Okusalawo etteeka ku ddembe ly'obufumbo n'etteeka ery'okukuza abaana, kye kimu ku bintu ebyakolebwa mu maka mu kyasa ekiyise. Okutegeera engeri amateeka gano gye gakolaganamu kikulu eri abakugu mu by'amateeka, abasomesa n'ab'omu maka okusobola okugonjoola obutakkaanya obutuufu bw'enkwasibwa kw'abaana. Wadde ng'edda, obufumbo bwateekawo entegeka entuufu mu mateeka ku ddembe ly'obuzadde, enzirukanya y'okukuza abaana, obukodyo bw'omulembe obugenda busimba essira ku mbeera y'omwana k'omufumbo. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku byafaayo, emisingi gy'amateeka, okukulaakulana kw'omulembe, n'ebkusobozesa omuntu yenna okufuna amagezi ageennyonnyonnyolebwa mu nsonga zino.

Ebyafaayo ku Bufumbo n’Etteeka ly’Okwatongoza

Mu byafaayo bingi eby’omu nsi z'omu Bulaaya, obufumbo bwatwalibwanga ng'endagaano ey'ekyama wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi, nga bba atwala obuyinza mu mateeka ku mukazi we. Wansi w'enjigiriza z'amateeka g'Abangereza ezikwata ku kwebikka ku muntu, omukyala omufumbo teyalina ky'amanyi mu mateeka; ebintu bye, ssente ze, era n'abaana be baafugibwanga bba. Amateeka agakwata ku nsonga y'abaana mu kiseera kino gaakwataganyizibwanga n'enteekateeka eno ey’omusika — taata yalina eddembe erya ddala ery'okukuuma abaana be ab'ebiragiro.

Empandiika ey'omwaka 19 okuva ku kkumi n'ekitundu ku ntandikwa y'enjigiriza z'omukwano” yaleetawo enkyukakyuka ey'amaanyi. Ssaze yatandika okulowooza nti abaana abato ennyo, naddala abaana abato, balina okusigala ne bannyaabwe, nga basinziira ku ndowooza nti okulabirira maama kyali kikulu nnyo mu myaka egy'obuto. Kino kyasinga nnyo okuba nti etteeka lya taata yalina okukkirizibwa, wadde nga lyali likyakugirwamu abaana abato mu kyasa ekya 20, enjigiriza y'obuto n'efuuka “esingayo obulungi obwa bulijjo ku mwana omutindo gw'alina, wadde nga maama yanywerezebwa mu bitundu bingi okutuusa mu 1970. Enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu n'obusosoze obunene zaatumbulwamu amakanisa gaagobeetaago ga division.

Leero, buli ggwanga mu Amerika litaddewo omutindo ogusingayo okusikiriza, nga liggyawo emitindo egikwata ku bakazi abaami abalondeddwa okuba abakazi. Kyokka, ebyafaayo ebireetebwawo abaana ab'ekika kya maama bye bikyasibuka ku kusalawo okw'engeri y'okulabirira abaana mu nkaayana ezikwata ku kukuza abaana. Okutegeera endowooza eno ey'enfuufu nnene kubanga kiraga engeri eddembe ly'obufumbo gye litwalibwamu nga lirina obuyinza bw'omuzadde kyokka — singa liba nga liteekeddwako abazadde abafumbo oba nga si bafumbo.

Emisingi gy’Amateeka Gikwata ku Bufumbo n’Obusika

Endowooza ey’Okubeera n’Omuzadde mu Bufumbo

Emu ku misingi gy'amateeka egikola ku bufumbo n'okukuza abaana, etegeeza “okutongoza abaana oba okubalonda nga batuufu” oba“ olw'okuteekawo amateeka aga bulijjo era n'amateeka mangi ag'omu kiseera kino, omwana azaaliddwa omukazi atwalibwa okuba omwana w'omwami we. Kino kitegeeza nti: etteeka lino lisobozesa omusajja okuweebwa eddembe ly'omuzadde, nga mw'otwalidde n'eddembe ery'okulonda omwana, nga teritaazeeko ky'okuzaala. Vict Paretage Act (UP), ekkirizibwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, ng'ekyokulabirako, UPA (207) kigamba nti “omusajja atwalibwa ng'omuzadde w'omwana... singa omwana azaaliddwa omukazi era nga n'omukazi akkirizibwa mu kiseera nga 204.

Omusajja ayinza okuwakanya endowooza eno singa aba takkirizibwa kuzaala mwana nga tannafuuka taata wennyini — gamba ng'okugezesa DNA. Mu ngeri y'emu, taata ayinza okugezaako okuggya omuzadde mu bufumbo bwe kiba nga si y'ensonga lwaki omwana yeegatta ne munne mu bufumbo. Mu ngeri y'emu, singa obufumbo tebubaamu kuzaala mwana, abafumbo bwe bagattululwa, ekiteeso eky'okutongozaamu abaana: kkooti etwala abafumbo bombi nga bazadde baabwe ab'omu mateeka, n'olwekyo, ensonga ereetebwawo okuteekawo obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuzaala abaana obw'obuzadde.

Okugattululwa n’Okukuuma Obusika: Ekintu Ekisingirayo Obulungi

Bwe bagattululwa, kkooti zisalawo ebikwata ku kukuza abaana nga zisinziira ku byetaago by'abaana. Omutindo guno guba gugobererwa mu bugenderevu, era gusobozesa abalamuzi okupima ensonga eziwerako. Emirundi egisinga, gizingiramu enneewulira wakati w'omuzadde n'omwana, obusobozi bw'omuzadde obw'okulabirira amaka, eby'enjigiriza n'eby'obujjanjabi by'omwana, n'ebyafaayo eby'okukuba enzijanjaba oba eby'abaana. Amateeka mangi gawandiika ensonga zino. Ng'ekyokulabirako,, California Kodegi y'amaka 3011 ewandikko 3011 eraga engeri omwana gye yeeyisaamu, n'obulungi bw'omwana we.[2]

Ennamba z'obufumbo zikolagana bulungi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Esooka, embeera y'obufumbo tezitera kuba nga nfumbo zisobola kufuga ensonga. Omutindo ogusingayo okusanyusa abaana gubeera mu bufumbo era gugobererwa n'abagatte nga bagattuluddwa. Kyokka, abazadde abafumbo batera okuba n'akakwate ne batandikawo abazadde ab'omu mateeka (nga bwe kyayogeddwako waggulu). Ekyokubiri, kkooti eyinza okulowooza ku butebenkevu mu maka era n'obusobozi bw'abazadde okukolagana obulungi, nga bweyoleka mangu mu nkolagana y'obufumbo. Enjigiriza eyo ereetebwawo mu 1970, mu 1970, singa omuzadde omu y'alabirira abaana mu ngeri esingawo obukulu, eyo eyinza okuba ey'ensonga ey'okulabirira abaana, wadde ng'ebyambi ey'omuzadde omulala.

Ekitundu ekisobola okulaga engeri omwana gy'ayinza okuyisibwamu kwe “kukuza abaana” oba“ okubakuza abaana.” Ebiwaatiro bingi kati biwa endowooza nti ekiseera eky'okulabirira omwana kyenkanankana kisinga okuba eky'omu kiseera ekisingayo obulungi omwana okuggyako nga waliwo obukakafu obulaga. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okunoonyereza okutali kumu kulaga nti omwana aganyulwa mu nteekateeka z'abazadde bombi.

Ebiyinza Okuvaamu Obufumbo bw’Ekikula Ekimu

Okutongozebwa mu mateeka mu Amerika okuyitira mu kusalawo kwa Kkooti ey'Enfuga Obukulu Obergefell v. Hodges (2015]) kwakyusa nnyo amateeka agakwata ku kukuuma abaana mu ngeri y'emu. Mu kifo ky'okufumbiriganwa , abafumbo ab'obukaba baasoodoka], nga babuusabuusa eddembe ly'abazadde, naddala eritamanyibwa bazadde baabwe. Era mu nsonga ezisinga obungi zikwatanyisiirwamu n'abafumbo, obukkirizibwa mu mateeka, obukkirizibwa mu bufumbo bw'abazadde olw'obugwanjufu, obugenda buteevuzi kubanga “bakyala baali beegatta.

[[NTL:0] Gefell[ amawanga gonna getaagibwa okulaba obufumbo obw'ekikula kye kimu naye tegasobozesa bannagalwa ab'omukwano mu ngeri y'emu. Ebiwandikiro bingi okuva lwe byakyusa amateeka agaawebwa nga ssematata, nga mwe muli n'abafumbo abaagasse abafumbo ab'obukaba, okugeza, etteeka ery'omu California libatwala nti “essominno y'omuzadde akkirizibwa okuba omuzadde w'omwana singa... omwana azaalirwa omukazi era omuntu n'afumbirwa omukazi. Olulimi luno lukozesa“ Spert, mu kifo kya “K, ku olwo.Emiteesa.

Ensonga emu ereetera okusaasaana ezingiramu abaana abatwalibwa mu tekinologiya (ART) mu bufumbo obw'ekikula. Singa abafumbo abafaananya ebitundu eby'ekyama bakozesa omukazi omu oba omukazi azaala omwana omulala, kiyinza okumwetaagisa okwongerako mu mateeka. Okusobola okutongoza abaana ng'omuzadde ow'okubiri oba ow'omuzadde ow'okuzaala. Singa tewabaawo munnaabwe mu bufumbo akkirizibwa mu mateeka, abafumbo bayinza obutabeera na nkolagana ya kuzaala singa abafumbo baawukana. Kkooti ziyinza kusalawo mu ngeri za njawulo. [[FL:0] [-Ject:] Miller-Jenkins., olukiiko olukulu luyinza okuteekawo olukuuti olw'omu mateeka olw'omulembedde mu nnyina, olukiiko olukulu, olukulu olw'omuzadde olukulu, olukulu luna olw'omukwano mu n'obufumbo, olugo lwotaago lwogerwa ku nsonga endala ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga endala ezikwata ku nsonga.

Okugatta obukwasiddwa bw'enkalo n'entegeka z'abafumbo ezikwatibwa kisigala nga kifo kya kyamangu nnyo mu kukwata ab'obukaba. Abakugu mu by'amateeka balina okunywerera ku mateeka n'okusalawo okw'omu mateeka okusobola okubuulirira obulungi bakasitoma baabwe. Obulagirizi obusingawo obulaga ebizingirwamu, ebiva mu ntegeka z'entegeka nga Ekitongole enzikkiriza eddembe ly'omukwano gwa Lesbian[[ ne [[FLT:][F]

Okukulaakulana mu by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Omu mateeka okw’Ebyaka

Ebitali bimu ebyakakolebwako bikyusa amateeka agakwata ku kutuukiriza abaana. Ekisooka, mu 2017 Law Commission’s 2017 enzivuunvuunvu z'amateeka ga 'Uniforeage Act (UPA 2017) z'eraga engeri abaana gye bazaalibwamu okuyitira mu ART ne cologation, era zigoberera enkola y'eky'ekikula mu ngeri entegekebwamu. Ekiragiro kino kisalawo nti omwana azaalibwa mu bufumbo bw'abafumbo, abazadde bombi bakkirizibwa mu mateeka.

Ekyokubiri, kkooti z'eyongera okutegeera eddembe ly'abazadde — abantu abakulu abalaze enkolagana y'omuzadde n'omwana naye nga si bafumbo n'omuzadde eyamuzaala oba ow'omuzadde ow'okukuza. Mu bitundu ebimu, omuzadde bw'aba nga yagattululwa n'omwana we, omuzadde gy'ayinza okuba nga takyasobola kufuuka muzadde we, oba nga yaakagattululwa n'omwana we. Kino kiremesaamu omu ku ddembe ly'omuzadde omu ly'obufumbo n'ery'omwana we n'enkolagana ey'omwana we. mu n'enjigiriza y'ekya L. (2005], kkooti enkulu mu Washington ekitwala nti, omuzadde eyeeyisa mu ngeri y'obugwanyi mu myaka egy'okulabirira obufumbo, oba ey'omuzadde, wansi w'enjigiriza y'obufumbo.

Ekyokusatu, amateeka ga gavumenti gassaawo amateeka nga Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) ne 'Vict Child Leavement Juridition and Enkorctment Act (UCJEA') gakolagana n'enkwaso z'obufumbo. UCCJEA, ekkirizibwa mu masaza gonna, eteekawo amateeka agabana ku ngeri y'okusalawo engeri y'okulabiriramu abaana. Abazadde bwe baawukana ne bagenda mu bitundu eby'enjawulo, amateeka gayinza okugonjoola ebiva mu ku buyinza bw'abaana. Okugatta ku ekyo, bannannyini bannaaza tteeka bannannyini bakkirizibwa okusigala mu maka okukkirizibwa okulekawo ettemu awatali kubonero, nga bakitegeera nti ensonga ezikwata ku bufumbo ziteekwa okugobererwa.

Era n'enkyukakyuka ezikoleddwa mu gavumenti nazo zikoze. Ebiwandiike ebimu byateekawo enkola eya “okukuza abaana” ng'eraga nti okuzaala abaana kye kimu, ate ebirala bivudde ku ndowooza ezo ezeesigamiziddwa ku kunoonyereza okukwata ku maka aga waggulu. Mu 2023, Kentucky yayisa etteeka eriragira abalamuzi okutwala abawagizi ba kkooti nga“ssomi” ekisobozesa buli muzadde okuba n'ekiseera ekisingako n'eggwanga. Era nga Colorado kiko omusingi gwe guko obulagirizi obukwata ku ku ku kutuukiriza emikolo gy'abazadde ab'omu maka amangi.

Ebyokulabirako Ebisobola Okutuyamba mu Kibiina n’Okufuna Obusobozi

Empalana eriwo wakati w'enkwaso z'obufumbo n'amateeka agakwata ku kukuza abaana, birina kinene kye bikola ku maka.

Abazadde Abatali Mufumbo

Abazadde bwe baba nga si bafumbo, maama alina kuzaala mwana yekka mu mateeka era nga mu mateeka okuggyako nga taata ataddewo okuzaala omwana. Taata bw'aba ayagala okukuza abaana, aba alina okuteeka mu nkola eya ADNA, ekiyinza okwetaagisa okumukebera mu ndabirwamu. Omuntu bw'aba nga mufumbo oba nga si mufumbo, asobola okutwalibwa ng'omuzadde omukkirizibwa mu mateeka singa oluganda lukkirizibwa. Okuwasa tekukugira kukuza baana naye nga kukakatibwatibwatiisa mu mugugu mulala.

Okugattululwa n’Okukyusa Enkyukakyuka

Oluvannyuma lw'okugattululwa, ebiragiro eby'okukuza abaana tebiba bya lubeerera. Omuzadde omu ayinza okusaba okukyusa engeri y'okukuzaamu abaana okusinziira ku “kukyuka okw'amaanyi mu mbeera z'embeera.” obuvunaanyizibwa bw'obufumbo buyinza okusaanibwa: omuntu okufumbirwa ayinza okutwalibwa ng'enkyukakyuka, naddala singa bwatandikawo omuzadde omuppya ayagala okuyamba abaana be. Naye, omutindo ogusingayo okuleetawo enkyuukanya gusigala nga mukulu, era kooti ejja kukebera engeri okuddamu okuwasa oba okufumbirwa gy'eyinza okuganyula omwana n'enkolagana gy'alina ne muzadde.

Abazadde ab'ekikula ekimu n'abo ababa bayisa abaana baabwe ng'abaazaalibwa

Eri abafumbo, okukuza abaana ab'obukaba kitera okusembezebwa okukakasa nti bombi bakkirizibwa mu mateeka. Okukuza abaana mu bufumbo kiyinza okukkirizibwa mu mateeka okutandikawo obufumbo nga tewaliwo nkyukakyuka. Singa omu ku bafumbo atali munnasayansi tanywerera ku mateeka ga nfumbo, kiyinza okumubeerera ekizibu okufuna aw'okuweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa naddala singa abafumbo bagattululwa. Eggwanga ezimu nga New York ne California, zireeteddwawo “okuzaala omwana ng'alekera awo okukuza eddiini” enjigiriza eziyinza okukuuma omuzadde atali munnasayansi eyakola ng'omuzadde.

Ensonga Ezikwata ku Butundu bw’Ensi Yonna

Eddembe ly'obufumbo liyinza okwawukana singa abazadde babeera mu nsi ez'enjawulo. UCCJEA ewa etteeka ku ngeri y'okufugaamu amaka, naye engeri y'okuyisaamu abazadde abali mu bufumbo eyinza okuba ey'enjawulo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, embeera etakkiriza bufumbo bw'omugatte kinne waabwo (nga buwangwa bukkirizibwa mu mateeka, okugattibwa mu mawanga amalala, naye ebiragiro eby'okukuuma abaana biyinza okugobererwa [[FL:0]]] era nga n'amawanga agamu gayinza okugezaako okukugira eddembe ly'omuzadde ery'omufumbo omu. Mu mbeera ng'ezo, okukkiriza okw'empeera n'omusolo kikwetaagisa okufumbiriganwa n'abantu okuva mu mawanga amalala, naye amateeka gayinza okumenyebwa. Okuyomba okugattiŋŋana okuga ku balala, ng'amawanga agamu n'okukakala ebizitonero mu mateeka ag'ensi yonna.

fundikira

Enkolagana wakati w'obufumbo n'obusika bw'abaana egenda ekyuka, nga kiraga emitindo gy'enkola ey'enkola ey'okwenkanankana n'egyo abaana gye balina. Obufumbo bwe bwasembera okumpi n'entegeka z'abazadde, amateeka gassa essira ku byetaago by'abaana, era nga gagoberera emitindo egigonvu egikwata ku buli maka. Okukkirizibwa mu mateeka okuzza empalana mu mateeka ku bufumbo bw'omu n'okuzza ennukuta y'ennukkulu, okuzza obubonero ku mukizo, n'okukyusaamuamu mu by'obufuzi, byonna bigaziyamye okumanyibwa kw'amaka. Okutegeera okukkirizibwa kuno ku kuyamba amaka gonna okuyisibwa mu ngeri ennungi era n'ebivuddemu ebirungi eri abaana. Nkyukakyuka mu mateeka bwe bigenda nga bigobe nga ebimanyibwa mu n'ebyo ebiva mu n'ebyo ebimanyibwa mu n'ebyo ebiva mu n'ebyo ebiva mu n'ebyo ebiva mu mateeka, ebikolebwa abazadde, ebiyinza okubeera ebitegeke eby'ebiragibwawo ku nsonga enkulu, nga bisobola okubeera ebigo, ebigo n'