bantu. Ebiwandiiko ebya 1954 [[FLT]B]Brown v'. Ekitongole ky'Essomero kye kisalawo kya Sayansi, ekyatongoza amasomero ga bantu bonna gye gataawulawo, era kye kyali ekikomya omulimu ogwalimu amakumi g'emyaka egyakatwalibwa nga Charles Houston ne Thur Marshall. Mu kiseera kye kimu n'obuyonjo mu mwaka gwa 1919 ekitongole ekya Chicagos Riortitant ne mu 1930 “Deart’s Aw's Understat'''owat'omulimu".

Olupapula lw'amawulire oluyitibwa Covil Rights (1954-1968)

Empandika y'enkola eno etera okukolebwa mu masekkati ga mmasekkati ga mmawuka nga n'omwaka gwa1950 okutuuka mu masekkati ga 1960. Ebiragiro ebikulu byagobererwa nnyo mu ggwanga era ne kikakasibwa okussaawo amateeka:

  • [ Enkola ya Montgomery Bus Boycott (195-1956):[ yakwatibwako nnyo Rosa Park olw'okugaana okulekera awo okutuula. Omulenzi ono ow'ennaku 381 ye yaleetera Martin Luther King Jr okuggya olukalala lw'entambula n'okugulumizaamu omukulembeze w'eggwanga.
  • [[NT:0] Olukiiko oluyitibwa Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960): Abayizi bana aba yunivasite baasaanyawo okwekalakaasa okusobola okuwakanya obulango obw'eby'emisana, ekyaviirako akakiiko k'omuyizi Nonborbug Coordinating (SNC) okutandikawo.
  • [[Act:0] Emboozi esooka mu Maaki ku Washington (1963):[[[FLT]] Kabaka gye yayogerera ebigambo “Nnina Oluloto”, okujulira kuno okw'ekiwabyo kwawaliriza Akakiiko akaayisa ekiragiro eky'okusattulula eddembe ly'abantu.
  • Act ekifuga eddembe ly'ekibikira (1964):[[[FL:1] Etteeka lino ery'enkyukakyuka teririnnyinyirizibwa okusosola mu langi, langi, eddiini, okwetaba, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga, era n'okuvaako obusosoze mu bifo ebya lukale era n'okuwera okusosolwa ku mirimu.
  • [[Act:0] Act error (1965):[[FLT]] Oluvannyuma lwa “Ssande nga 1,1 ku maduuka ag'ettemu mu Selma, Alabama, kaading'akkiriza amateeka agaagaana obusosoze mu kulonda, era n'okuwangula okukendeeza ku busosoze mu ntambula.

Olw’okuba ekibiina ekyo kyakubiriza abantu okujeemera gavumenti, kyazzibwamu nnyo amaanyi Mahatma Gandhi awamu n’empisa ez’Ekikristaayo ezikwata ku mpisa.

Obunafu n’Bizineesi Etannakosebwa

Wadde nga mu 1964 ne 1965 baasaanyawo obwetwaze, tebaakoma ku kusosola mu mayumba, mu by'enjigiriza oba mu bya bugagga. Mu 1968, okutemulwa kwa Martin Luther King Jr. era okubuna mu kibiina kya Black Power kyaleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu by'enfuna era kyateeka essira ku ngeri y'okwegatta awamu n'okwegulumiza kw'eby'obuwangwa. Mu kiseera kino, abantu gye beeyongera okumanya engeri enkalu n'obuwangwa gye zigattiŋŋanamu, ne mu ngeri y'ensonga ez'ensonga ez'ekikula.

Engeri obwenkanya gye Bugazi gye Butunuuliramu Abantu

Eddembe ly’Abakazi n’Ensonga Ze

Enkola y'abakazi ey'abakazi ey'omu nnyanjula y'ekyasa 19 ne ku ntandikwa y'ekya 20 etera okutwalibwa ng'enkola eyawumbiddwawo, naye abakulembeze baabwe baakwatanga nnyo enjogera n'enkola ez'okuwera. Frederick Douglas yali muwagizi nnyo ku bakazi abawagizi, era nga mu 1888 Falls Convention yagatta ddala okulwanirira eddembe ly'abakazi erirwana n'obuddu. Kyokka, ekibiina era kyavuganga obukuubagavu n'enjawukana n'enjawukana z'eggwanga: oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa Circul, abazungu abamu baagamba nti abakazi abazungu abayiiyivu mu kibiina ekipya ekipya ekyasumulukusiddwa, ekyayawulula ekko ekko. Okuteekiso eky'enkola y'obuddu (1920) tekyakuukiriza ku kufuna ku ddembe lya bannanziji mu South okutuusa ku Kkokko y'19666.

LGBTQ+ Entegeka

LGBTQ ey'omu kiseera kino, nga yatera okukolebwa mu kibiina kya Protollaw Riots mu kibuga New York ekya 1969, yakulembera abakazi aba langi ez'enjawulo gamba nga Marsha P. Johnson ne Sylvia Rivera. Ekiyeetezo kyabwe kyakolagana butereevu n'entalo z'abantu, nga bayigganyizibwa ba poliisi n'obusosoze obufaananako obwali mu Amerika. Omuntu okugoba obulyikesiizi obufaananyi obwa buli kika kya munne mu nsi yennyini, era n'okukomya obusosoze mu mirimu gye bufaananyezza enkola za NAACP. Empani eyo gye buvuddeko emyaka mingi emabega, okulwanirira enkakaluko z'abantu abangi (nga ab'eggwanga mu 2015, [FLG:]bergerome. Hoge v.[FLD1]) yatandikawo enkaluvu mu mateeka ageyenkanankanankanankana n'abantu abalala.[5]

Obwenkanya mu by’Enfuna n’Ebibiina by’Abantu

Ekiragiro kino kyeyongera okutandikawo kaweefube w'eby'eby'enfuna mu 1968 okuwaliriza abantu bonna mu Amereka okukakala ku ddembe ly'obuntu mu ggwanga. Yagamba nti eddembe erya nnamaddala ly'obuntu lyetaagisa essente, amayumba amalungi, n'ensukko. Mu myaka gya 1960, Martin Luther King Jr. Kyeyongera okusiikiriza obwavu, obwavu obwatandikawo kampeni y'abantu nga baagezaako okuwaliriza abantu bonna mu Amereka okufunira eddembe ly'eby'enfuna, kasokerere ku ddembe ly'abantu kasomero ka kibeere bannaawula ggwanga. Leero, ebibiina by'abakungu mu Latini Gamasting, ebikola nga binoonya essente ezisukka mu kkumi n'empeera, era n'ebbeeyambi ey'eby'eby'eby'obujjanjawulo, ebibadde nga bigoberera obwenkanya obwa waggulu mu by'eby'enfuna.

Okufuba Ennyo n’Obunywevu mu Kufuba

Enkizo za Bannaggwanga n’Ekibiina ky’Abakazi

Mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970, abakazi bangi abalwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu baasoberwa olw'okwegatta mu bibiina by'ensi ebitali bimu. abakazi nga Ella Baker, Fannie Lou Hamer, ne Septima Poinette Clark baatandikawo kaweefube ow'okukulembera abakazi Babuddu eyawa amaanyi era bye baayitamu byateekawo omusingi gwa bannaakyemalira ku kibiina ky'abakazi ab'okubiri. Olukiiko lw'eby'obujaasi mu Houston lwatumbal lwalina okuwanirira eddembe lya bakyala, eddembe ery'okuzaala abaana, n'okumanyisa obwenkanya obwalimu ebiwandiiko eby'ensonga ez'ekikula okuva ku n'okwenkanyankanya obusosoze mu mawanga.

Omuntu bw’Atasobola Kutegeera Makulu Gaakwe

Muyivu mu by'amateeka Kimberlé Crenshaw yatandika okukozesa ekigambo ekitegeeza olukalala olw'ebiragiro mu 1989 okunnyonnyola engeri obusosoze gye bweyolekera mu bantu nga langi, obutundu, ekikula, n'engeri ey'okwetaba gye bituuka ku basososolwa oba enkizo. Kino kiyamba nnyo okumanyisa abaddugavu lwaki okukolagana n'abalabuse bye beetaaga. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omukazi Omuladdubu ayolekagana n'okusoberwa mu mulimu ayinza obutakola bulungi n'ekitongole ekigendera ku mbeera z'abazungu oba ku ddembe ebikolebwako. Kino kiyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri y'emu n'enkola y'emu nga Anuza, ey'ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku Bannaburamu. Okumanyisaazaamu ebigambo by'omulala. Ng'ebyo ebikolebwa mu nsi eno ebikolebwa mu kifo ky'okumanyibwa obusokesebwa ekiwatoobwe.

Emiwendo egy’Akakiiko Akakkiriza Okukolagana n’Abantu

Abakulembeze bangi abakozesa ebifaananyi bakakasa nti emitindo gy'envuma oba okusala emisango mu bulamu bwabwe bwonna bitegekeddwa bulungi.

  • [[AK'AKAWUZI]]Martin King Jr. – Wadde nga yamanyibwa nnyo okukulembera ekitongole ekikola ku ddembe lya civil Rights Movement, emyaka gya Kabaka egyaddirira, essira lyassa nnyo ku by'enfuna, okuwakanya Vietnam, era n'okutandikawo kaweefube w'abantu abaavu. Yalaga n'obusosoze mu by'amagye, obusosoze n'obwavu, ng'awakanya nti emirembe egya nnamaddala gyali yeetaagisa okusala omusango mu bantu.
  • Fannie Lou Hamer – Ascropper and SNCC , Hamer yawa obujulizi obw'amaanyi ku ngeri y'obukambwe n'okukuba obululu mu kibiina kya poliisi mu 1964. Era yakola ne ku kampuni ezikwata ku mmere ne ku nteekateeka ez'emitwe, era n'okutegeeza obwavu mu ngeri y'ensonga.
  • [[NKULULA]] Ekiragiro ky'ekika ekimu eky'omu nnyanja – era nga omu ku bakungu abaasooka okulondebwa mu Amerika, enneyisa yalala era ne kiwagira obukankano bw'abakozi, obunene bw'eggwanga, n'obuyonjo obuzingirwamu mu San Francisco. Omutemu gwe gwa 1978 yaleetera abasodookisi okuteekawo empaka ez'okukwataganya wakati w'ebiwangwa.
  • [[NKULA] Dolores Huerta – Co-essom'omu United Farm Works ay Cesar Cavez, Huerta amaze emyaka mingi ng'awagira eddembe ly'abagwira, eddembe ly'abakazi, n'ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi. Yayiiya ebigambo “Sí, se puede” (yeewa, tusobola) oluvannyuma ne tutandika okuyimba oluyimba lwa bannakyewa era ne bawaabi.
  • Johnson Marsha P. – transgender era n'akwata empaka ya kwiini, Johnson ye muntu omu ow'ekitundu mu kujeemera bankalu era eyatandikawo ekitongole Transvestate Action Revolutionries (STAR) okuwagira okubaamu LGBTQ+ obuvubuka. Omulimu gwe agukola mu kwawulawo akakwate n'obwavu, n'obwavu.

Enkyukakyuka mu Nkyukakyuka Ezikolebwa mu Kibiina kyaffe

Kikulu Okufaayo ku Bulamu

Yatandikibwawo mu 2013 oluvannyuma lwa George Zimmerman okutaasa omukulembeze wa Tratulevon Martin, Black Live Matter (BLM)[[FLL:1]] n'ekolamu kaweefube ow'okulwanyisa obukambwe bwa poliisi n'obusosoze mu nkola za bannaabwo. Obusosoze okuva ku 1960 mu ntegeka za bannakyewa ezitegekebwa mu bantu, okukozesa eby'enjawulo mu empuliziganya, n'ebitundu bya LGTQ+ ne ku bakazi. Enteekateeka eno eviiriddeko enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ng'okutwala obukiiko bwa poli, obukiiko bw'abapoliisi, n'okulabirira obutongole bwa poli, n'okuzzaawo obutongole bwa bannaburala, okuzzaawo eddembe lyabwo mu matendeke. Era eggula ku by'ogezi. [FLM:]

Ne Kuntambula

Yasigibwa Tarina Burke mu 2006 ng'ekikongozi ekiyamba abakuumibwa mu by'okwetaba, Me Too yabuubuuka mu 2017 oluvannyuma lwa Harvey Weinstein okunenya. Ekibiina kino kiraga engeri okutulugunyizibwa n'okutulugunyizibwa mu by'okwetaba gye bikosaamu abakazi ab'enkula, abakozi ab'ebbula erya wansi, n'okubuuka obugazi. Mu ngeri y'emu, okubeeyisaamu abamenyi b'amateeka mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya, mu kifo ky'ensonga ey'okuteekawo ensonga mu kyamaguzi, Meo aleetedde okukyungizaamu amalo, n'obuwayinja bw'amaanyi.

Emirembe mu Nsi Gisobozesa Emirembe n’Obutebenkevu

Akabenje k'obudde kaleetera abantu abagenda mu bitundu ebitono ennyo okumanyibwa era n'abantu aba langi ez'enjawulo, nga basobola okubeera okumpi ne kkopi ez'eby'obudde ne enjereere. Kino kikola ng'obwenkanya nga kiwandikiddwa ebibiina nga Indienvironmental Environmental Network ne Sun , ebikwatagana n'obusosoze bw'obutonde n'obusosoze bw'ensi, obusosoze obungi obuva mu n'obusosoze mu bya bya bya bya nfuna. Abavubuka nga Greta Thberg ne abavubuka ab'okutaano ab'omu biseera eby'omu maaso bagaziya emboozi, baayongera okunyumya okugatta okulwanyisa ebiri ku mu nsi enfumbo. Kino kiraga nti okukolagana n'obusosoze mu n'eby'enfuna by'abantu leero kulaga nti obusosoze mu nsi kulaga bulungi obwa bulijjo.

Okuyigiriza ku Nsozi: Ebitiibwa by’Abasomesa

Enkyukakyuka mu Buwabuzi

Okusobola okuyigiriza okutaasanya eddembe ly'abantu n'obwenkanya bw'abantu, kikwetaagisa okukola ekisingawo ku kugoberera embalirira y'ebintu.

Ebizibu by’Oyolekagana Nabyo n’Okufaayo

Abasomesa bateekwa okussaawo ebifo eby'okwerinda okukubaganya ebirowoozo, era n'okwetegekera okwogera ku bizibu by'omuyizi. Era kiba kikulu okwewala okuwa abayizi bonna enkyuukanya; mu kifo ky'okwoleka obukuubagano n'okukattulukuka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekibiina ky'eddembe ly'abantu kizingiramu abo abeegatta (nga Kabaka) ne banoonya obusosoze (nga Malcolm X mu nsonga ezimu), era n'ekibiina LGBBQ+ kyewanjudde mu n'eddoboozi essaawaamu.

Olugendo olw’Obwenkanya

Okuyawukanya kw'entegeka z'abantu n'entegeka ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga z'obwenkanya era n'ez'ensonga z'abantu, biraga obumu, obukulembedde. Okuva ku baagunjula eddembe ly'abakazi eritwalibwa okusobola okulwanirira eddembe ly'abakazi eritali lya bulijjo era nga bawagidde okubunyisibwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Abasomesa n'abayizi abeekenneenya eb'ebbyafaayo bino basimba ebisomebwa mu biseera eby'emabega nga baddamu okukola ku bizibu ebippya. Omulimu ogw'okuleetawo entegeka y'ensonga ez'obwenkanya tegumalirimaliriggwa. Okuwangula kw'amateeka kulina okutaawulibwawo era n'ensonga eziba zigattiddwawo mu bwenkanya.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku by'enjigiriza mu Stanford ne Project ey'Enjigiriza, ewa obulagirizi obusinga obufuga oba obulagirizi ku ddembe ly'abantu n'ensonga ezikolebwa ku bantu.